Methodical providing of process of management of functioning of stability of enterprises of small business

Розглянуто принципи, вимоги, критерії оцінки рівня стійкості функціонування підприємств малого бізнесу. Надано методику інтегральної оцінки її рівня. Запропоновано гібридні моделі оцінки рівня стійкості функціонування підприємств переробної промисловості з врахуванням невизначеності.Рассмотрены принципы, требования, критерии оценки уровня устойчивости функционирования предприятий малого бизнеса. Предложена методика интегральной оценки ее уровня. Предложено гибридные модели оценки уровня устойчивости функционирования предприятий перерабатывающей промышленности с учетом неопределенности.Principles, requirements, criteria of estimation of level of stability of functioning of enterprises of small business are considered. Methodology of integral estimation of her level is given. The hybrid models of estimation of level of external, internal and general stability of enterprise are worked out for food industry taking into account a vagueness

Sectoral structure of industry of Ukraine taking into account development of global economy

Досліджено сучасний стан галузевої структури промисловості України з урахуванням векторів розвитку глобальної економіки. Запропоновано шляхи вдосконалення просторової та галузевої структури промисловості України.Исследовано современное состояние отраслевой структуры промышленности Украины с учетом векторов развития глобальной экономики. Предложены пути совершенствования пространственной и отраслевой структуры промышленности Украины.Investigated the state of the sectoral structure of industry of Ukraine taking into account development of the global economy. Suggested ways to improve the spatial and sectoral structure of industry of Ukraine

Role of the khowledge economy in the process of making managerial decisions

Розглянуто основні передумови прийняття обґрунтованих управлінських рішень на засадах економіки знань. Запропоновано використовувати аудит знань під час прийняття управлінських рішень.Рассмотрены основные предпосылки принятия обоснованных управленческих решений на основе экономики знаний. Предложено использовать аудит знаний при принятии управленческих решений.Basic pre-conditions of acceptance of reasonable administrative decisions are considered on the base of economy of knowledge. Proposed to use the audit of knowledge in the process of making managerial decisions

Design validation of the working surface of a sheep’s foot roller for compaction of freshly prepared soil

It is determined that the main factors which influence the process of soil compaction are the design of the roller working element and physical and mechanical characteristics of the soil. The process of interaction between the roller and the soil was studied with the help of math modelling. It was defined that the character of the contact pressure distribution under the roller surface corresponds to its design characteristics. A modified design of the roller drum and foot was introduced

Genomes of multicellular algal sisters to land plants illuminate signaling network evolution

Zygnematophyceae are the algal sisters of land plants. Here we sequenced four genomes of filamentous Zygnematophyceae, including chromosome-scale assemblies for three strains of Zygnema circumcarinatum. We inferred traits in the ancestor of Zygnematophyceae and land plants that might have ushered in the conquest of land by plants: expanded genes for signaling cascades, environmental response, and multicellular growth. Zygnematophyceae and land plants share all the major enzymes for cell wall synthesis and remodifications, and gene gains shaped this toolkit. Co-expression network analyses uncover gene cohorts that unite environmental signaling with multicellular developmental programs. Our data shed light on a molecular chassis that balances environmental response and growth modulation across more than 600 million years of streptophyte evolution

Algal MIPs, high diversity and conserved motifs

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Major intrinsic proteins (MIPs) also named aquaporins form channels facilitating the passive transport of water and other small polar molecules across membranes. MIPs are particularly abundant and diverse in terrestrial plants but little is known about their evolutionary history. In an attempt to investigate the origin of the plant MIP subfamilies, genomes of chlorophyte algae, the sister group of charophyte algae and land plants, were searched for MIP encoding genes.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A total of 22 MIPs were identified in the nine analysed genomes and phylogenetic analyses classified them into seven subfamilies. Two of these, Plasma membrane Intrinsic Proteins (PIPs) and GlpF-like Intrinsic Proteins (GIPs), are also present in land plants and divergence dating support a common origin of these algal and land plant MIPs, predating the evolution of terrestrial plants. The subfamilies unique to algae were named MIPA to MIPE to facilitate the use of a common nomenclature for plant MIPs reflecting phylogenetically stable groups. All of the investigated genomes contained at least one <it>MIP </it>gene but only a few species encoded MIPs belonging to more than one subfamily.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our results suggest that at least two of the seven subfamilies found in land plants were present already in an algal ancestor. The total variation of MIPs and the number of different subfamilies in chlorophyte algae is likely to be even higher than that found in land plants. Our analyses indicate that genetic exchanges between several of the algal subfamilies have occurred. The PIP1 and PIP2 groups and the Ca²⁺gating appear to be specific to land plants whereas the pH gating is a more ancient characteristic shared by all PIPs. Further studies are needed to discern the function of the algal specific subfamilies MIPA-E and to fully understand the evolutionary relationship of algal and terrestrial plant MIPs.</p

Cryptic dispersal of Cyanidiophytina (Rhodophyta) in non-acidic environments from Turkey

Cyanidiophytina are a group of polyextremophilic red algae with a worldwide, but discontinuous colonization. They are restricted to widely dispersed hot springs, geothermal habitats, and also some human-altered environments. Cyanidiophytina are predominant where pH is prohibitive for the majority of eukaryotes (pH 0.5-3). Turkey is characterized by areas rich in volcanic activity separated by non-volcanic areas. Here we show that Cyanidiophycean populations are present in thermal baths located around Turkey on neutral/alkaline soils. All known genera and species within Cyanidiophytina were detected in Turkey, including Galdieria phlegrea, recorded up to now only in Italian Phlegrean Fields. By phylogenetic analyses, Turkish G. sulphuraria strains are monophyletic with Italian and Icelandic strains, and with Russian G. daedala strains. G. maxima from Turkey clustered with Icelandic, Kamchatka, and Japanese populations. The discovery of Cyanidiophytina in non-acidic Turkish soils raises new questions about the ecological boundaries of these extremophilic algae. This aids in the understanding of the dispersal abilities and distribution patterns of this ecologically and evolutionarily interesting group of algae