Population-based mammography screening below age 50: balancing radiation-induced vs prevented breast cancer deaths

Introduction:Exposure to ionizing radiation at mammography screening may cause breast cancer. Because the radiation risk increases with lower exposure age, advancing the lower age limit may affect the balance between screening benefits and risks. The present study explores the benefit-risk ratio of screening before age 50.Methods:The benefits of biennial mammography screening, starting at various ages between 40 and 50, and continuing up to age 74 were examined using micro-simulation. In contrast with previous studies that commonly used excess relative risk models, we assessed the radiation risks using the latest BEIR-VII excess abso

Solvates, salts, and cocrystals : a proposal for a feasible classification system

The design of pharmaceutical cocrystals has initiated widespread debate on the classification of cocrystals. Current attempts to classify multicomponent crystals suffer from ambiguity, which has led to inconsistent definitions for cocrystals and for multicomponent crystals in general. Inspired by the work of Aitipamula et al. (Cryst. Growth Des. 2012, 12, 2147-2152), we present a feasible classification system for all multicomponent crystals. The present classification enables us to analyze and classify multicomponent crystal structures present in the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD). This reveals that all seven classes proposed are relevant in terms of frequency of occurrence. Lists of CSD refcodes for all classes are provided. We identified over 5000 cocrystals in the CSD, as well as over 12 000 crystals with more than two components. This illustrates that the possibilities for alternative drug formulations can be increased significantly by considering more than two components in drug design

Tomato Yield in a Closed Greenhouse and Comparison with Simulated Yields in Closed and Conventional Greenhouses

In 2002 tomato was cultivated in a closed venlo-type greenhouse to investigate the influence of cooling with forced air movement along heat-exchangers combined with high CO2 level under summer light conditions on production and quality. Transpiration in the closed greenhouse with forced air movement was, compared to a conventional greenhouse, higher at low light levels (2 instead of 1 kg/m2) and lower at high light levels kg/m2 (4 instead of 5 kg.m2). Comparison of the observed yield with crop yields predicted with TOMSIM showed that yield was increased by 22% from 46.2 to 56.2 kg/m2 compared to a conventional greenhouse with CO2 concentration always above 500 ppm. The higher CO2 concentration in the closed greenhouse (always 1000 ppm) could explain only a 9% yield increase

Instrumental Music Influences Recognition of Emotional Body Language

In everyday life, emotional events are perceived by multiple sensory systems. Research has shown that recognition of emotions in one modality is biased towards the emotion expressed in a simultaneously presented but task irrelevant modality. In the present study, we combine visual and auditory stimuli that convey similar affective meaning but have a low probability of co-occurrence in everyday life. Dynamic face-blurred whole body expressions of a person grasping an object while expressing happiness or sadness are presented in combination with fragments of happy or sad instrumental classical music. Participants were instructed to categorize the emotion expressed by the visual stimulus. The results show that recognition of body language is influenced by the auditory stimuli. These findings indicate that crossmodal influences as previously observed for audiovisual speech can also be obtained from the ignored auditory to the attended visual modality in audiovisual stimuli that consist of whole bodies and music

Evaluatie van een 360°-VR training tegen etnisch profileren

Dit rapport is de afsluiting van een onderzoek dat in eind 2019 van start ging. Terwijl we aanvankelijk rekening hielden met looptijd van een half jaar, bleek dit door de komst van het Coronavirus geen haalbare kaart. De lockdowns die hier het gevolg van waren, en de restricties op samenzijn in groepen in de tussentijd, bemoeilijkten de dataverzameling zeer. De oplevering van dit rapport heeft daardoor een vertraging opgelopen van ruim een jaar. Voor het tot stand komen van dit onderzoek zijn we dank verschuldigd aan een aantal personen. Allereerst Tom Hoheker en Ferry Hoogeveen van de Politie Eenheid Amsterdam, en Roeland Post en Jan Maarsingh van de Politieacademie, die essentieel waren voor het werven van deelnemers aan dit onderzoek. Verder dank aan Miriam Oostinga van de Universiteit Twente, voor nuttige feedback op de opzet van dit onderzoek, en Bas Böing, voor zijn feedback en hulp bij het uitvoeren van dit onderzoek. Tot slot, dank aan de medewerkers van de basisteams en de studenten van de Politieacademie, die bereid waren hun kostbare tijd op te offeren aan deelname

A database of whole-body action videos for the study of action, emotion, and untrustworthiness

We present a database of high-definition (HD) videos for the study of traits inferred from whole-body actions. Twenty-nine actors (19 female) were filmed performing different actions—walking, picking up a box, putting down a box, jumping, sitting down, and standing and acting—while conveying different traits, including four emotions (anger, fear, happiness, sadness), untrustworthiness, and neutral, where no specific trait was conveyed. For the actions conveying the four emotions and untrustworthiness, the actions were filmed multiple times, with the actor conveying the traits with different levels of intensity. In total, we made 2,783 action videos (in both two-dimensional and three-dimensional format), each lasting 7 s with a frame rate of 50 fps. All videos were filmed in a green-screen studio in order to isolate the action information from all contextual detail and to provide a flexible stimulus set for future use. In order to validate the traits conveyed by each action, we asked participants to rate each of the actions corresponding to the trait that the actor portrayed in the two-dimensional videos. To provide a useful database of stimuli of multiple actions conveying multiple traits, each video name contains information on the gender of the actor, the action executed, the trait conveyed, and the rating of its perceived intensity. All videos can be downloaded free at the following address: http://www-users.york.ac.uk/~neb506/databases.html. We discuss potential uses for the database in the analysis of the perception of whole-body actions