Screening for Chronic Kidney Disease in Relatives of Hemodialysis Patients

Objective: To estimate the prevalence and socioeconomic characteristics of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) in first and second-degree relatives of patients on hemodialysis Method: A questionnaire was applied on socioeconomic conditions, lifestyle, and personal pathological background. The formula of CKD-EPI and/or proteinuria greater than or equal to 1+ was used to characterize CKD. Analysis using the logistic regression model. Results: 408 individuals were evaluated and 12% had CKD. 6.61% had a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) ≤ 60 mL / min / 1.73 m2 and 5.39% proteinuria in the urine. The variables associated with the presence of CKD were age (OR = 1,60; 95% IC = 1,31-1,96), PAS (OR: 1,69; 95% IC: 1,24-2,28), PAD (OR: 1,52; 95% IC: 1,18- 1,96) and blood glucose (OR: 2,03; 95% IC: 1,38-2,99). Conclusion: It is necessary to implement routines for systematic evaluation that prevent or delay the loss of renal function, in addition to measures that improve the pre-dialysis clinical conditions of this population. Keywords: Chronic kidney disease, Family, Glomerular filtration rate. DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/11-10-06 Publication date:May 31st 202

Stafne's Defect with Buccal Cortical Expansion: A Case Report

A rare case of Stafne's bone cavity, type III-G, is reported in a 49-year-old male patient who had been referred to a private clinic for a routine evaluation. The final diagnosis was based on computed tomography. Scintigraphy played a fundamental role in determining the most likely etiology

Spectrochemical differentiation in gestational diabetes mellitus based on attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy and multivariate analysis

Abstract: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a hyperglycaemic imbalance first recognized during pregnancy, and affects up to 22% of pregnancies worldwide, bringing negative maternal–fetal consequences in the short- and long-term. In order to better characterize GDM in pregnant women, 100 blood plasma samples (50 GDM and 50 healthy pregnant control group) were submitted Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, using chemometric approaches, including feature selection algorithms associated with discriminant analysis, such as Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Quadratic Discriminant Analysis (QDA) and Support Vector Machines (SVM), analyzed in the biofingerprint region between 1800 and 900 cm−1 followed by Savitzky–Golay smoothing, baseline correction and normalization to Amide-I band (~ 1650 cm−1). An initial exploratory analysis of the data by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed a separation tendency between the two groups, which were then classified by supervised algorithms. Overall, the results obtained by Genetic Algorithm Linear Discriminant Analysis (GA-LDA) were the most satisfactory, with an accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of 100%. The spectral features responsible for group differentiation were attributed mainly to the lipid/protein regions (1462–1747 cm−1). These findings demonstrate, for the first time, the potential of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis as a screening tool for fast and low-cost GDM detection

ANÁLISE FÍSICO-QUÍMICA DA ÁGUA UTILIZADA PARA CONSUMO NAS ESCOLAS MUNICIPAIS DA ZONA URBANA DE ESPERANÇA/PB

The present work had the objective of verifying the physical-chemical quality of the water that supplies the municipal schools of the urban zone of the city of Esperança - PB. The water samples were collected in 2 liter plastic bottles in 7 municipal schools and were sent to the Chemistry Laboratory (LQ) of the Federal Institute of Paraíba, campus of Campina Grande, to carry out the analyzes. The physico-chemical parameters of the waters were determined following the methodologies of the Adolfo Lutz Institute manual (2008). The values were evaluated according to the recommendations of Ministerial Order No. 2914/2011 of the Ministry of Health. The names of the schools were kept confidential, and the samples were collected, identified by 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7. They were analyzed the following parameters: pH, temperature, color, alkalinity, carbonic acidity and chloride. All samples met the stipulated standards, relative to pH; in relation to the apparent color, sample 6 presented a higher value, not meeting the current standard; the samples had an average alkalinity of 23.7 mg / L CaCO3, due to the presence of bicarbonates; the carbonic acidity ranged from 12 to 17.9 mg / L of CaCO3 and was therefore outside the range allowed by the legislation, which establishes a maximum content of 10 mg / L CaCO3, and the chloride content was on average 119, 63 mg / L of Cl-, being within the standards allowed by said decree that establishes a content of 250 mg / L Cl- as the maximum allowed value for drinking water.Keywords: Water quality; Potable water; Human consumption.O presente trabalho teve o objetivo de verificar a qualidade físico-química da água que abastece as escolas municipais da zona urbana da cidade de Esperança – PB. As amostras de água foram coletadas em garrafas plásticas de 2 litros em 7 escolas municipais e foram encaminhadas ao laboratório de Química (LQ) do Instituto Federal da Paraíba, campus de Campina Grande, para a realização das análises. Os parâmetros físico-químicos das águas foram determinados seguindo-se as metodologias do manual do Instituto Adolfo Lutz (2008). Os valores foram avaliados conforme as recomendações da portaria de nº 2914/2011 do Ministério da Saúde. O nome das escolas foi mantido em sigilo, sendo as amostras coletadas, identificadas por 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 e 7. Foram analisados os seguintes parâmetros: pH, temperatura, cor, alcalinidade, acidez carbônica e cloreto. Todas as amostras atenderam aos padrões estipulados, com relação ao pH; em relação a cor aparente, a amostra 6 apresentou um valor superior, não atendendo ao padrão vigente; as amostras apresentaram uma alcalinidade média de 23,7 mg/L de CaCO3, isso devido a presença de bicarbonatos; a acidez carbônica variou de 12 a 17,9 mg/L de CaCO3, estando portanto, fora da faixa permitida pela legislação, que estabelece um teor máximo de 10 mg/L de CaCO3, e o teor de cloreto foi em média de 119,63 mg/L de Cl-, estando dentro dos padrões permitidos pela referida portaria que estabelece um teor de 250 mg/L de Cl- como valor máximo permitido para água potável.Palavras-chave: Qualidade da água, Água Potável, Consumo humano

O brincar na educação física infantil: uma revisão sistemática / Playing in children's physical education: a systematic review

O artigo tem por objetivo desenvolver uma revisão sistemática acerca dos artigos publicados, nas principais revistas nacionais da área da Educação Física, que tenham como foco o brincar na Educação Física Infantil e identificar o número de artigos nas diferentes revistas, as metodologias mais utilizadas, os autores mais citados e verificar os principais resultados alcançados nesses artigos.  A seleção dos artigos para a pesquisa se deu por meio de busca eletrônica no Portal Periódicos CAPES/MEC, por este reunir inúmeros artigos de revistas cientificas especializadas para acesso de pesquisadores em todo Brasil.  A busca foi feita com as seguintes palavras chaves: Brincar, Educação Física Infantil e Educação Infantil. Observou-se nos 11 artigos selecionados para a análise, por estarem relacionados ao brincar na educação física infantil, a grande importância que o brincar tem no processo de ensino e aprendizagem de crianças, mas que ainda não é incentivado da forma que deveria ser nas escolas. Muitas vezes, os objetivos de aceleração da alfabetização negligenciam e sufocam o brincar no espaço escolar. Os artigos ainda enfatizam a necessidade de mais estudos sobre o brincar e sua relação com o processo de ensino e aprendizagem

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Dosimetria e qualidade de imagem em tomografia computadorizada para implante dentário

O uso da tomografia computadorizada (TC) na área da saúde continua a aumentar rapidamente, devido à sua excelente resolução para tecido de baixo contraste, informação tridimensional e rápido tempo de aquisição. Apesar de seu alto valor diagnóstico, existem preocupações a respeito dos riscos associados à exposição dos pacientes à radiação ionizante. Em virtude disso, o princípio de “tão baixo quanto razoavelmente possível” (ALARA) visa reduzir a dose de radiação na prática clínica. Assim, esforços estão sendo feitos para controlar a exposição à radiação através de técnicas melhoradas e prevenção de exames desnecessários. Dentro deste contexto, existe o desafio de produzir imagens clínicas envolvendo doses reduzidas, com a finalidade de estudar os efeitos do aumento do ruído na performance diagnóstica. No entanto, a preocupação com o risco de repetição do exame limita a utilização de protocolos de baixa dose para avaliação de estruturas de alto contraste. Na geração de imagens pré-implante, em particular, o risco/benefício deve ser estimado, de modo a maximizar o resultado do exame tomográfico