Pluralism in economics : from epistemology to hermeneutics

The objective of this paper is to bring elements from the philosophical movement ofhermeneutics and pragmatism to the discussion on methodology in economics, with aspecific concern on the theory of truth. Our aim is to present the concept of thehermeneutic space, developed by the philosopher Richard Rorty, as a rational justificationfor pluralism in economics. We consider the hermeneutic space an interesting conceptwhich should allow us to overcome the void left by the incapacity of epistemologicaltheories to explain the evolution of sciences. It defends the idea that our culture, values andways of interpreting things are what build the sciences, not any closed epistemologicalmethod. In this sense, pluralism is nothing more than letting the hermeneutic space work,without epistemological barriers, and understanding that this is desirable for the futuredevelopment of economics as a science. This approach differs from all othermethodological justifications for pluralism because it does not rely on any epistemologicalmethod, but assumes that the hermeneutic space can entirely fulfill the gap created by them

Implementation of a low complexity structure for MIMO-GFDM receivers based on the interference cancellation technique

The emerging mobile communication systems towards an unprecedented evolution in terms of flexibility, data rate, and latency, enabling wireless networks to support applications that are typically backed by wired technologies. The next generation of mobile communication is already being discussed by the scientific community, standardization institutes, and players in the mobile communication market. The foreseen scenarios are already beginning to be outlined, anticipating that they might be even harder to achieve considering the expected increase in flexibility while supporting conflicting requirements across several applications in different verticals, besides higher data rates, broader coverage, wider frequency bands, and extreme low latency. It is clear that future mobile networks cannot rely on a single radio access network to meet all these demands. Different approaches are needed to address all requirements, but SM (Spatial Multiplexing)- MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) schemes represent a key technology for most future wireless systems. SM-MIMO can provide the necessary bandwidth, reducing the frame duration and increasing the robustness for data with a very short life span. Furthermore, integrating SM-MIMO systems with advanced detection schemes, that leverage both diversity and multiplexing gains, can substantially boost throughput and extend coverage area. Usually, MIMO schemes are combined with OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) to deal with double-dispersive channels, assuming that the channel coherence time is larger than the duration of the OFDM block and the channel coherence bandwidth is larger than the subcarrier bandwidth. However, OFDM presents limitations that could hinder its applications in future mobile systems. High OOB (Out-of-Band) emissions, low flexibility in terms of parameterization, and low spectral and energy efficiencies for channels with large delay profiles are some examples of these restrictions. In this sense, GFDM (Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing) can be considered a feasible alternative. However, a challenge arises when considering non-orthogonal MIMOGFDM since conventional linear detectors exhibit higher complexity and inferior performance compared to MIMO-OFDM systems. Consequently, there is a compelling need to explore non-conventional detectors that simultaneously reduce complexity while aiming for performance enhancement. For this end, this thesis reviews fundamental concepts in linear estimation and detection techniques, providing a straightforward algorithmic description that enables complexity comparison and performance simulation. This work adapts the low complexity and low latency iterative MMSE (Minimum Mean Squared Error)- PIC (Parallel Interference Cancelation) introduced in [1], designing and simulating its performance in a practical 6G (Sixth Generation) transceiver for the eRAC (Enhanced Remote Area Communications) scenario, a challenging task assuming a non-orthogonal GFDM waveform. The final results, presented in this work, show that MIMO-GFDM is an interesting approach to deal with very contrasting and challenging requirements in mobile networks. As a result, the pragmatic assessment of theoretical concepts, validated through simulations, is interesting to the scientific community, as it demonstrates the potential improvements that the adoption of a new technology can achieve. Furthermore, this work provides a versatile computational model, which is an essential tool and also a reliable reference for hardware development and performance evaluation.Os sistemas de comunicação móvel emergentes estão evoluindo de forma sem precedentes em termos de flexibilidade, taxa de dados e latência, permitindo que as redes sem fio suportem aplicações que normalmente são sustentadas por tecnologias cabeadas. A próxima geração de comunicação móvel já está sendo discutida pela comunidade científica, institutos de padronização e pelos atores do mercado de comunicação móvel. Os cenários previstos já estão começando a ser delineados, antecipando que podem ser ainda mais difíceis de alcançar, considerando o aumento esperado na flexibilidade, enquanto suportam requisitos conflitantes em várias aplicações e em diferentes setores, além de taxas de dados mais altas, maior cobertura, bandas de frequência mais amplas e latência extremamente baixa. É claro que as futuras redes móveis não podem depender de uma única rede de acesso sem fio para satisfazer a todas essas demandas. Abordagens diferentes são necessárias para atender a todos os requisitos, mas os esquemas SM-MIMO representam uma tecnologia chave para a maioria dos futuros sistemas sem fio. O SMMIMO pode fornecer a vazão necessária, reduzindo a duração do quadro e aumentando a robustez para informações com uma vida útil muito curta. Além disso, integrar sistemas SM-MIMO com esquemas de detecção avançados, que aproveitam tanto o ganho de diversidade quanto o de multiplexação, pode aumentar substancialmente a taxa de transferência e estender a cobertura da rede móvel. Normalmente, os esquemas MIMO são combinados com OFDM para lidar com canais duplamente dispersivos, assumindo que o tempo de coerência do canal é maior que a duração do bloco OFDM e a largura de banda de coerência do canal é maior que a largura de banda de uma subportadora. No entanto, o OFDM apresenta limitações que podem dificultar suas aplicações em sistemas móveis futuros. Altas emissões fora da banda, baixa flexibilidade em termos de parametrização e baixa eficiência espectral e energética para canais com longos perfis de atraso são alguns exemplos dessas restrições. Nesse sentido, o GFDM pode ser considerado uma alternativa viável. Entretanto, há um grande desafio ao uso do MIMO GFDM não ortogonal uma vez que os detectores lineares convencionais apresentam maior complexidade e desempenho inferior em comparação com os sistemas MIMO OFDM. Como resultado, há uma necessidade premente de explorar detectores não convencionais que reduzam a complexidade ao mesmo tempo em que buscam melhorias de desempenho. Para esse fim, esta tese revisa conceitos fundamentais sobre técnicas de estimação linear e detecção, fornecendo uma descrição algorítmica direta que permite a comparação de complexidade e simulação de desempenho. Este trabalho adapta o MMSE-PIC iterativo de baixa complexidade e baixa latência introduzido em [1], projetando e simulando seu desempenho em um transceptor 6G prático para o cenário eRAC, uma tarefa desafiadora assumindo que a forma de onda GFDM não é ortogonal. Os resultados finais apresentados neste trabalho mostram que o MIMO-GFDM é uma abordagem interessante para lidar com os requisitos contrastantes e desafiadores das futuras redes móveis. Logo, a avaliação pragmática de conceitos teóricos, validada por meio de simulações, é de interesse da comunidade acadêmica, pois demonstra as potenciais melhorias que a adoção de uma nova tecnologia pode alcançar. Além disso, esta tese fornece um modelo computacional versátil, uma ferramenta essencial, e também uma referência confiável, para o desenvolvimento de hardware e avaliação de desempenho

Os padrões de metadados como recursos tecnológicos para a garantia da preservação digital

The guarantee of long-term digital preservation will only be possible with the effective implementation of metadata standards or schemas, because these will determine the description, representation, consistency and persistence of the digital resource/object in information environments, as well as defining interoperability between systems. The adoption of metadata for preservation supports the management of processes for the archiving and maintenance of access to digital information in the long term, guaranteeing authenticity, integrity and reliability. In this scenario, the aim of this study was to identify and describe metadata standards or schemas that could be considered by institutions that are developing their institutional repositories, so that digital preservation might be addressed. To that end, a literature review, and its systematization and content analysis were carried out. The following metadata standards and schemas were selected and analyzed: DUBLIN CORE (DC), MODS, EAD, ANSI/NISO Z39.87, METS and PREMIS. The results indicate that the descriptive and technical metadata DC, MODS, EAD and ANSI/NISO Z39.87 or MIX have a role that is more directed to supporting METS and PREMIS, both in discovering and recording the technical aspects of digital objects, and in the proof of its provenance, authenticity, context and integrity. Encompassing descriptive, structural, administrative and preservation metadata of PREMIS, METS can manage digital objects acting as a Submission Information Package (SIP), Archival Information Package (AIP) or Dissemination Information Package (DIP) in an Open Archival Information System (OAIS).La garantía de preservación digital a largo plazo sólo será posible con la adopción efetiva de estándares o esquemas de metadatos, pues son ellos los que determinarán la descripción, la representación, la consistencia y la persistencia del recurso/objeto digital en el ambiente de información, además de definir la interoperabilidad entre sistemas. La adopción de metadatos para la  preservación apoya la administración de los procesos relativos al archivado y al mantenimiento del acceso a la información digital a largo plazo, con garantías de autenticidad, integridad y fiabilidad. En este escenario, fue objetivo del trabajo identificar y describir estándares o esquemas de metadatos que podrían ser considerados por las instituciones que están desarrollando sus repositorios institucionales, para que puedan considerar la preservación digital. Para ello, fue desarrollada una investigación bibliográfica, sistematización y análisis de contenido. Fueron selecionados y analizados los siguientes esquemas y patrones de metadatos: DUBLIN CORE, MODS, EAD, ANSI/NISO Z39.87, METS y el PREMIS. El análisis de los resultados señala que los metadados descriptivos y técnicos del DC, MODS, EAD y ANSI/NISO Z39.87 o MIX, poseen un rol de directricez al considerar el METS y el PREMIS, tanto en el descubrimiento y en el registro de los aspectos técnicos del objeto digital, como en la comprovación de su procedencia, autenticidad, contexto e integridad. Englobando los metadados descriptivos, estructurales, administrativos y de preservación del PREMIS, el METS puede gestionar los objetos digitales actuando como un Paquete de Sumisión de Información (PSI), Paquete de Archivado de Información (PAI) o Paquete de Diseminación de Información (PDI) en un Sistema Abierto de Archivado de Información (SAAI).A garantia de preservação digital a longo prazo só será possível com a adoção efetiva de padrões ou esquemas de metadados, pois são eles que determinarão a descrição, a representação, a consistência e a persistência do recurso/objeto digital no ambiente informacional, além de definir a interoperabilidade entre sistemas. A adoção de metadados para preservação apoia a administração dos processos relativos ao arquivamento e à manutenção do acesso à informação digital a longo prazo, com garantias de autenticidade, de integridade e de confiabilidade. Neste cenário, foi objetivo do trabalho identificar e descrever padrões ou esquemas de metadados que poderiam ser considerados por instituições que estão desenvolvendo seus repositórios institucionais, para que possam contemplar a preservação digital. Para tanto, foi desenvolvida pesquisa bibliográfica e sistematização e análise de conteúdo. Foram selecionados e analisados os seguintes esquemas e padrões de metadados: DUBLIN CORE, MODS, EAD, ANSI/NISO Z39.87, METS e o PREMIS. A análise dos resultados indica que os metadados descritivos e técnicos do DC, MODS, EAD e ANSI/NISO Z39.87 ou MIX, possuem um papel mais direcionado a amparar o METS e o PREMIS, tanto na descoberta e no registro dos aspectos técnicos do objeto digital, como na comprovação de sua procedência, autenticidade, contexto e integridade. Englobando metadados descritivos, estruturais, administrativos e de preservação do PREMIS, o METS pode gerir os objetos digitais atuando como um Pacote de Submissão de Informação (PSI), Pacote de Arquivamento de Informação (PAI) ou Pacote de Disseminação de Informação (PDI) num Sistema Aberto de Arquivamento de Informação (SAAI)

O percurso histórico da cultura drag: uma análise da cena queer carioca

Investiga aspectos globais da construção da cultura drag, partindo de contextos em que o ato de se montar representava apenas uma necessidade cênica; até o atual contexto; para, num momento posterior, tecer uma análise da atual cena drag carioca, mapeando as diferenças e semelhanças entre duas gerações de drag queens, representadas pelos coletivos Turma OK e Drags-se. São observados também aspectos históricos da cena drag local, bem como as influências, concepções artísticas e posições políticas das artistas abordadas para, dessa maneira, determinar as razões do “corte geracional” observado entre as neo drags, grupo de artistas surgido recentemente, e a geração anterior a elas

Isometric handgrip does not elicit cardiovascular overload or post-exercise hypotension in hypertensive older women

Background: Arterial hypertension is a serious health problem affecting mainly the elderly population. Recent studies have considered both aerobic and resistance exercises as a non-pharmacological aid for arterial hypertension treatment. However, the cardiovascular responses of the elderly to isometric resistance exercise (eg, isometric handgrip [IHG]) have not yet been documented. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate cardiovascular responses to different intensities of isometric exercise, as well as the occurrence of post-isometric exercise hypotension in hypertensive elderly people under antihypertensive medication treatment. Patients and methods: Twelve women volunteered to participate in the study after a maximal voluntary contraction test (MVC) and standardization of the intervention workload consisting of two sessions of IHG exercise performed in four sets of five contractions of a 10-second duration. Sessions were performed both at 30% of the MVC and 50% of the MVC, using a unilateral IHG protocol.\ud Both intensities were compared with a control session without exercise. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at rest (R), during peak exercise (PE), and after 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes of post-exercise recovery were evaluated. Results: No significant changes were observed after isometric exercise corresponding to 30% MVC for either SBP (R: 121 ± 10; PE: 127 ± 14; 5 min: 125 ± 13; 10 min: 123 ± 12; 15 min: 122 ± 11; 30 min: 124 ± 11; 45 min: 124 ± 10; 60 min: 121 ± 10 mmHg) or DBP (R: 74 ± 9; PE: 76 ± 6; 5 min: 74 ± 5; 10 min: 72 ± 8; 15 min: 72 ± 5; 30 min: 72 ± 8; 45 min: 73 ± 6; 60 min: 75 ± 7 mmHg). Similarly, the 50% MVC did not promote post-isometric exercise hypotension for either SBP (R: 120 ± 7; PE: 125 ± 11; 5 min: 120 ± 9; 10 min: 122 ± 9; 15 min: 121 ± 11; 30 min: 121 ± 9; 45 min: 121 ± 9; 60 min: 120 ± 7 mmHg) or DBP (R: 72 ± 8; PE: 78 ± 7; 5 min: 72 ± 7; 10 min: 72 ± 8; 15 min: 71 ± 7; 30 min: 72 ± 8; 45 min: 75 ± 10; 60 min: 75 ± 7 mmHg). Conclusion: Our data reveal that cardiovascular overload or post-exercise hypotension did not occur in elderly women with controlled hypertension when they undertook an IHG session. Thus this type of resistance exercise, with mild to moderate intensity, with short time of contraction appears to be safe for this populationFAPESP 2011/03528-0CAPE

AVALIAÇÃO DE RISCO FÍSICO: EXPOSIÇÃO OCUPACIONAL AOS NÍVEIS DE PRESSÃO SONORA EM UMA INDÚSTRIA DE TRANSFORMAÇÃO

Dentre as formas de energia caracterizada como riscos físicos, exemplo o ruído, pode ser considerado como um dos principais agentes causadores de doenças ocupacionais. Objetivou-se avaliar a exposição dos operadores de máquinas de uma indústria de transformação, aos níveis de pressão sonora para comparação dos níveis estabelecidos pela legislação brasileira e determinação da dose diária que os operadores estão expostos. O estudo foi desenvolvido em uma serraria que realiza o desdobro de madeira, localizada no Estado de São Paulo. Os níveis de ruído foram coletados durante toda a jornada diária de trabalho por meio de um dosímetro de uso pessoal. Os resultados evidenciaram que dentre os postos de trabalho ponderados no estudo, somente um posto não possui nível de ruído acima do estabelecido pela legislação vigente. Logo, torna-se imperativo a utilização de equipamentos de proteção individual e de equipamentos de proteção coletiva, ademais, recomenda-se o enclausuramento acústico das máquinas geradoras de ruído acima de 115 dBA

The Impact of Felling Method, Bunch Size, Slope Degree and Skidding Area on Productivity and Costs of Skidding in a Eucalyptus Plantation

Grapple skidder is a machine designed for the extraction of tree bunches after felling. Several factors influence its technical performance and costs such as terrain slope, operator experience time, machine type, and the size of tree bunches for each operating cycle, among others. Thus, it becomes necessary to weigh the variables that most influence the productivity and costs of the grapple skidder. So, the main objective was evaluated according to the influence of bunch size using two feller bunchers with distinct technical characteristics, two slope classes and two skidding areas on the productivity and machine production cost in a Eucalyptus plantation. For the analysis of the productivity, the study of time and method was applied and the scheduled machine cost per hour was based on the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations methods. When analyzing the results, it was found that the operational elements moving without load (MWoL) and moving with load (MWL) were the ones that spend the most time in the operational cycle of the grapple skidder. Among the cost components, monetary expenditure on fuel and operator labor were the most influential in the scheduled machine cost per hour. In conclusion, the tree bunches and slope class influenced the productivity and, consequently, the cost of the skidding operation

Technical-Economic Analysis of Grapple Saw: A Stochastic Approach

The processing of Eucalyptus logs is a stage that follows the full tree system in mechanized forest harvesting, commonly performed by grapple saw. Therefore, this activity presents some associated uncertainties, especially regarding technical and silvicultural factors that can affect productivity and production costs. To get around this problem, Monte Carlo simulation can be applied, or rather a technique that allows to measure the probabilities of values from factors that are under conditions of uncertainties, to which probability distributions are attributed. The objective of this study was to apply the Monte Carlo method for determining the probabilistic technical-economical coefficients of log processing using two different grapple saw models. Field data were obtained from an area of forest planted with Eucalyptus, located in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. For the technical analysis, the time study protocol was applied by the method of continuous reading of the operational cycle elements, which resulted in production. As for the estimated cost of programmed hour, the applied methods were recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The incorporation of the uncertainties was carried out by applying the Monte Carlo simulation method, by which 100,000 random values were generated. The results showed that the crane empty movement is the operational element that most impacts the total time for processing the logs; the variables that most influence the productivity are specific to each grapple saw model; the difference of USD 0.04 m3 in production costs was observed between processors with gripping area of 0.58 m2 and 0.85 m2. The Monte Carlo method proved to be an applicable tool for mechanized wood harvesting for presenting a range of probability of occurrences for the operational elements and for the production cost

ECONOMIC VALUATION OF THE Eucalyptus urograndis PRODUCTION IN TWO TYPES OF CONTAINERS

The systematic treatment of uncertainties associated with forest production processes allows the establishment of technical and managerial strategies to mitigate the risk inherent in the application of capital demanded in the production of cuttings. Therefore, the aim of this research was to ascertain the unit risk to produce Eucalyptus cuttings using the Monte Carlo simulation method. Based on the estimate of the production cost of Eucalyptus cuttings and in the expected revenues of six productive systems, characterized as forestry investment projects, it was possible to construct cash flows followed by the metrics used for the decision of mutually exclusive investment projects. The incorporation of risk analysis had as propositions the uncertainties associated with the productive factors, in which probability distributions were attributed. Then, pseudorandom numbers were generated by the Monte Carlo simulation method, with the purpose of measuring the stochastic economic values and the probabilities of occurrences for the project metrics. The stochastic results showed that the probability of economic viability for the analyzed conditions is null. The most critical stochastic variables of forestry projects are investments and the cycle production of cuttings.

Exposure to Occupational Noise: Machine Operators of Full Tree System in Brazil

Physical agent noise can be considered one of the main disturbances that compromise the occupational health of self-propelled forest machine operators. We evaluated whether occupational noise levels emitted by self-propelled forest machines employed in the full tree system are in accordance with both the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health and ISO 1999:2013 standards, while also proposing mitigating measures aimed at protecting the operators hearing. Seventeen operators, who performed wood harvesting operations in Eucalyptus forests in Brazil, were analyzed. Noise levels were collected in a daily shift of eight hours as recommended by the Acoustics – Determination of occupational noise exposure - Engineering method for full-day measurements (ISO 9612:2009). The standards adopted for the evaluation were the exposure action value of 80 dBA and the exposure limit of 85 dBA based on the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health – NIOSH and on Acoustics – Estimation of noise-induced hearing loss (ISO 1999:2013) Directive 2003/10/EC. The operators were arranged in homogeneous groups according to the Acoustics recommendation – Determination of occupational noise exposure – Engineering method for full-day measurements (ISO 9612:2009), classified by the operations of felling, skidding of tree bundles and bucking. The results showed that 17 self-propelled forest machines exceeded the exposure action value of 80 dBA, of which 10 machines exceeded the exposure limit of 85 dBA. It was concluded that the levels of occupational noise emitted by self-propelled forest machines used in the full tree system are higher than those recommended by both standards, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health and ISO 1999:2013. Therefore, the allocation of selfpropelled forest machines to homogeneous groups allows inferring mitigation actions that protect operators’ hearing. The correct use of hearing protectors during the daily workday provides hearing protection for operators in mechanized wood harvesting. Adoption of actions such as maintenance of cabin seals and mechanical components, breaks for fatigue relief, reduction of daily working hours and rotation of operators in different self-propelled forest machines can mitigate the damage to the occupational health of operators