Producciones triunfo film el cine silente en caracas, 1924-1928.

El trabajo analizó la filmografía de Producciones Triunfo Film bajo el enfoque historiográfico. Igualmente, se reconstruye la trayectoria cinematográfica de Edgar Anzola y Jacobo Capriles por ser los fundadores y directores técnicos de la productora venezolana Triunfo Film. El periodo en estudio comprende el cuatrienio entre 1924 y 1928 en Caracas. Desde una perspectiva microhistórica, se privilegió la consulta y el análisis crítico de fuentes primarias. Asimismo, se ha analizado el contexto de las complejas relaciones de poder y los distintos momentos de producción, distribución y consumo de los filmes. Para finalizar, a propósito de la información localizada sobre la puesta en escena, se han inferido numerosas particularidades que sitúan, el cine de Triunfo Film, en estricta dependencia de la literatura y la fotografía nacionales

Alveolar Overdistension as a Cause of Lung Injury: Differences among Three Animal Species

This study analyses characteristics of lung injuries produced by alveolar overdistension in three animal species. Mechanical ventilation at normal tidal volume (10 mL/Kg) and high tidal volume (50 mL/Kg) was applied for 30 min in each species. Data were gathered on wet/dry weight ratio, histological score, and area of alveolar collapse. Five out of six rabbits with high tidal volume developed tension pneumothorax, and the rabbit results were therefore not included in the histological analysis. Lungs from the pigs and rats showed minimal histological lesions. Pigs ventilated with high tidal volume had significantly greater oedema, higher neutrophil infiltration, and higher percentage area of alveolar collapse than rats ventilated with high tidal volume. We conclude that rabbits are not an appropriate species for in vivo studies of alveolar overdistension due to their fragility. Although some histological lesions are observed in pigs and rats, the lesions do not appear to be relevant

Hyperspectral sensors as a management tool to prevent the invasion of the exotic cordgrass "Spartina densiflora" in the Doñana wetlands

We test the use of hyperspectral sensors for the early detection of the invasive denseflowered cordgrass (Spartina densiflora Brongn.) in the Guadalquivir River marshes, Southwestern Spain. We flew in tandem a CASI-1500 (368–1052 nm) and an AHS (430–13,000 nm) airborne sensors in an area with presence of S. densiflora. We simplified the processing of hyperspectral data (no atmospheric correction and no data-reduction techniques) to test if these treatments were necessary for accurate S. densiflora detection in the area. We tested several statistical signal detection algorithms implemented in ENVI software as spectral target detection techniques (matched filtering, constrained energy minimization, orthogonal subspace projection, target-constrained interference minimized filter, and adaptive coherence estimator) and compared them to the well-known spectral angle mapper, using spectra extracted from ground-truth locations in the images. The target S. densiflora was easy to detect in the marshes by all algorithms in images of both sensors. The best methods (adaptive coherence estimator and target-constrained interference minimized filter) on the best sensor (AHS) produced 100% discrimination (Kappa = 1, AUC = 1) at the study site and only some decline in performance when extrapolated to a new nearby area. AHS outperformed CASI in spite of having a coarser spatial resolution (4-m vs. 1-m) and lower spectral resolution in the visible and near-infrared range, but had a better signal to noise ratio. The larger spectral range of AHS in the short-wave and thermal infrared was of no particular advantage. Our conclusions are that it is possible to use hyperspectral sensors to map the early spread S. densiflora in the Guadalquivir River marshes. AHS is the most suitable airborne hyperspectral sensor for this task and the signal processing techniques target-constrained interference minimized filter (TCIMF) and adaptive coherence estimator (ACE) are the best performing target detection techniques that can be employed operationally with a simplified processing of hyperspectral images.This study has been funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the research projects HYDRA (No. CGL2006-02247/BOS) and HYDRA2 (CGL2009-09801/BOS), by the National Parks Authority (Organismo Autonomo de Parques Nacionales) of the Spanish Ministry of Environment to project OAPN 042/2007, and by funding from the European Union (EU) Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 641762 to ECOPOTENTIAL project. The Espacio Natural de Donana provided permits for field work in protected areas with restricted access. We are grateful to the Instituto Nacional de Tecnica Aeroespacial (INTA), Spain, for performing the airborne campaign and the geometric correction of the images. J.B. has to acknowledge a sabbatical stay at Pye Laboratory of the Commonwealth Scientific and Research Organization (CSIRO) Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Australia, and at the Climate Change Cluster (C3) of the University of Technology Sydney, Australia, funded by the Spanish Ministry of Education, during data analysis and writing of this paper. This publication is a contribution from CEIMAR and also a contribution from CEICAMBIO

CARWASH WASTEWATERS: CHARACTERISTICS, VOLUMES, AND TREATABILITY BY GRAVITY OIL SEPARATION

The aim of this research was to determine the characteristics, volumes and treatability of Full-service carwash wastewaters in Toluca (Mexico State). The average water use for Exterior-only wash was 50 L per small-size car and 170 L per medium-size vehicle (pick up, van or light truck). The Full-service wash (exterior, engine and chassis) required 170 L per small-size car and 300 L per light truck. Wastewaters were generally emulsified and contained high contaminant loads (in average, 1100 mg/L oil and grease, 4500 mg/L COD and 3500 mg/L Total Suspended Solids). Gravity oil separators used in the car washing facilities were able to reduce the pollutant loads (showing a 80 % efficiency) but usually not enough to meet the sewer discharge standards or reuse requirements. The data provided by the study are useful for screening the applicable technologies and setting the design capacity of the reclaim systems that are needed in the Mexican car washing sector

Complete response under sorafenib in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: Relationship with dermatologic adverse events.

The clinical benefit of sorafenib in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been undervalued due to the absence of complete responses, even though patients who develop early dermatologic reactions have shown to have a positive outcome. In addition, sorafenib is described as an antiangiogenic drug, but it also acts on immunological cells. Thus, the goal of this study was to assess the complete response rate in a retrospective cohort of HCC patients treated with sorafenib and to describe the profile of the patients who achieve complete response for identifying factors related to this event and their connection with the immunological profile of sorafenib. Ten Spanish centers submitted cases of complete response under sorafenib. The baseline characteristics, development of early dermatologic reactions, and cause of treatment discontinuation were annotated. Radiological images taken before starting sorafenib, at first control, after starting sorafenib, at the time of complete response, and at least 1 month after treatment were centrally reviewed. Of the 1119 patients studied, 20 had been classified as complete responders by the centers, but eight of these patients were excluded after central review. Ten patients had complete disappearance of all tumor sites, and two had just a small residual fibrotic scar. Thus, 12 patients were classified as complete responders (58% HCV, median age 59.7 years, 83.4% Child-Pugh class A, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0 91.7%, and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage C 83.3%). The median overall survival and treatment duration were 85.8 and 40.1 months, respectively. All but one patient developed early dermatologic reactions, and seven patients discontinued sorafenib after achieving complete response due to adverse events, patient decision, or liver decompensation. CONCLUSION: Complete response affects 1% of patients with HCC who are treated with sorafenib. The association of complete response with early dermatologic reactions supports the role of a specific immune/inflammatory patient profile in the improved response to sorafenib

Enmienda de un suelo de mina con subproductos : efecto sobre la biomasa microbiana determinada mediante el uso de los ácidos grasos de los fosfolípidos

In the present work, the effect of two by-products (pine bark and crushed mussel shell) on microbial biomass and community structure was studied in a soil from a mine tailing located in a copper mine. In a laboratory experiment, different doses (0, 12, 24, 48, 96 and 192 Mg ha-1) of pine bark, crushed mussel shell or mixtures of both by-products were added to the soil. The amended soil samples were incubated for one year at 60% of water holding capacity, and then 33 phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) were extracted from these samples and quantified. The PLFAs concentrations were used for different microbial biomass estimations: total biomass, bacterial biomass, fungal biomass, gram-positive (G+) biomass and gram-negative (G-) biomass. The addition of crushed mussel had no significant effects on the total soil microbial biomass, either bacterial of fungal biomass. However, the addition of pine bark increased the total microbial biomass in the soil (up to 40%), mainly due to increases in the fungal biomass (it increased 1600%). No synergistic effects were observed when the soil was amended with both, pine bark and crushed mussel shell. The main community structure changes were due to the addition of pine bark to the soil, and were also due to modifications in fungal communities. Our results suggest that the microbial biomass was mainly limited in the mine soil by low organic matter concentrations, and therefore, practices increasing the amount of soil organic matter should be priorities for soil reclamation.En el presente trabajo se estudió el efecto de dos subproductos (corteza de pino y concha de mejillón triturada) sobre la biomasa y estructura microbiana de un suelo procedente de una escombrera localizada en una mina de cobre. En un experimento realizado en laboratorio fueron añadidas al suelo diferentes dosis (0, 12, 24, 48, 96 and 192 Mg ha-1) de corteza de pino, concha de mejillón triturada y mezclas de ambos subproductos. Las muestras de suelo enmendado fueron incubadas durante un año al 60% de la capacidad de campo, y posteriormente 33 ácidos grasos de los fosfolípidos (PLFAs) fueron extraídos de estas muestras y cuantificados. La concentración de PLFAs fue utilizada para realizar distintas estimaciones de la biomasa microbiana: biomasa total, biomasa bacteriana, biomasa fúngica, biomasa de bacterias gram + y biomasa de bacterias gram -. La adición de concha de mejillón triturada no tuvo efectos significativos sobre la biomasa total ni sobre la biomasa bacteriana o fúngica. Sin embargo, la adición de corteza de pino al suelo incrementó la biomasa total del suelo (hasta un 40%), debido mayormente al incremento de la biomasa fúngica (se incrementó un 1600%). Tampoco se observaron efectos sinérgicos cuando el suelo fue enmendado con una mezcla de corteza de pino y concha de mejillón triturada. Los mayores cambios en la estructura de las comunidades microbianas fueron debidos a la adición de corteza de pino al suelo, y fueron además debidas a cambios en las comunidades fúngicas. Nuestros resultados sugieren que la biomasa microbiana del suelo de mina está mayormente limitada por la concentración de materia orgánica y, por tanto, deben ser priorizadas prácticas de manejo que contribuyan a incrementarla para la rehabilitación de este tipo de suelos.Neste trabalho foi estudado o efeito de dois subprodutos (casca de pinheiro e concha de mexilhão triturada) na biomassa e estrutura microbiana de um solo procedente de uma escombreira localizada numa mina de cobre. Numa experiência de laboratório, doses diferentes (0, 12, 24, 48, 96 e 192 Mg ha-1) de casca de pinheiro, concha de mexilhão triturada e misturas de ambos os subprodutos foram adicionados ao solo. Amostras de solo corrigido com os resíduos foram incubadas durante um ano a 60% da sua capacidade de retenção de água, e subsequentemente, 33 ácidos gordos dos fosfolípidos (PLFAs) foram extraídos a partir destas amostras e quantificados. A concentração de PLFAs foi usada para estimar vários tipos de biomassa microbiana: biomassa total, biomassa bacteriana, biomassa fúngica, biomassa de bactérias gram positivas e biomassa de bactérias gram negativas. A adição de concha de mexilhão triturada não teve nenhum efeito significativo na biomassa total ou na biomassa bacteriana ou fúngica. Porém, a adição de casca de pinheiro aumentou a biomassa microbiana do solo (até 40%), principalmente devido ao aumento da biomassa fúngica (a qual aumentou de 1600%). Não foi observado nenhum efeito de sinergismo quando o solo foi corrigido com uma mistura de casca de pinheiro e concha de mexilhão triturada. As maiores alterações na estrutura das comunidades microbianas foram produzidas pela adição de casca de pinheiro ao solo, as quais resultaram em alterações nas comunidades fúngicas. Os resultados sugerem que a biomassa microbiana do solo de mina é, maioritariamente limitada pela concentração de matéria orgânica. Assim, práticas que contribuam para o seu aumento devem ser prioritárias para a reabilitação deste tipo de solos

Teor em cobre e sua distribuição em solos de vinha de Betanzos (Corunha, Espanha)

The sustained use of cupric compounds in grape production has contributed to a pronounced Cu accumulation in vineyard soils. We studied 32 surface (0-20 cm) vineyard soil samples from the Atlantic-influenced NW Iberian Peninsula, in order to assess the Cu levels in these soils. The total Cu (CuT) contents were high and variable (between 63-730 mg kg-1), similar to those previously found in the Ribeira Sacra and O Ribeiro denominations of origin, which were until now the areas with the highest CuT concentrations detected in vineyard soils of the NW Iberian Peninsula. Most Cu in the solid phase of the soil was bound to organic matter (18-373 mg kg-1), contrary to what happens in natural soils or with elements from natural sources, such as Zn, for which the residual fraction is quantitatively the most important. The exchangeable Cu fraction was the fraction that showed the highest geochemical mobility and its variance in the studied soils was mainly related to CuT and, secondly, to exchangeable Ca levels. The results of fractionation were clearly different from those of Zn, an element with a mainly natural origin, which was characterized by a dominant residual fraction. Finally, agricultural practices aimed at maintaining or increasing the amount of organic matter in vineyard soils should be encouraged, due to its role in decreasing the eventual toxic effects of high Cu levels both on plants and on soil microorganisms.El uso sostenido de compuestos de cobre para la producción de uva ha contribuido a la acumulación pronunciadade Cu en suelos de viñedo. Se estudiaron 32 muestras super!ciales (0-20 cm) de suelos dedicados al cultivo de la vid en una zona de in"uencia atlántica en el NW de la Península Ibérica. Los contenidos de cobre total (CuT) fueron, en general, altos y muy variables (entre 63-730 mg kg-1). Los valores son similares a los encontrados en las denominaciones de origen Ribeira Sacra y O Ribeiro, que eran las zonas vitivinícolas cuyos suelos de viñedo presentaban el mayor contenido conocido de CuT del NW peninsular hasta el momento. La distribución del Cu en la fase sólida del suelo indica que la fracción mayoritaria es la unida a la materia orgánica (18-373 mg kg-1), a diferencia de lo que ocurre en otros suelos naturales o con elementos procedentes de fuentes naturales como el Zn, donde la fracción residual es la más importante. La fracción intercambiable de Cu (CuE) fue la que mostró una mayor movilidad geoquímica y su varianza estaba principalmente relacionada con el CuT y, en menor medida, con el Ca intercambiable. Cuando se compara con un elemento predominantemente de origen natural, como es el Zn, la distribución también es muy diferente, ya que la fracción residual es la mayoritaria para el Zn (mientras que era la unida a la materia orgánica en el caso del Cu). Finalmente, las prácticas agrícolas encaminadas a mantener o mejorar la presencia de materia orgánica en los suelos de viñedo son de especial relevancia, puesto que contribuyen disminuir los posibles efectos tóxicos de los altos contenidos de Cu, tanto en la vid como en la actividad de los microorganismos del suelo.O uso continuado de produtos cúpricos na produção vitivinícola tem conduzido a uma intensa acumulação de cobre nos solos de vinha. Neste estudo foram analisadas 32 amostras super!ciais (0-20 cm) de solos vitícolas numa área de in"uência atlântica do NW da Península Ibérica. O teor de cobre total (CuT) foi, em geral alto e muito variável (entre 63-730 mg kg-1). Os valores obtidos são semelhantes aos encontrados nas denominações de origem de Ribeira Sacra e O Ribeiro, que são as áreas vitivinícolas cujos solos até hoje apresentaram o maior teor de CuT conhecido do NW Peninsular. A distribuição de Cu na fase sólida do solo indica que a fracção principal está ligada à matéria orgânica (18-373 mg kg-1), ao contrário do que acontece nos outros solos naturais ou com elementos derivados de fontes naturais, como o Zn, onde a fracção residual é quantitativamente a mais importante. A fração correspondente ao cobre de troca (CuE) foi a que apresentou maior mobilidade geoquimica e a sua variação nos solos estudados está essencialmente relacionada com o CuT e, em menor grau, com o Ca de troca. Quando comparado com um elemento principalmente de origem natural, como é o Zn, a distribuição é também muito diferente na medida em que a fracção residual é a maioritária para o Zn (enquanto que no caso de Cu é maioritária a fração ligada à matéria orgânica). Finalmente, as práticas agrícolas com o objetivo de manter ou melhorar a presença de matéria orgânica em solos de vinha são particularmente importantes e devem ser incentivadas, uma vez que ajudam a diminuir os possíveis efeitos tóxicos de altos teores de Cu, nas videira e na atividade dos microrganismos do soloMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad | Ref. CGL2012-36805-C02-0

Correção de um solo de mina com subprodutos: efeito sobre a biomassa microbiana determinada através da utilização de ácidos gordos dos fosfolípidos

In the present work, the effect of two by-products (pine bark and crushed mussel shell) on microbial biomass and community structure was studied in a soil from a mine tailing located in a copper mine. In a laboratory experiment, different doses (0, 12, 24, 48, 96 and 192 Mg ha-1) of pine bark, crushed mussel shell or mixtures of both by-products were added to the soil. The amended soil samples were incubated for one year at 60% of water holding capacity, and then 33 phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) were extracted from these samples and quantified. The PLFAs concentrations were used for different microbial biomass estimations: total biomass, bacterial biomass, fungal biomass, gram-positive (G+) biomass and gram-negative (G-) biomass. The addition of crushed mussel had no significant effects on the total soil microbial biomass, either bacterial of fungal biomass. However, the addition of pine bark increased the total microbial biomass in the soil (up to 40%), mainly due to increases in the fungal biomass (it increased 1600%). No synergistic effects were observed when the soil was amended with both, pine bark and crushed mussel shell. The main community structure changes were due to the addition of pine bark to the soil, and were also due to modifications in fungal communities. Our results suggest that the microbial biomass was mainly limited in the mine soil by low organic matter concentrations, and therefore, practices increasing the amount of soil organic matter should be priorities for soil reclamation.En el presente trabajo se estudió el efecto de dos subproductos (corteza de pino y concha de mejillón triturada) sobre la biomasa y estructura microbiana de un suelo procedente de una escombrera localizada en una mina de cobre. En un experimento realizado en laboratorio fueron añadidas al suelo diferentes dosis (0, 12, 24, 48, 96 and 192 Mg ha-1) de corteza de pino, concha de mejillón triturada y mezclas de ambos subproductos. Las muestras de suelo enmendado fueron incubadas durante un año al 60% de la capacidad de campo, y posteriormente 33 ácidos grasos de los fosfolípidos (PLFAs) fueron extraídos de estas muestras y cuantificados. La concentración de PLFAs fue utilizada para realizar distintas estimaciones de la biomasa microbiana: biomasa total, biomasa bacteriana, biomasa fúngica, biomasa de bacterias gram + y biomasa de bacterias gram -. La adición de concha de mejillón triturada no tuvo efectos significativos sobre la biomasa total ni sobre la biomasa bacteriana o fúngica. Sin embargo, la adición de corteza de pino al suelo incrementó la biomasa total del suelo (hasta un 40%), debido mayormente al incremento de la biomasa fúngica (se incrementó un 1600%). Tampoco se observaron efectos sinérgicos cuando el suelo fue enmendado con una mezcla de corteza de pino y concha de mejillón triturada. Los mayores cambios en la estructura de las comunidades microbianas fueron debidos a la adición de corteza de pino al suelo, y fueron además debidas a cambios en las comunidades fúngicas. Nuestros resultados sugieren que la biomasa microbiana del suelo de mina está mayormente limitada por la concentración de materia orgánica y, por tanto, deben ser priorizadas prácticas de manejo que contribuyan a incrementarla para la rehabilitación de este tipo de suelos.Neste trabalho foi estudado o efeito de dois subprodutos (casca de pinheiro e concha de mexilhão triturada) na biomassa e estrutura microbiana de um solo procedente de uma escombreira localizada numa mina de cobre. Numa experiência de laboratório, doses diferentes (0, 12, 24, 48, 96 e 192 Mg ha-1) de casca de pinheiro, concha de mexilhão triturada e misturas de ambos os subprodutos foram adicionados ao solo. Amostras de solo corrigido com os resíduos foram incubadas durante um ano a 60% da sua capacidade de retenção de água, e subsequentemente, 33 ácidos gordos dos fosfolípidos (PLFAs) foram extraídos a partir destas amostras e quantificados. A concentração de PLFAs foi usada para estimar vários tipos de biomassa microbiana: biomassa total, biomassa bacteriana, biomassa fúngica, biomassa de bactérias gram positivas e biomassa de bactérias gram negativas. A adição de concha de mexilhão triturada não teve nenhum efeito significativo na biomassa total ou na biomassa bacteriana ou fúngica. Porém, a adição de casca de pinheiro aumentou a biomassa microbiana do solo (até 40%), principalmente devido ao aumento da biomassa fúngica (a qual aumentou de 1600%). Não foi observado nenhum efeito de sinergismo quando o solo foi corrigido com uma mistura de casca de pinheiro e concha de mexilhão triturada. As maiores alterações na estrutura das comunidades microbianas foram produzidas pela adição de casca de pinheiro ao solo, as quais resultaram em alterações nas comunidades fúngicas. Os resultados sugerem que a biomassa microbiana do solo de mina é, maioritariamente limitada pela concentração de matéria orgânica. Assim, práticas que contribuam para o seu aumento devem ser prioritárias para a reabilitação deste tipo de solos.S

Propuesta de Startups con el Modelo Canvas de los estudiantes de Planeamiento Estratégico I de la Facultad de Ingeniería - UNTRM

A nivel internacional los startups tienen un impacto importante en la economía y calidad de vida de la población, por ello es importante comprender su ecosistema. En esta investigación se planteó el objetivo general: analizar la propuesta de startups con el Modelo Canvas de los estudiantes de Planeamiento Estratégico I de la FISME - UNTRM – Bagua. Metodología: se han seleccionado 28 documentos, realizados en el periodo 2017 - 2022; incluyendo: artículos científicos, artículos de revisión e información de sitios web de organizaciones reconocidas. Las palabras claves utilizadas en las búsquedas fueron: Startup, inversores ángeles y modelo Canvas. Resultados: se presentaron 5 casos de estudio, que comprenden la propuesta de startups con el modelo Canvas de los estudiantes de Planeamiento Estratégico I de la FISME - UNTRM – BAGUA. Estos fueron: Productos de belleza y salud con aceite de coco, Fast delivery con drones, Vivero digital Bagua, Amazonas delivery y Locattle dispositivo de rastreo. La propuesta de startups ha sido realizada con el fin de ofrecer soluciones a problemas identificados por los estudiantes con la asesoría del docente del curso. Conclusiones: cada día cobra mayor importancia la creación de startups en el Perú, por lo que resulta necesario incrementar el apoyo. Los inversores ángeles juegan un papel importante en el financiamiento de los startups y el acompañamiento sobre todo en las primeras fases. Cada vez hay una mayor presencia de estos inversores en el Perú. El modelo Canvas resulta fundamental para los emprendedores en el desarrollo de sus proyectos, por lo que debemos fomentar su difusión en la academia. Los 5 casos de estudio, que comprenden la propuesta de startups con el modelo Canvas de los estudiantes de Planeamiento Estratégico I de la FISME - UNTRM – BAGUA, demuestran innovación y actitud emprendedora

Memoria de ejecución del proyecto de difusión y promoción del Grado en Ingeniería Geológica

Memoria ID-0225. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2014-2015