El impacto de la digitalización en la armonización de las normativas laborales y en los reglamentos de trabajo y empleo en dos estados miembros (Bélgica y los Países Bajos)

The contribution tries to grant an overview of two distinct but linked elements with regard to the digitalization of employment in the public sector. First, the transposition of the Framework Agreement on Telework shows how the public sector is treated as the poor relation in Belgium and the Netherlands. The second part analyses how digitalization has an impacto n the growing tendecy of flexibility in the public sector. Contracts of employment have become the standard in the Netherlands and a growing option in Belgium. Politicians invoke the search for flexibility which even leads to use of more temporary contracts and temporary forms of employment in the public due to the digitalization of the work. It seems that digitalization weakens the traditional status of public servants in Belgium and the Netherlands. Both elements indicates that labour relations in the public sector seem to be influenced and even weakened by evolutions in labour law

COVID-19 and Labour Law : Belgium

Belgium has closed its shops. Furthermore, it made a distinction between essential and non- essential services. Non-essential services have to introduce telework at home or to close in case that is not possible. Essential services have to respect the social distancing of 1,5 meter

Dipole-Deformed Bound States and Heterotic Kodaira Surfaces

We study a particular N = 1 confining gauge theory with fundamental flavors realised as seven branes in the background of wrapped five branes on a rigid two-cycle of a non-trivial global geometry. In parts of the moduli space, the five branes form bound states with the seven branes. We show that in this regime the local supergravity solution is surprisingly tractable, even though the background topology is non-trivial. New effects such as dipole deformations may be studied in detail, including the full backreactions. Performing the dipole deformations in other ways leads to different warped local geometries. In the dual heterotic picture, which is locally given by a C* fibration over a Kodaira surface, we study details of the geometry and the construction of bundles. We also point out the existence of certain exotic bundles in our framework.Comment: 40 pages, 3 .eps figures, Harvma

In the Realm of the Geometric Transitions

We complete the duality cycle by constructing the geometric transition duals in the type IIB, type I and heterotic theories. We show that in the type IIB theory the background on the closed string side is a Kahler deformed conifold, as expected, even though the mirror type IIA backgrounds are non-Kahler (both before and after the transition). On the other hand, the Type I and heterotic backgrounds are non-Kahler. Therefore, on the heterotic side these backgrounds give rise to new torsional manifolds that have not been studied before. We show the consistency of these backgrounds by verifying the torsional equation.Comment: 60 pages, 2 .eps figures, Harvmac; v2: Minor typos corrected and references added; v3: Some more typos corrected. Final version to appear in Nucl. Phys.

Duality and ontology

A ‘duality’ is a formal mapping between the spaces of solutions of two empirically equivalent theories. In recent times, dualities have been found to be pervasive in string theory and quantum field theory. Naïvely interpreted, duality-related theories appear to make very different ontological claims about the world—differing in e.g. space-time structure, fundamental ontology, and mereological structure. In light of this, duality-related theories raise questions familiar from discussions of underdetermination in the philosophy of science: in the presence of dual theories, what is one to say about the ontology of the world? In this paper, we undertake a comprehensive and non-technical survey of the landscape of possible ontological interpretations of duality-related theories. We provide a significantly enriched and clarified taxonomy of options—several of which are novel to the literature

Robot-Assisted Epiretinal Membrane Peeling: A Prospective Assessment of Pre- and Intra-Operative Times and of Surgeons' Subjective Perceptions.

PURPOSE The Preceyes Surgical System (PSS) is a robotic assistive device that may enhance surgical precision. This study assessed pre- and intra-operative times and surgeons' perceptions of robot-assisted epiretinal membrane peeling (RA-MP). METHODS We analyzed the time requirement of three main tasks: the preparation of the PSS (I), patient preparation (II), and surgery (III). Following surgery, the surgeons were asked questions about their experience. RESULTS RA-MP was performed in nine eyes of nine patients. Task I required an average time of 12.3 min, initially taking 15 min but decreasing to 6 min in the last surgery. Task II showed a mean time of 47.2 (range of 36-65) min. Task III had a mean time of 72.4 (range of 57-100) min. A mean time of 27.9 (range of 9-46) min was necessary for RA-MP. The responses to the questionnaire revealed a trend towards increasing ease and reduced stress as familiarity with the PSS increased. CONCLUSIONS A substantial reduction in pre- and intra-operative times, decreasing to a total of 115 min, was demonstrated. RA-MP was positively anticipated by the surgeons and led to no hand or arm strain while being more complex than manual MP