An open database of grape harvest dates for climate research: Data description and quality assessment

We present a dataset of grape harvest dates (GHD) series that has been compiled from international and non-translated French and Spanish literature and from unpublished documentary sources from public organizations and from wine-growers. As of June 2011, this GHD dataset comprises 378 series mainly from France (93% of the data) as well as series from Switzerland, Italy, Spain and Luxembourg. The series have variable length and contain gaps of variable sizes. The longest and most complete ones are from Burgundy, Switzerland, Southern Rhône valley, Jura and Ile-de-France. The GHD series were grouped into 27 regions according to their location, to geomorphological and geological criteria, and to past and present grape varieties. The GHD regional composite series (GHD-RCS) were calculated and compared pairwise to assess the quality of the series. Significant (p-value < 0.001) and strong correlations exist between most of them. As expected, the correlations tended to be higher when the vineyards are closer, the highest correlation (R = 0.91) being obtained between the High Loire Valley and the Ile-de-France GHD-RCS. The strong dependence of vine cycle on temperature and, therefore, the strong link between GHD and the temperature of the growing season was also used to test the quality of the GHD series. The strongest correlations are obtained between the GHD-RCS and the temperature series of the nearest weather stations. Moreover, the GHD-RCS/temperature correlation maps show spatial patterns similar to temperature correlation maps. The stability of the correlations over time is explored. The most striking feature is their generalized deterioration at the late 19th–early 20th turning point. The possible effects on the GHD of the phylloxera crisis, which took place at this time, are discussed. The median of the standardized GHD-RCS was calculated. The distribution of the extreme years of this general synthetic series is not homogenous. Extremely late years all occur during a two-century long time-window from the early 17th to the early 19th century, while extremely early years are frequent during the 16th and since the mid-19th century. The dataset is made accessible for climate research through the Internet. It should allow a variety of climate studies, including reconstructions of atmospheric circulation over Western Europe.This work was funded by grants from the ANR-OPHELIE.Peer Reviewe

Stable oxygen isotope evidence for mobility in medieval and post-medieval Trondheim, Norway

AbstractImmigration and mobility in the medieval and post-medieval periods in Norway have, up until now, mainly been discussed on the basis of historical sources. This paper presents the results of stable oxygen isotope (δ18O) analyses of the 1st and 3rd molars from 95 individuals from medieval and post-medieval Trondheim, as well as new information about the δ18O composition in the precipitation and drinking water in Trondheim. Through these analyses, the authors have attempted to shed light on the age of migrating individuals and directions of migration, to investigate temporal changes with regard to migration, and to make suggestions regarding the proportion of immigrants to locals in the population.The results show that the majority of the immigrants came from areas to the north or east of Trondheim, and some travelled at least 800–1000km to come to Trondheim. It has also been shown that a large proportion of the medieval individuals moved during childhood. Both with regard to child mobility and migration in general, the evidence suggests that the migratory activity decreased from the medieval to the post-medieval period

Stress field around arbitrarily shaped cracks in two-dimensional elastic materials

The calculation of the stress field around an arbitrarily shaped crack in an infinite two-dimensional elastic medium is a mathematically daunting problem. With the exception of few exactly soluble crack shapes the available results are based on either perturbative approaches or on combinations of analytic and numerical techniques. We present here a general solution of this problem for any arbitrary crack. Along the way we develop a method to compute the conformal map from the exterior of a circle to the exterior of a line of arbitrary shape, offering it as a superior alternative to the classical Schwartz-Cristoffel transformation. Our calculation results in an accurate estimate of the full stress field and in particular of the stress intensity factors K_I and K_{II} and the T-stress which are essential in the theory of fracture.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, submitted for PR

A Emergência Fabricada Como Justificativa da Dispensa de Licitação

TCC(graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciências Jurídicas. Direito.O presente trabalho possui como objetivo a análise da dispensa de licitação em razão da emergência fabricada. Com esse fim, parte-se do conceito de licitação pública, discorre-se sobre sua previsão legal – tanto na Constituição Federal quanto na legislação ordinária –, sua obrigatoriedade e os princípios que a norteiam. Na sequência, as hipóteses de contratação direta, exceção legal ao dever de licitar, são analisadas, iniciando-se pela inexigibilidade de licitação, decorrente da inviabilidade de competição, e passando-se ao estudo da dispensa de licitação. Divide-se os casos de dispensa em quatro categorias (dispensa em razão do pequeno valor, dispensa em razão do objeto, dispensa em razão da pessoa e dispensa em razão de situações especiais), sendo que este último grupo comporta a dispensa de licitação motivada por emergência ou calamidade. Por fim, explica-se o conceito de emergência fabricada e estuda-se os entendimentos doutrinários e jurisprudenciais sobre as implicações da dispensa do procedimento licitatório suscitada pela desídia do administrador, que, nesta hipótese, sofre sanções, além de demonstrar-se que a contratação direta não importa, necessariamente, em prejuízo para a Administração Pública

Zur Komplementarität von Sprache und Bild in Werbeanzeigen mit narrativem Muster

In diesem Beitrag wird in einem Korpus deutscher und französischer Werbeanzeigen mit narrativem Muster auf die Frage eingegangen, ob ein unbewegtes Bild eine Geschichte erzählen kann. Die Analyse des Korpus bringt an den Tag, dass ein einzelnes stehendes Bild keine Geschichte erzählen kann – außer wenn ein weiteres Bild ins Bild integriert wird oder wenn auf der Seite das Blickfeld erweitert wird. Nur wenn dem Bild Textelemente hinzugefügt werden, kann es an narrativer Bedeutung gewinnen. Textelemente spielen manchmal eine auch quantitativ gesehen wesentliche Rolle, so dass das Bild fast verschwindet. Es wird auch festgestellt, dass manchmal Bild und Schrift im Kontrast stehen, weil beide zwei unterschiedlichen Momenten der Geschichte entsprechen. In allen Fällen aber sind die zwei Modi, Bild und Schrift, komplementär. Sie dienen entweder der Orientierung der Erzählung oder der Komplikation oder der Auflösung, während die Marke oder das Produkt das Element ist, das zum glücklichen Ende führt.À partir d’un corpus d’annonces publicitaires allemandes et françaises développant un schéma narratif, nous nous proposons d’interroger le potentiel d’une image fixe à raconter une histoire. L’analyse du corpus révèle que – à moins que la page n’intègre une image dans l’image ou que la page propose un élargissement particulièrement important du champ de l’image – l’image fixe à elle seule ne raconte pas d’histoire. C’est par le texte écrit associé à l’image que celle-ci gagne en profondeur narrative. Le texte écrit peut jouer un rôle important quantitativement, au point que l’image est négligeable. Ou on constate un contraste entre image et texte écrit parce que les deux sont attachés à deux instants différents de l’histoire. Dans tous les cas, les rapports entre les deux modes, image et texte écrit, sont complémentaires, l’un et l’autre servant tantôt l’exposition de l’histoire, tantôt la complication, tandis que la marque ou le produit est l’élément qui permet le dénouement heureux.In this article, I explore the potential of a picture or photograph in an advertisement to tell a story. The analysis is based on a corpus of a hundred German and French language advertisements containing a narrative, which featured in magazines from 2016 and 2017.  Close analysis of the corpus reveals that fixed images alone do not tell a story – unless the advertisement includes a second image within the main a picture or photograph, or the advertisement incorporates many details. The picture or photograph does not tell a story on its own. It is the text accompanying the image that develops the narrative of the story told in the advertisement. On the one hand, the text can play such a key quantitative role that only a minor role is left to the picture or photograph. On the other hand, there can be a contrast between the image and the text because each belongs to two different points in time of the story. In all cases, the links between the two different modes (image and text) complement each other, either by introducing the narrative, or by complicating the story, whereas it is the brand or the product that creates the happy ending

Espace du texte et énoncés généralisants en ouverture de textes narratifs littéraires ou narration et performance dans les récits de fiction

Cet article s’intéresse, dans un corpus de romans et nouvelles en langue allemande s’ouvrant sur un énoncé généralisant, à la notion d’espace du texte. Pris dans sa matérialité, comme surface visuelle, le texte littéraire s’imprime en noir sur la page blanche. Pourtant, lorsqu’il commence par un énoncé généralisant, l'histoire proprement dite ne semble commencer qu’après, avec souvent des « débuts » caractéristiques d’un incipit, introduisant les éléments attendus dans la phase d’orientation-exposition (informations sur le lieu, le temps, un personnage, éventuellement plongée in medias res). L’analyse du début matériel du texte, i.e. des fonctions textuelles des énoncés généralisants dans le corpus, met en évidence que le récit commence avant l’histoire : ces débuts métatextuels mettent en jeu l’intersubjectivité entre le narrateur et le lecteur. Avec eux est investi le niveau de l’interaction entre le narrateur et le lecteur, ils assoient la prise de parole narrative. Au-delà, ils « mettent en scène » la corporalité du narrateur, la vocalité de son discours. Ces incipits illustrent donc le fait que la performance, i.e. la narration, est constitutive du récit de fiction.In diesem Artikel, der sich mit dem Begriff des Textraums befasst, werden Anfänge von Romanen und Novellen in deutscher Sprache analysiert, die mit einer verallgemeinernden Äußerung beginnen. Wenn man den literarischen Text in seiner Materialität bzw. als Sehfläche betrachtet, erscheint vor allem das Schwarze auf der weißen Seite. Wenn nun der Text mit einer verallgemeinernden Äußerung anfängt, scheint die Erzählung erst danach zu beginnen, und zwar häufig mit für ein Incipit typischen « Änfängen », die die in der Orientierungsphase traditionell erwarteten Elemente einführen (Informationen über Ort, Zeit, Protagonisten, eventuell auch Eintauchen in die Handlung). Die Analyse des materiellen Anfangs des Textes, bzw. der textuellen Funktionen von verallgemeinernden Äußerungen im Korpus, macht deutlich, dass die Erzählung vor der eigentlichen Geschichte anfängt : unsere metatextuellen Anfänge bringen die Intersubjektivität zwischen Erzähler und Leser in den Vordergrund. Mit ihnen kann das Niveau der Interaktion zwischen Erzähler und Leser investiert werden. Indem er das Wort ergreift, setzt sich der Erzähler durch. Darüber hinaus setzt die verallgemeinernde Äußerung die Körperlichkeit des Erzählers in Szene, i.e. die Vokalität seines Diskurses. Die Incipits des Korpus veranschaulichen also die Tatsache, dass das Erzählen und die Performanz Bestandteile der fiktionalen Erzählung sind

G2E

Relatório (Estágio curricular) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Comunicação e Expressão. Departamento de Expressão Gráfica. Design.Profa. Mônica Stei

Concepção de personagens com foco em suas características psicológicas

PCC(graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Comunicação e Expressão. Design.O Projeto de Conclusão de Curso a seguir reúne informações sobre a elaboração de personagens, tendo como foco a concepção de um aspecto visual condizente com seus aspectos psicológicos. A partir disso, será proposta a experimentação de uma metodologia adaptada para este projeto na concepção de 3 personagens, cuja finalidade é tornar este processo de criação mais intuitivo.The following Undergraduate Final Project gathers information about character development, focusing on the design of a visual aspect that matches their psychological aspects. Thereafter, it will be proposed to experiment with a methodology adapted for this project in the conception of 3 characters, with the purpose of making this creative process more intuitive