38 research outputs found
Transfer Learning for the Prediction of Entity Modifiers in Clinical Text: Application to Opioid Use Disorder Case Detection
Background: The semantics of entities extracted from a clinical text can be
dramatically altered by modifiers, including entity negation, uncertainty,
conditionality, severity, and subject. Existing models for determining
modifiers of clinical entities involve regular expression or features weights
that are trained independently for each modifier.
Methods: We develop and evaluate a multi-task transformer architecture design
where modifiers are learned and predicted jointly using the publicly available
SemEval 2015 Task 14 corpus and a new Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) data set that
contains modifiers shared with SemEval as well as novel modifiers specific for
OUD. We evaluate the effectiveness of our multi-task learning approach versus
previously published systems and assess the feasibility of transfer learning
for clinical entity modifiers when only a portion of clinical modifiers are
shared.
Results: Our approach achieved state-of-the-art results on the ShARe corpus
from SemEval 2015 Task 14, showing an increase of 1.1% on weighted accuracy,
1.7% on unweighted accuracy, and 10% on micro F1 scores.
Conclusions: We show that learned weights from our shared model can be
effectively transferred to a new partially matched data set, validating the use
of transfer learning for clinical text modifiersComment: 18 pages, 2 figures, 6 tables. To be submitted to the Journal of
Biomedical Semantic
Alveolar hypoxia, alveolar macrophages, and systemic inflammation
Diseases featuring abnormally low alveolar PO2 are frequently accompanied by systemic effects. The common presence of an underlying inflammatory component suggests that inflammation may contribute to the pathogenesis of the systemic effects of alveolar hypoxia. While the role of alveolar macrophages in the immune and defense functions of the lung has been long known, recent evidence indicates that activation of alveolar macrophages causes inflammatory disturbances in the systemic microcirculation. The purpose of this review is to describe observations in experimental animals showing that alveolar macrophages initiate a systemic inflammatory response to alveolar hypoxia. Evidence obtained in intact animals and in primary cell cultures indicate that alveolar macrophages activated by hypoxia release a mediator(s) into the circulation. This mediator activates perivascular mast cells and initiates a widespread systemic inflammation. The inflammatory cascade includes activation of the local renin-angiotensin system and results in increased leukocyte-endothelial interactions in post-capillary venules, increased microvascular levels of reactive O2 species; and extravasation of albumin. Given the known extrapulmonary responses elicited by activation of alveolar macrophages, this novel phenomenon could contribute to some of the systemic effects of conditions featuring low alveolar PO2
Management of intra-abdominal infections : recommendations by the WSES 2016 consensus conference
This paper reports on the consensus conference on the management of intra-abdominal infections (IAIs) which was held on July 23, 2016, in Dublin, Ireland, as a part of the annual World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) meeting. This document covers all aspects of the management of IAIs. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation recommendation is used, and this document represents the executive summary of the consensus conference findings.Peer reviewe