Granulocyte transfusion

Neutropenic patients are susceptible to severe bacterial and fungal infections. Besides the antibiotic therapy it is possible to transfuse granulocyte to these patients to control septicemia. The granulocytes are colected from normal donors submitted to corticosteroids and/ or citokines (G-CSF) administration in order to increase the number of the granulocytes in peripheral blood. The minimal recommended dose is 1 x 1010 granulocytes per transfusion.Pacientes neutropênicos são susceptíveis a infecção bacteriana e fúngica. Além da antibioticoterapia, pode-se transfundir granulócitos a esses pacientes. A coleta de granulócitos é feita de doadores normais aos quais foram administrados corticosteróides e/ou fatores de crescimento (G-CSF) para induzir neutrofilia em sangue periférico e aumentar o rendimento da coleta por aférese. A dose transfusional recomendada é de, pelo menos, 1 x 1010/ dia, até o controle da infecção

Anemia: definition, epidemiology, pathophysiology, classification, clinical picture, and treatment

Anemia é a redução da massa de hemoglobina e, portanto, da massa eritrocitária. Sua consequência é a hipóxia tecidual. A anemia é a manifestação de uma doença de base que muitas vezes está oculta. Ela afeta mais de um bilhão de pessoas em todo o mundo. A anemia pode ser classificada de várias formas, mas, na prática clínica, a mais usada é de acordo com o volume corpuscular médio das hemácias. Os dois tipos mais prevalentes de anemia são a ferropriva e a decorrente da doença inflamatória. A anemia ferropriva decorre do esgotamento das reservas de ferro, na maioria das vezes, por perda crônica de sangue, por exemplo, por fluxo menstrual aumentado e sangramento por trato gastrointestinal. A anemia da doença inflamatória decorre do bloqueio do ferro no sistema reticuloendotelial, da redução da eritropoese e da menor sobrevida das hemácias. A ferritina está diminuída na anemia ferropriva e aumentada na anemia da doença inflamatória. Outros tipos mais comuns de anemia são a anemia da gestação, a secundária à insuficiência renal e a do idoso. O tratamento da anemia depende de sua causa, como a reposição de ferro ou de eritropoetina, entre outros. A transfusão de hemácias pode ser necessária nas situações mais graves, independentemente do tipo da anemia, ou em caráter periódico e perene, como na talassemia maior. Nesse artigo de revisão, discute-se a prevalência da anemia, sua classificação, fisiopatologia, os tipos mais comuns e o tratamento.Anemia is the reduction of hemoglobin mass and, consequently, of erythrocyte mass. Its result is tissue hypoxia. Anemia is the manifestation of an underlying illness, frequently not apparent. It affects more than one billion people around the world. Anemia can be classified based on several characteristics, however, in daily practice, the most used is the one based on the mean corpuscular volume of erythrocytes as microcytic, normocytic and macrocytic. The most prevalent types of anemia are iron deficient anemia and anemia secondary to inflammation. The iron deficiency anemia appears when the iron store is exhausted, most frequently due to chronic bleeding, for instance, augmented menorrhea and gastrointestinal bleeding. The anemia of inflammation is secondary to iron sequestration in macrophages, decreased erythropoiesis, and lower erythrocyte survival. Ferritin is decreased in the iron deficient anemia and increased in the anemia of inflammation. Other common types of anemia are those secondary to pregnancy, chronic renal failure, and ageing. Treatment of anemia depends on its type, such as iron supplementation or erythropoietin, among others. Red blood cell transfusion can be performed in more severe conditions, independently of the type of anemia, and must be adopted in diseases such as thalassemia major. This article reviews the prevalence of anemia, its classification, pathophysiology, and discusses the commonest types and treatment according to the type of anemia

Hematological particularities and co-infections in injected drug users with AIDS

AbstractHIV patients infected through injected drug use have poorer prognosis than other groups. We evaluated the hematological alterations and rates of co-infections in injected drug use patients with AIDS. Injected drug use patients were younger, predominantly of male gender, and presented lower CD4, total lymphocyte, and platelet counts, but not neutrophil count, than control group. Injected drug use patients had a higher rate of hepatitis C and mycobacteria infection. Furthermore, all injected drug use patients with hemoglobin <10.0gdL−1 and lymphocyte <1000μL−1 had CD4 count lower than 100μL−1. In conclusion, HIV-infected injected drug use patients constitute a special group of patients, and hemoglobin concentration and lymphocyte count can be used as surrogate markers for disease severity

Intrahepatic Cholestasis in Sickle Cell Disease: A Case Report

Intrahepatic cholestasis (SCIC) is an uncommon but potentially fatal complication of sickle cell disease (SCD), with a high death rate, observed mainly in patients with homozygous sickle cell anemia. Herein, we describe a case of severe SCIC treated successfully with aggressive manual exchange transfusion (ET). The patient was admitted with enlarged liver and signs of hepatic failure, such as hyperbilirubinemia and coagulopathy. There was no evidence of viral hepatitis or biliary obstruction. We performed several sessions of ET in order to reduce the percentage of HbS to levels inferior to 30%, which was successfully accomplished. The patient had a complete recovery of hepatic function. This case has shown that ET is an effective treatment of SCIC and should be introduced early on the onset of this severe complication

Combination of searches for heavy spin-1 resonances using 139 fb−1 of proton-proton collision data at s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A combination of searches for new heavy spin-1 resonances decaying into different pairings of W, Z, or Higgs bosons, as well as directly into leptons or quarks, is presented. The data sample used corresponds to 139 fb−1 of proton-proton collisions at = 13 TeV collected during 2015–2018 with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. Analyses selecting quark pairs (qq, bb, , and tb) or third-generation leptons (τν and ττ) are included in this kind of combination for the first time. A simplified model predicting a spin-1 heavy vector-boson triplet is used. Cross-section limits are set at the 95% confidence level and are compared with predictions for the benchmark model. These limits are also expressed in terms of constraints on couplings of the heavy vector-boson triplet to quarks, leptons, and the Higgs boson. The complementarity of the various analyses increases the sensitivity to new physics, and the resulting constraints are stronger than those from any individual analysis considered. The data exclude a heavy vector-boson triplet with mass below 5.8 TeV in a weakly coupled scenario, below 4.4 TeV in a strongly coupled scenario, and up to 1.5 TeV in the case of production via vector-boson fusion

Measurement of the tt¯tt¯ production cross section in pp collisions at √s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A measurement of four-top-quark production using proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb−1 is presented. Events are selected if they contain a single lepton (electron or muon) or an opposite-sign lepton pair, in association with multiple jets. The events are categorised according to the number of jets and how likely these are to contain b-hadrons. A multivariate technique is then used to discriminate between signal and background events. The measured four-top-quark production cross section is found to be 26+17−15 fb, with a corresponding observed (expected) significance of 1.9 (1.0) standard deviations over the background-only hypothesis. The result is combined with the previous measurement performed by the ATLAS Collaboration in the multilepton final state. The combined four-top-quark production cross section is measured to be 24+7−6 fb, with a corresponding observed (expected) signal significance of 4.7 (2.6) standard deviations over the background-only predictions. It is consistent within 2.0 standard deviations with the Standard Model expectation of 12.0 ± 2.4 fb

Measurements of sensor radiation damage in the ATLAS inner detector using leakage currents

Non-ionizing energy loss causes bulk damage to the silicon sensors of the ATLAS pixel and strip detectors. This damage has important implications for data-taking operations, charged-particle track reconstruction, detector simulations, and physics analysis. This paper presents simulations and measurements of the leakage current in the ATLAS pixel detector and semiconductor tracker as a function of location in the detector and time, using data collected in Run 1 (2010–2012) and Run 2 (2015–2018) of the Large Hadron Collider. The extracted fluence shows a much stronger |z|-dependence in the innermost layers than is seen in simulation. Furthermore, the overall fluence on the second innermost layer is significantly higher than in simulation, with better agreement in layers at higher radii. These measurements are important for validating the simulation models and can be used in part to justify safety factors for future detector designs and interventions.publishedVersio

Measurements of Higgs bosons decaying to bottom quarks from vector boson fusion production with the ATLAS experiment at √=13TeV

The paper presents a measurement of the Standard Model Higgs Boson decaying to b-quark pairs in the vector boson fusion (VBF) production mode. A sample corresponding to 126 fb−1 of s√=13TeV proton–proton collision data, collected with the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider, is analyzed utilizing an adversarial neural network for event classification. The signal strength, defined as the ratio of the measured signal yield to that predicted by the Standard Model for VBF Higgs production, is measured to be 0.95+0.38−0.36 , corresponding to an observed (expected) significance of 2.6 (2.8) standard deviations from the background only hypothesis. The results are additionally combined with an analysis of Higgs bosons decaying to b-quarks, produced via VBF in association with a photon

Measurements of W+W−+ ≥ 1 jet production cross-sections in pp collisions at s \sqrt{s} = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Fiducial and differential cross-section measurements of W+W− production in association with at least one hadronic jet are presented. These measurements are sensitive to the properties of electroweak-boson self-interactions and provide a test of perturbative quantum chromodynamics and the electroweak theory. The analysis is performed using proton-proton collision data collected at p s = 13TeV with the ATLAS experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb−1. Events are selected with exactly one oppositely charged electron-muon pair and at least one hadronic jet with a transverse momentum of pT > 30 GeV and a pseudorapidity of |�| < 4.5. After subtracting the background contributions and correcting for detector effects, the jet-inclusive W+W−+ � 1 jet fiducial cross-section and W+W−+ jets differential cross-sections with respect to several kinematic variables are measured. These measurements include leptonic quantities, such as the lepton transverse momenta and the transverse mass of the W+W− system, as well as jet-related observables such as the leading jet transverse momentum and the jet multiplicity. Limits on anomalous triple-gauge-boson couplings are obtained in a phase space where interference between the Standard Model amplitude and the anomalous amplitude is enhanced