Identification and characterisation of Yarrowia lipolytica RP2 growing on tallow

The ability of 10 yeasts, isolated from the waste treatment system at a commercial rendering operation, to utilise tallow (20 g L"1) as a sole carbon source was investigated. One isolate, identified as Yarrowia lipolytica , demonstrated superior fat removal ability and consequently was chosen for further studies in the development of a microbial-based fat removal system. Initially, the influence of temperature, medium pH, agitation and nitrogen source was assessed in shake flask studies. Maximum tallow removal of 75% in 168 hours was achieved under the optimal conditions of 25°C, pH 7.0, 130 rpm and 0.4 g N L'1, irrespective of whether ammonium sulphate, urea or peptone was employed as the nitrogen source. Medium pH was controlled using 0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer. Addition of glucose (1.0 and 10.0 g L'1) to the medium under optimal environmental conditions did not inhibit tallow removal and there was a concomitant use of both substrates. Acclimation of the yeast inoculum to lipids did not influence fat removal. The fat removal system was scaled-up to 2 L and 10 L fermentation. Under optimum aeration of 1 VVM and agitation of 500 rpm and 1000 rpm, the time required to achieve maximum tallow removal was significantly reduced from 168 to 65 hours in the 2 L and 10 L fermenters, respectively. Potassium was key to optimal fat removal with the requirement of greater than 60 mM K+ in the medium by the yeast. Cellular potassium levels of 80 nmol K+ (106 cell) ' 1 corresponded with maximum growth and fat removal. Extracellular biosurfactant production was detected under optimal growth conditions, which corresponded with emulsification of the tallow in the growth vessel. Y. lipolytica is a dimorphic yeast however, mycelial growth was not considered to play an important role in fat removal by the yeast

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Contains table of contents for Part IV, table of contents for Section 1 and reports on five research projects.Apple Computer, Inc.C.J. Lebel FellowshipNational Institutes of Health (Grant T32-NS07040)National Institutes of Health (Grant R01-NS04332)National Institutes of Health (Grant R01-NS21183)National Institutes of Health (Grant P01-NS23734)U.S. Navy / Naval Electronic Systems Command (Contract N00039-85-C-0254)U.S. Navy - Office of Naval Research (Contract N00014-82-K-0727

Identification and characterisation of Yarrowia lipolytica RP2 growing on tallow

The ability of 10 yeasts, isolated from the waste treatment system at a commercial rendering operation, to utilise tallow (20 g L"1) as a sole carbon source was investigated. One isolate, identified as Yarrowia lipolytica , demonstrated superior fat removal ability and consequently was chosen for further studies in the development of a microbial-based fat removal system. Initially, the influence of temperature, medium pH, agitation and nitrogen source was assessed in shake flask studies. Maximum tallow removal of 75% in 168 hours was achieved under the optimal conditions of 25°C, pH 7.0, 130 rpm and 0.4 g N L\u271, irrespective of whether ammonium sulphate, urea or peptone was employed as the nitrogen source. Medium pH was controlled using 0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer. Addition of glucose (1.0 and 10.0 g L\u271) to the medium under optimal environmental conditions did not inhibit tallow removal and there was a concomitant use of both substrates. Acclimation of the yeast inoculum to lipids did not influence fat removal. The fat removal system was scaled-up to 2 L and 10 L fermentation. Under optimum aeration of 1 VVM and agitation of 500 rpm and 1000 rpm, the time required to achieve maximum tallow removal was significantly reduced from 168 to 65 hours in the 2 L and 10 L fermenters, respectively. Potassium was key to optimal fat removal with the requirement of greater than 60 mM K+ in the medium by the yeast. Cellular potassium levels of 80 nmol K+ (106 cell) \u27 1 corresponded with maximum growth and fat removal. Extracellular biosurfactant production was detected under optimal growth conditions, which corresponded with emulsification of the tallow in the growth vessel. Y. lipolytica is a dimorphic yeast however, mycelial growth was not considered to play an important role in fat removal by the yeast

Prevention of steroid-induced low bone mineral density in children with renal diseases: a systematic review

Children with renal diseases who are treated with glucocorticoids are at increased risk of developing osteoporosis and fractures. However, there is no common strategy for prevention of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis. The present systematic review was performed to determine whether prevention of bone loss by calcium (Ca), vitamin D (vit D) and/or bisphosphonates is justified, safe and efficacious in children treated with steroids for various renal diseases. Data sources: Medline, Embase, Central were searched from 1961 up to 2012. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies concerning children ≤18 years with renal diseases requiring steroids were included. The search strategy retrieved 2482 studies. Four RCTs including 166 patients and one observational study including 100 children met our eligibility criteria. One RCT and the observational study concerned treatment with Ca/vit D, one RCT with bisphosphonates and two RCTs with a combination of both therapies. All described a significant improvement in bone mineral density (BMD) in the treatment group compared with the control group. Ca combined with vit D is recommended to prevent bone disease in children with renal diseases treated with steroids. Because of side effects, bisphosphonates should be reserved for the treatment of severe osteoporosis when Ca and/or vit D supplementation has faile

Eynan-Mallaha (Israël). Sur les traces des premiers bâtisseurs: Rapport d’activité 2023 et opérations à venir. Commission Consultative des Recherches Archéologiques à l'Etranger

Grâce au soutien de nos différents bailleurs et des institutions partenaires, l’année 2023 a été particulièrement profitable au projet Eynan-Mallaha. L’équipe scientifique s’est agrandie et accueille désormais 36 personnes en formation (masters et doctorants) et chercheurs (post-doctorants et en poste). Dans tous les domaines le projet est ainsi soutenu par des experts de qualité qui œuvrent à l’exploitation maximale des données de terrain en parallèle à une valorisation scientifique et à destination du grand public des données déjà récoltées par le passé. Les archives guident la fouille autant que la fouille fixe les priorités et les problématiques à venir. Nous présenterons ici essentiellement les opérations de terrain en partie financées par le MEAE mais évoquerons aussi d’autres aspects de ce travail collectif. L’ensemble des rapports des spécialistes peut être consulté en annexe de ce dossier ainsi que divers inventaires ; nous y ferons référence dans le corps du text

Eynan-Mallaha (Israël). Sur les traces des premiers bâtisseurs: Rapport d’activité 2023 et opérations à venir. Commission Consultative des Recherches Archéologiques à l'Etranger

Grâce au soutien de nos différents bailleurs et des institutions partenaires, l’année 2023 a été particulièrement profitable au projet Eynan-Mallaha. L’équipe scientifique s’est agrandie et accueille désormais 36 personnes en formation (masters et doctorants) et chercheurs (post-doctorants et en poste). Dans tous les domaines le projet est ainsi soutenu par des experts de qualité qui œuvrent à l’exploitation maximale des données de terrain en parallèle à une valorisation scientifique et à destination du grand public des données déjà récoltées par le passé. Les archives guident la fouille autant que la fouille fixe les priorités et les problématiques à venir. Nous présenterons ici essentiellement les opérations de terrain en partie financées par le MEAE mais évoquerons aussi d’autres aspects de ce travail collectif. L’ensemble des rapports des spécialistes peut être consulté en annexe de ce dossier ainsi que divers inventaires ; nous y ferons référence dans le corps du text