THE SITUATION OF MOLDOVAN MINORS AS VICTIMS OF TRAFFICKING FOR SEXUAL EXPLOITATION, ASSISTANCE AND LEGISLATION CONCERNING TRAFFICKING IN HUMAN BEINGS FOR THE PURPOSE OF SEXUAL EXPLOITATION IN EU MEMBER STATES

The research, examines the phenomenon of trafficking of moldavan minors for sexual exploitation in the European countries. The research underlines the necessity of harmonization of all the national legislations (up to now 27 different approaches pertaining to each EU member states) according the numerous directives formulated and reproposed by the European authorities

Natural acquisition of the second language (l2) through routine movements in children

Research is increasingly showing that the brains of people who know two or more languages are different from those who know just one – and those differences are all for better. (Kluger, J., Times Magazine 2013). Multilingual people, studies show, are better at reasoning, at multitasking, at grasping and reconciling conflicting ideas. A bilingual brain is proving to be more flexible and more resourceful. Gregg Roberts, a language–immersion specialist with the Utah State Office of Education, says, “Monolingualism is the illiteracy of the 21st century”, (Kluger, J., Times Magazine 2013). This preliminary project would demonstrate that acquiring a second language for children is possible through an alternative teaching proposal that integrates body into the natural language acquisition process thanks to a new didactic method fun and exciting which stimulates children to consider the second language more friendly and less hostile. The groups we are going to consider attend the last year of the infant school, they come from different schools, the first group, (the random group) attends regularly at school, traditional frontal lessons of the second language (L2), two hours a week; the second group, (experimental group) doesn’t learn the second language at school but will start our experimental programme which allows them to acquire the second language through routine movements during the gymnastic hours for one hour a week. In this way children start to decode the language and slowly become confident with it. This method consider that teaching the second language will become more difficult as children grow, and grow their ability to the movements: as movements become more complicated so will the vocabulary become more complex (Doron, H. ready-steady-move 2007-2013). Starting from this preliminary study we would demonstrate that the experimental group, compared to the random group, even if exposed to the second language one hour a week less than the random group, will be able to remember and perform routine movements if exposed to the second language and imitating the teacher: smiling, laughing, turning around, walking, reaching, sitting, running, and so forth. This methodology will be more efficient than a traditional teaching lesson because children will learn naturally and in their natural environment. Dr. Asher calls this "a language-body conversation" because the parent/teacher speaks and the infant answers with a physical response; in this case the teacher gets immediate feedback that the children understand when they give an appropriate physical response (Kovács, 2010). To conclude, we must consider that children are happy when they can play, move and sing, all better if these activities are combined. There is a saying that a child does not do what he has learnt, but rather the contrary: he learns what he has already done (Kovács, 2010). That’s why in early language acquisition, activities linked with movements, competitions, dance and group games are very important. All these need time to develop receptive skills (understanding based on listening) before the productive use of the language appears (Kovacs, 2010). For the future we would refine the method, consider a wider group of children and of different ages, and experiment the natural language acquisition also in specific motor disciplines

The Regional Earth System Model RegCM‐ES: Evaluation of the Mediterranean Climate and Marine Biogeochemistry

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Gender influence on professional satisfaction and gender issue perception among young oncologists. A survey of the Young Oncologists Working Group of the Italian Association of Medical Oncology (AIOM)

Background: The professional gender gap is increasingly recognised in oncology. We explored gender issues perception and gender influence on professional satisfaction/gratification among young Italian oncologists. Methods: Italian oncologists aged 6440 years and members of the Italian Association of Medical Oncology were invited to participate in an online survey addressing workload/burnout, satisfaction in professional abilities and relations, relevant factors for professional gratification, and gender barriers. \u3c72 test for general association or \u3c72 test for trend was used to analyse the data. Results: 201 young oncologists participated in the survey: 67% female, 71% aged 30-40 years, 41% still in training and 82% without children. Women and men were equally poorly satisfied by the relations with people occupying superior hierarchical positions. There was heterogeneity between women and men in current (p=0.011) and expected future (p=0.007) satisfaction in professional abilities: women were more satisfied by current empathy and relations with colleagues and were more confident in their future managerial and team leader skills. The most important elements for professional gratification indicated by all participants were, in general, work-life balance (36%) and intellectual stimulation/research (32%); specifically for women, work-life balance (48%) and intellectual stimulation/research (20%); and specifically for men, career (29%) and social prestige/recognition (26%). Heterogeneity within the same gender emerged. For example, the elements indicated by men as the most important were intellectual stimulation/research (39%) and work-life balance (21%) in general, versus social prestige/recognition (24%) and career (24%), respectively, specifically for men (p<0.0001). More women versus men perceived gender issue as an actual problem (60% vs 38%, p=0.03); men underestimated gender barriers to women's career (p=0.011). Conclusions: Satisfaction in professional abilities varied by gender. Work-life balance is important for both women and men. Stereotypes about gender issues may be present. Gender issue is an actual problem for young oncologists, mostly perceived by women

A dynamic model for sodium intoxication unravels salt tolerance in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) rootstocks

A correct selection of salt-tolerant plants should consider the relative effects of the various existing tolerance mechanisms. When toxic ions, like Na+, reach the leaves, they affect the photosynthetic apparatus, reducing plant growth and performance. Leaf concentration of toxic ions depends on exclusion efficiencies at root level, or compartmentation in organs other than leaves. On the other hand, flow within the plant depends on leaf area, transpiration rate, and soil ion concentrations. From this perspective, in a feedback process, leaf area may be, simultaneously, cause and consequence of salt toxicity. To unravel how this feedback process influences salinity damage in grapevines, a dynamic model of Na+ toxicity was developed. The theoretical model proposed a way to estimate plant exclusion and compartmentation efficiencies. Parametrization was based on a 60-days trial with potted cv. Malbec vines (Vitis vinifera L.), own-rooted and grafted onto 101-14Mgt, 1103P and Cereza, under three soil NaCl levels (0, 50 and 100 mM). The model simulated different grapevine rootstock responses to different salinity levels. These simulations evidenced the key role of Na+ exclusion in long-term tolerance. Stomatal adjustment, compartmentation and rootstock conferred vigor showed relatively minor effects.Una correcta selección de plantas tolerantes a la sal requiere una evaluación del peso relativo de los diferentes mecanismos de tolerancia. Cuando los iones tóxicos, como el Na+, alcanzan el tejido foliar, causan lesiones en el aparato fotosintético, lo que afecta el crecimiento y el rendimiento de la planta. La concentración foliar de iones tóxicos depende de la eficiencia de la planta para excluir el flujo de iones tóxicos desde el suelo a nivel de la raíz, o para compartimentar estos iones en órganos distintos a las hojas. Por otro lado, el flujo de sustancias tóxicas dentro de la planta también depende, entre otros factores, del área foliar, la velocidad de transpiración y la concentración de los iones tóxicos en la solución del suelo. Desde esta perspectiva, en un proceso de retroalimentación, el área foliar puede ser simultáneamente una causa y consecuencia de la toxicidad de la sal. Para dilucidar cómo este proceso de retroalimentación influye en el daño por salinidad en las vides, se desarrolló un modelo dinámico de toxicidad para Na+. El modelo tuvo en cuenta este marco teórico y propuso una forma de calcular las eficiencias de exclusión y compartimentación de tóxicos de la planta. Para parametrizar el modelo, se llevó a cabo un ensayo de 60 días de cv. Malbec (Vitis vinifera L.) a pie franco e injertadas en 101-14Mgt, 1103P y Cereza, bajo tres niveles de NaCl (0, 50 y 100 mM). El modelo se usó para simular el comportamiento de distintos portainjertos de vid bajo diferentes niveles de salinidad. Estas simulaciones nos permitieron comprender el papel clave de la exclusión de Na + en la tolerancia a la salinidad a largo plazo. El ajuste estomático, la compartimentación y el vigor conferido por el portainjerto mostraron menores efectos.EEA MendozaFil: Vila, Hernan Felix. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Di Filippo, Marina Laura. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Venier, Matias. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Cátedra de Química Agrícola; ArgentinaFil: Hugalde, Ines Pilar. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Filippini, Maria Flavia. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Cátedra de Química Agrícola; Argentin

The risk of late or advanced presentation of HIV infected patients is still high, associated factors evolve but impact on overall mortality is vanishing over calendar years: Results from the Italian MASTER Cohort

BACKGROUND: We aimed at evaluating frequency and factors associated with late presentation and advanced HIV disease and excess risk of death due to these conditions from 1985 to 2013 among naïve HIV infected patients enrolled in the Italian MASTER Cohort. METHODS: All antiretroviral naive adults with available CD4+ T cell count after diagnosis of HIV infection were included. Multivariable logistic regression analysis investigated factors associated either with late presentation or advanced HIV disease. Probabilities of survival were estimated both at year-1 and at year-5 according to the Kaplan-Meier method. Flexible parametric models were used to evaluate changes in risk of death overtime according to late presentation and advanced HIV disease. The analyses were stratified for calendar periods. RESULTS: 19,391 patients were included (54 % were late presenters and 37.6 % were advanced presenters). At multivariable analysis, the following factors were positively associated with late presentation: male gender (OR = 1.29), older age (≥55 years vs. <25 years; OR = 7.45), migration (OR = 1.54), and heterosexual risk factor for HIV acquisition (OR = 1.52) or IDU (OR = 1.27) compared to homosexual risk. Survival rates at year-5 increased steadily and reached 92.1 % for late presenters vs. 97.4 % for non-late presenters enrolled in the period 2004-2009. Using flexible parametric models we found a sustained reduction of hazard ratios over time for any cause deaths between late and non-late presenters over time. Similar results were found for advanced HIV disease. CONCLUSION: Screening polices need to be urgently implemented, particularly in most-at-risk categories for late presentation, such as migrants, older patients and those with heterosexual intercourse or IDU as risk factors for HIV acquisition. Although in recent years the impact of late presentation on survival decreased, about 10 % of patients diagnosed in more recent years remains at increased risk of death over a long-term follow-up