Phase Composition and Transport Properties of oxide ion conductors based on Sr1-xKxGeO3-x/2

Oxide ion conductors have been increasingly studied because of their potential applications in different electrochemical devices, such as, oxygen sensors, membranes for oxygen separation and components of fuel cells. Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) are electrochemical devices that operate at high temperatures, 600-1000 ºC, with higher efficiency for electrical generation than conventional systems based on fuel combustion. The high operating temperatures of the SOFC is mainly due to the limited ionic conductivity of the electrolyte. Zr0.84Y0.16O1.92 (YSZ) is the electrolyte most widely used in commercial systems due to its high stability and oxide ion conductivity at elevated temperatures (900-1000 ºC). However, there is a great interest in the development of devices with lower operation temperatures (600-800 ºC) to overcome collateral problems like difficulties in cell sealing or shorter lifetime of the components caused by the high operation temperature of YSZ. The high oxide ion conductivities recently reported in Na- and K-doped strontium silicates and germanates, make them potentially suitable for SOFC electrolytes. In this work, the structure, microstructure and electrical properties of Sr1-xKxGeO3-x/2 (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2) compounds have been re-investigated. The materials have been prepared by conventional ceramic and freeze-drying precursor methods. Different phases are stabilized depending on the synthetic method and the sintering temperature. Samples prepared by freeze-drying at 700 ºC exhibit a triclinic structure, which transforms to a mixture of monoclinic and trigonal related phases on heating at 1000 ºC. The presence of some broad diffractions peaks, which are not fitted in the Rietveld analysis, indicates the existence of an amorphous or low-crystalline phase (ACn) that have been quantified by an external standard procedure (G-factor approach). The homogeneity and chemical composition of the samples were checked by scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX). The total conductivity of these materials was studied by impedance spectroscopy.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Lettuce Production under Mini-PV Modules Arranged in Patterned Designs

The growing need for clean energy and food production are favoring the use of underused spaces, such as rooftops. This study aims to demonstrate the compatibility of the use of rooftops both for the production of photovoltaic energy and for the production of food, despite the fact that both compete for the same resource, sunlight (rooftop agrivoltaic). In the experiment reported in this study, which was carried out in Almería (Spain) during the spring and summer of 2021, three shade treatments were tested for a lettuce crop, produced by photovoltaic modules with different arrangements: concentrated shade (CS), scattered shade (SS) and full sun (FS). This experiment was repeated in two seasons with high radiation levels and temperature. The results show that in these environmental conditions, the cultivation of plants that demand little sunlight, such as lettuce, is compatible with the shading produced by photovoltaic panels. In addition, it is shown that the same percentage of the area covered with shade (22%), but using mini-PV modules arranged in patterns, improves the productivity (fresh weight, dry matter, number of leaves, maximum length and dry matter of roots) of lettuce cultivation, both in spring and summerinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Plant Proteases: From Key Enzymes in Germination to Allies for Fighting Human Gluten-Related Disorders

Plant proteases play a crucial role in many different biological processes along the plant life cycle. One of the most determinant stages in which proteases are key protagonists is the plant germination through the hydrolysis and mobilization of other proteins accumulated in seeds and cereal grains. The most represented proteases in charge of this are the cysteine proteases group, including the C1A family known as papain-like and the C13 family also called legumains. In cereal species such as wheat, oat or rye, gluten is a very complex mixture of grain storage proteins, which may affect the health of sensitive consumers like celiac patients. Since gluten proteins are suitable targets for plant proteases, the knowledge of the proteases involved in storage protein mobilization could be employed to manipulate the amount of gluten in the grain. Some proteases have been previously found to exhibit promising properties for their application in the degradation of known toxic peptides from gluten. To explore the variability in gluten-degrading capacities, we have now analyzed the degradation of gluten from different wheat cultivars using several cysteine proteases from barley. The wide variability showed highlights the possibility to select the protease with the highest potential to alter grain composition reducing the gluten content. Consequently, new avenues could be explored combining genetic manipulation of proteolytic processes with silencing techniques to be used as biotechnological tools against gluten-related disorders

Localización neuroeléctrica de procesos cognitivos

Se presentan y defienden las técnicas de registro de la actividad eléc- trica cerebral con electrodos de superficie como una alternativa valida para el estudio fisiológico de la función cognitiva del cerebro humano. Asimis- mo, se describen las técnicas de representación topográfica de potencial neuroeléctrico, asicomo las de análisis de densidad de corriente y de loca- lización de generadores cerebrales de potenciales evocados. Se concluye que es posible determinar la localización de zonas corticales activas durante procesos de percepción, motores y cognitivos, partiendo de un número li- mitado de hipótesis fisiológicas, en relación al comportamiento eléctrico de las neuronas corticales y segun un modelo eléctrico de la cabeza. Palabras Clave: Potenciales evocados, mapas de voltaje, análisis de densidad de corriente, localización de generadores cerebrales

Improving project management competencies of engineering students in the new ehea

The introduction of the new European Higher Education Area (EHEA) requires lecturers change or adapt their subject teaching plans and they have to apply a competency-based approach in different engineering degrees (industrial, computing, agriculture, forestry and mining). Because of this situation, several professors from the Universities of Huelva and Pablo Olavide of Seville, are conducting a set of innovative teaching experiences, aimed to find the most effective way to help students develop many of the project management skills, described in the IPMA ICB 3.0 international standard. In this communication, the fundamentals of these experiences, the main findings and conclusions are shown. It can be interesting to the lecturers and trainers who want to improve their teaching in project management. La implantación del nuevo espacio europeo de educación superior (EEES) obliga a que los profesores tengan que cambiar o adaptar los planes docentes de sus asignaturas y a adoptar un enfoque basado en competencias en las distintas titulaciones de ingeniería (industrial, informática, agrícola, forestal y minas). Ante esta situación varios profesores de las Universidades de Huelva y Pablo Olavide de Sevilla, estamos realizando una serie de experiencias de innovación docente, destinadas a encontrar la forma más eficaz de lograr que nuestros alumnos desarrollen bastantes de las competencias de dirección de proyectos descritas en el estándar internacional IPMA ICB 3.0. En esta comunicación se describen los fundamentos de dichas experiencias, se discuten sus resultados y se extraen conclusiones que pueden resultar de interés para cualquier profesor que quiera mejorar su docencia en dirección de proyectos

The environmental fate of organic pollutants through the global microbial metabolism

The production of new chemicals for industrial or therapeutic applications exceeds our ability to generate experimental data on their biological fate once they are released into the environment. Typically, mixtures of organic pollutants are freed into a variety of sites inhabited by diverse microorganisms, which structure complex multispecies metabolic networks. A machine learning approach has been instrumental to expose a correlation between the frequency of 149 atomic triads (chemotopes) common in organo-chemical compounds and the global capacity of microorganisms to metabolise them. Depending on the type of environmental fate defined, the system can correctly predict the biodegradative outcome for 73–87% of compounds. This system is available to the community as a web server (http://www.pdg.cnb.uam.es/BDPSERVER). The application of this predictive tool to chemical species released into the environment provides an early instrument for tentatively classifying the compounds as biodegradable or recalcitrant. Automated surveys of lists of industrial chemicals currently employed in large quantities revealed that herbicides are the group of functional molecules more difficult to recycle into the biosphere through the inclusive microbial metabolism

Structural evolution of the El Salvador Fault Zone: an evolving fault system within a volcanic arc.

The El Salvador Fault Zone, firstly identifiedafter the 13th February 2001 Mw 6.6 El Salvador earthquake, is a 150 km long,20 km wide right-lateral strike-slip fault system. Ruptures along the ESFZ arethought to be responsible for most of the historical destructive earthquakesalong the El Salvador Volcanic Arc, as well as for most of the currentseismicity of the area. In this work, we focus on the geological setting of thefault zone by describing its geomorphology and structure, using field-based observations,digital terrain modelling, and aerial photograph interpretation with the aim atcontributing to the understanding of the ESFZ slip behaviour. In particular, weaddress the ESFZ structure, kinematics and evolution with time. The ESFZ is a complex set of traces divided inmajor rupture segments characterized by different geometry, kinematics andgeomorphic expressions. Natural fault exposures and paleoseismic trenchesexcavated along the fault show that the strike slip deformation is distributedin several planes. Both geometry and kinematics of the fault zone areconsistent with a transtensional strain regime.The estimated geological slip-rate for the mainfault segments by paleoseismic trenches and displaced geomorphic features impliesa deficit in velocity of the fault compared to the available GPS velocitiesdata. The high vertical scarps of some fault segments would require quaternaryslip rates not coherent neither with measured GPS velocities nor with sliprates obtained from paleoseismic analysis. This mismatch suggests apre-existing graben structure that would be inherited from the previousregional roll back related extensional stage. We consider that the ESFZ isusing this relict structure to grow up along it. As a result, we propose amodel for ESFZ development consistent with all these observations.La Zona de Falla de El Salvador (ZFES) es un sistema de falla de desgarre dextral de 150 km de longitud y 20 de anchura, que fue identificada por primera vez después del terremoto de Mw 6.6 de El Salvador de febrero de 2001. La mayoría de la sismicidad y de los terremotos históricos destructivos producidos en el arco volcánico salvadoreño han sido producidos por la ruptura de la ZFES. Este trabajo se centra en el marco geológico de la zona de falla describiendo su geomorfología y su estructura a través de observaciones de campo, del estudio de los modelos digitales del terreno y de la interpretación de las fotografías aéreas, con el objetivo de avanzar en el conocimiento del comportamiento de la ZFES. En concreto trataremos del estudio de la estructura, la cinemática y la evolución de la ZFES. La ZFES es un complejo sistema de fallas divididas en varios segmentos que se diferencian en la geometría, la cinemática y la expresión geomorfológica. En los afloramientos de la falla, así como en las trincheras paleosismicas excavadas se ha observado que la deformación de desgarre está distribuida en varios planos y tanto la geometría como la cinemática de la zona de falla indican que la ZFES está bajo un régimen de deformación transtensional. La tasa de deformación estimada para los principales segmentos a través del estudio paleosísmico y del análisis de indicadores geomorfológicos desplazados nos muestra un déficit de velocidad para la falla si lo comparamos con los datos obtenidos por GPS. Estos datos tampoco ayudan a explicar la existencia de grandes escarpes verticales que se observan en algunos segmentos de la falla, y que requerirían tasas de deformación muy elevadas. Esta discrepancia sugiere la existencia de una estructura de graben preexistente que puedo ser producida por el “roll-back” de la placa y que creó una fase extensional en el arco volcánico. En este trabajo consideramos que la ZFES está actualmente desarrollándose sobre la estructura extensional relicta y como resultado proponemos un modelo estructural consistente con estas observaciones

Sublethal effects induced by captopril on Cyprinus carpio as determined by oxidative stress biomarkers

Artículo científicoTo our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate captopril-induced oxidative stress in fish, and specifically in the common carp Cyprinus carpio. At present, very few studies in the international literature evaluate the suble- thal effects of captopril on aquatic organisms such as fish, and available ones focus on determination of median lethal concentration in crustaceans and algae. Also, studies evaluating these effects do not make reference to the mechanism of action of this pharmaceutical or its toxicokinetics. This limits our knowledge of the character- ization of the sublethal effects of this medication and of its potential ecological impact. The present study aimed to evaluate the sublethal effects induced by three different concentrations of captopril, on C. carpio), by determi- nation of activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione perox- idase (GPx), as well as indicators of cellular oxidation: hydroperoxide content (HPC), lipid peroxidation (LPX) and protein carbonyl content (PCC). Specimens were exposed for 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h to three different cap- topril concentrations: 1 μg L− 1, 1 mg L− 1 and 100 mg L− 1 (the first one has been detected environmentally, the other two have been associated with diverse toxic effects in aquatic species), and brain, gill, liver, kidney and blood samples were evaluated. Significant increases in HPC and LPX were observed mainly in kidney and gill, while PCC also increased in brain. Modifications were found in the activity of SOD (mostly in kidney, brain and blood), CAT (all organs) and GPx (kidney and gill). In conclusion, captopril induces oxidative stress in C. carpi

Polyurethane-based bioadhesive synthesized from polyols derived from castor oil (Ricinus communis) and low concentration of chitosan

[EN] Polyurethane-based bioadhesive was synthesized with polyols derived from castor oil (chemically modified and unmodified) and hexamethylene diisocyanate with chitosan addition as a bioactive filler. The objective was to evaluate the effect of type of polyols with the incorporation of low-concentrations of chitosan on the mechanical and biological properties of the polymer to obtain suitable materials in the design of biomaterials. The results showed that increasing physical crosslinking increased the mechanical and adhesive properties. An in vitro cytotoxic test of polyurethanes showed cellular viability. The biocompatibility of the polyurethanes favors the adhesion of L929 cells at 6, 24, and 48 h. The polyurethanes showed bacterial inhibition depending on the polyol and percentage of chitosan. The antibacterial effect of the polyurethanes for Escherichia coli decreased 60-90% after 24 h. The mechanical and adhesive properties together with biological response in this research suggested these polyurethanes as external application tissue bioadhesives.This work was supported by the Universidad de La Sabana under grant number ING-176-2016 and by Colciencias under scholarship grant 617-2-2014. CIBER-BBN is an initiative funded by the VI National R&D&I Plan 2008-2011, Iniciativa Ingenio 2010, Consolider Program. CIBER Actions are financed by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III with assistance from the European Regional Development Fund. J.A.G.T. and A.V.L. acknowledge the support of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) through project DPI2015-65401-C3-2-R (including FEDER financial support). Finally, the authors thank the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia for assistance and advice with the equipment.Uscátegui, YL.; Arevalo-Alquichire, SJ.; Gómez-Tejedor, J.; Vallés Lluch, A.; Diaz, LE.; Valero, MF. (2017). Polyurethane-based bioadhesive synthesized from polyols derived from castor oil (Ricinus communis) and low concentration of chitosan. Journal of Materials Research. 32(19):3699-3711. https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2017.371S36993711321

Hydrolytic stability and biocompatibility on smooth muscle cells of polyethylene glycol-polycaprolactone-based polyurethanes

[EN] Interactions between smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and biomaterials must not result in phenotype changes as this may generate uncontrolled multiplication processes and occlusions in vascular grafts. The aim of this study was to relate the hydrolytic stability and biocompatibility of polyurethanes (PUs) on SMCs. A higher polycaprolactone (PCL) concentration was found to improve the hydrolytic stability of the material and the adhesion of SMCs. A material with 5% polyethylene glycol, 90% PCL, and 5% pentaerythritol presented high cell viability and adhesion, suggesting a contractile phenotype in SMCs depending on the morphology. Nevertheless, all PUs retained their elastic modulus over 120 days, similar to the collagen of native arteries (similar to 10 MPa). Furthermore, aortic SMCs did not present toxicity (viability over 80%) and demonstrated adherence without any abnormal cell multiplication processes, which is ideal for the function to be fulfiled in situ in the vascular grafts.The research and publication were supported by the Universidad de La Sabana (ING-205-2018) and the Minister of Science, Technology, and Innovation of the Republic of Colombia, MINCIENCAS (Contract number 80740-186-2019). M. M-G. would like to thank the Universidad de La Sabana for the scholarship for her master's studies. S. A-A. would like to thank MINCIENCIAS for the doctoral training scholarship (Grant 727-2015). The authors are thankful to Professor Ericsson Coy Barrera and his staff at Nueva Granada Military University for the access to the VarioskanT LUX multimode microplate reader. J. A. S. acknowledges the financial support by MINECO through FIS2017-83295-P, MAT2015-71070-REDC, MAT2016-75586-C4-1/2/3-P and the Ramon y Cajal Fellowship (RYC-201517482). CIBER-BBN is an initiative funded by the VI National R&D&I Plan 2008-2011, Iniciativa Ingenio 2010, Consolider Program. CIBER actions are financed by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III with assistance from the European Regional Development Fund.Morales-Gonzalez, M.; Arévalo-Alquichire, S.; Diaz, LE.; Sans-Tresserras, JÁ.; Vilariño, G.; Gómez-Tejedor, J.; Valero, MF. (2020). Hydrolytic stability and biocompatibility on smooth muscle cells of polyethylene glycol-polycaprolactone-based polyurethanes. Journal of Materials Research. 35(23-24):3276-3285. https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2020.303S327632853523-24Benrashid, E., McCoy, C. C., Youngwirth, L. M., Kim, J., Manson, R. J., Otto, J. C., & Lawson, J. H. (2016). Tissue engineered vascular grafts: Origins, development, and current strategies for clinical application. Methods, 99, 13-19. doi:10.1016/j.ymeth.2015.07.014Asadpour, S., Ai, J., Davoudi, P., Ghorbani, M., Jalali Monfared, M., & Ghanbari, H. (2018). 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