1,238 research outputs found
Synthetic Observations of the HI Line in SPH-Simulated Spiral Galaxies
Using the radiative transfer code Torus, we produce spectral-line cubes of
the predicted HI profile from global SPH simulations of spiral galaxies. Torus
grids the SPH galaxy using Adaptive Mesh Refinement, then applies a ray-tracing
method to infer the HI profile along the line(s) of sight. The gridded galaxy
can be observed from any direction, which enables us to model the observed HI
profile for galaxies of any orientation. We can also place the observer inside
the galaxy, to simulate HI observations taken from the Earth's position in the
Milky Way.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, conference proceedings for "Panoramic Radio
Astronomy: 1-2 Ghz Research on Galaxy Evolution" June 2-5, 2009 Groninge
Extra dimensions in all aspects of life—the meaning of life with bipolar disorder
Living with Bipolar Disorder (BD) greatly affects the whole life; still the meaning of it is poorly explored from the perspective of the individuals actually living with it. The aim of this study is thus to explore the existential meaning of life with BD. Ten persons, six women and four men, (aged 30–61), diagnosed with BD were interviewed. A reflective lifeworld perspective based on phenomenological philosophy was used. The findings show that living with BD entails experiencing extra dimensions in all aspects of life, expressed in terms of a magnitude and complexity beyond that which is perceived as pertaining to normal life. The essential meaning of the phenomenon is further described by its constituents: “a specific intensity”, “a struggle to understand”, “an illness that is intertwined with one's whole being”. Living with BD means more for the individual than having episodes of depression and mania and must therefore be understood from a holistic perspective. Adequate care for persons with BD, therefore, includes places for safe and profound reflecting about existential issues, such as identity, trust and self-confidence. The present study recommends the caring services to change their ways to explain and talk about the BD illness
A High Resolution Survey of the Galactic Plane at 408 MHz
The interstellar medium is a complex 'ecosystem' with gas constituents in the
atomic, molecular, and ionized states, dust, magnetic fields, and relativistic
particles. The Canadian Galactic Plane Survey has imaged these constituents
with angular resolution of the order of arcminutes. This paper presents radio
continuum data at 408 MHz over the area 52 degrees < longitude < 193 degrees,
-6.5 degrees < latitude < 8.5 degrees, with an extension to latitude = 21
degrees in the range 97 degrees < longitude < 120 degrees, with angular
resolution 2.8' x 2.8' cosec(declination). Observations were made with the
Synthesis Telescope at the Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory as part of
the Canadian Galactic Plane Survey. The calibration of the survey using
existing radio source catalogs is described. The accuracy of 408-MHz flux
densities from the data is 6%. Information on large structures has been
incorporated into the data using the single-antenna survey of Haslam (1982).
The paper presents the data, describes how it can be accessed electronically,
and gives examples of applications of the data to ISM research.Comment: Accepted for publication in the Astronomical Journa
Perceived role of the veterinarian in promoting dairy cattle welfare
Improving the lives of animals in agricultural systems has primarily focused on minimizing negative experiences. Research is needed on the promotion of positive experiences (pleasure, enjoyment, play, choice, happiness) for animals and the role of veterinarians in their promotion. Our aims were to describe how Canadian bovine veterinarians and veterinary students perceive the role of a veterinarian in positive vs. negative experiences for dairy cows and to analyze the rationale provided to explain their answers. Canadian veterinary practitioners (n = 78) and veterinary students (n = 148) responded to an online cross-sectional survey and were asked, on a 7-point scale, how important the role of a veterinarian is to promote practices that influence the experience of dairy cows. We used qualitative description to analyse participants’ open-ended text responses. Practices to minimize negative experiences were most important (mean ± SE; 6.8 ± 0.03), a balance of positive and negative experiences was less important (6.4 ± 0.05), and encouragement of positive experiences scored lowest (6.0 ± 0.06), although all scored highly. Four themes were identified to explain participants’ reasoning regarding their perceived role of a veterinarian in the promotion of dairy cattle welfare, centered on: the animal, the producer, the veterinarian, and society. Participants indicated that promoting positive experiences was less important than decreasing negative experiences (5.9 ± 0.09). There were four themes identified to explain participants’ reasoning regarding the relative importance of promotion of positive experiences versus decreasing negative experiences which centered on: frameworks to compare positive and negative experiences, impacts on the animal, the participant’s view of their role, and the practicality of implementation. These results indicate modest differences in valuing avoidance of negative vs. promotion of positive welfare. There were no differences in the quantitative analyses between veterinarians and veterinary students. We conclude that veterinarians are favorably disposed to positive aspects of welfare for dairy cows but may be more focussed on avoidance of negative aspects of welfare
Very Large Array Observations of Ammonia in Infrared-Dark Clouds II: Internal Kinematics
Infrared-dark clouds (IRDCs) are believed to be the birthplaces of rich
clusters and thus contain the earliest phases of high-mass star formation. We
use the Green Bank Telescope (GBT) and Very Large Array (VLA) maps of ammonia
(NH3) in six IRDCs to measure their column density and temperature structure
(Paper 1), and here, we investigate the kinematic structure and energy content.
We find that IRDCs overall display organized velocity fields, with only
localized disruptions due to embedded star formation. The local effects seen in
NH3 emission are not high velocity outflows but rather moderate (few km/s)
increases in the line width that exhibit maxima near or coincident with the
mid-infrared emission tracing protostars. These line width enhancements could
be the result of infall or (hidden in NH3 emission) outflow. Not only is the
kinetic energy content insufficient to support the IRDCs against collapse, but
also the spatial energy distribution is inconsistent with a scenario of
turbulent cloud support. We conclude that the velocity signatures of the IRDCs
in our sample are due to active collapse and fragmentation, in some cases
augmented by local feedback from stars.Comment: 15 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in Ap
A Synthetic 21-cm Galactic Plane Survey of an SPH Galaxy Simulation
We have created synthetic neutral hydrogen (HI) Galactic Plane Survey data
cubes covering 90 degrees < l < 180 degrees, using a model spiral galaxy from
SPH simulations and the radiative transfer code TORUS. The density, temperature
and other physical parameters are fed from the SPH simulation into TORUS, where
the HI emissivity and opacity are calculated before the 21-cm line emission
profile is determined. Our main focus is the observation of Outer Galaxy
`Perseus Arm' HI, with a view to tracing atomic gas as it encounters shock
motions as it enters a spiral arm interface, an early step in the formation of
molecular clouds. The observation of HI self-absorption features at these shock
sites (in both real observations and our synthetic data) allows us to
investigate further the connection between cold atomic gas and the onset of
molecular cloud formation.Comment: MNRAS accepted; 11 pages, 12 figure
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