FIFAs Human Rights Policy - En undersökning av FIFAs bild av ansvar inför VM i Qatar 2022

Det internationella fotbollsförbundet överraskade en hel värld när man tilldelade världsmästerskapet i fotboll 2022 till Qatar. Vad som hoppades bli en positiv utveckling för sporten, i och med en banbrytande förflyttning av världsmästerskapen, omkantades tilldelningen istället av massiv kritik, uppgifter om mutor samt grova människorättsliga kränkningar. Rapporter om inhumana förhållanden för arbetarna i Qatar och allvarliga kränkningar av mänskliga rättigheter har riktat uppmärksamhet mot både regeringen i Qatar samt FIFA i termer av vem som haft ansvaret för den uppkomna situationen. Syf-tet med denna uppsats har varit att undersöka vilket ansvar FIFA själva anser att de har i relation till situationen i Qatar. Utgångspunkten för undersökningen har varit FIFAs egen människorättspolicy vilken David Millers teori om ansvarsfördelning tillämpats på. Teorin reflekterar över hur ansvar ska fördelas när människor kränkts eller ogynnsamt påverkats av någon sorts entitet. Med hjälp av en kvalitativ innehållsanalys har det faktiska innehållet i FIFAs policy analyserats och bedömts där fokus i analysen legat på uttrycksformer och formuleringar. Sammanfattningsvis är förståelsen av FIFAs männi-skorättspolicy enligt teorins principer och analysens resultat den att moraliskt och kapa-citetsmässigt, bör FIFA anses ansvariga för situationen i Qatar. Policyns generella am-biguitet i sin helhet öppnar upp för två potentiella slutsatser. Antingen att policyns ut-formning är gjord med avsikt för att inte vilja tillskriva sig för starkt ansvar. Eller att dess ambiguitet i ansvarfördelning pekar på att ansvar i denna situation bör fördelas

M-Theory Inflation from Multi M5-Brane Dynamics

We derive inflation from M-theory on S^1/Z_2 via the non-perturbative dynamics of N M5-branes. The open membrane instanton interactions between the M5-branes give rise to exponential potentials which are too steep for inflation individually but lead to inflation when combined together. The resulting type of inflation, known as assisted inflation, facilitates considerably the requirement of having all moduli, except the inflaton, stabilized at the beginning of inflation. During inflation the distances between the M5-branes, which correspond to the inflatons, grow until they reach the size of the S^1/Z_2 orbifold. At this stage the M5-branes will reheat the universe by dissolving into the boundaries through small instanton transitions. Further flux and non-perturbative contributions become important at this late stage, bringing inflation to an end and stabilizing the moduli. We find that with moderate values for N, one obtains both a sufficient amount of e-foldings and the right size for the spectral index.Comment: 30 pages, 3 figures; v3: one comment and refs adde

Integration of molecular profiles in a longitudinal wellness profiling cohort

An important aspect of precision medicine is to probe the stability in molecular profiles among healthy individuals over time. Here, we sample a longitudinal wellness cohort with 100 healthy individuals and analyze blood molecular profiles including proteomics, transcriptomics, lipidomics, metabolomics, autoantibodies and immune cell profiling, complemented with gut microbiota composition and routine clinical chemistry. Overall, our results show high variation between individuals across different molecular readouts, while the intra-individual baseline variation is low. The analyses show that each individual has a unique and stable plasma protein profile throughout the study period and that many individuals also show distinct profiles with regards to the other omics datasets, with strong underlying connections between the blood proteome and the clinical chemistry parameters. In conclusion, the results support an individual-based definition of health and show that comprehensive omics profiling in a longitudinal manner is a path forward for precision medicine

Blinda perspektiv på maskulinitet : En intervjustudie om blinda mäns levda erfarenheter av maskulinitet

This study examines the perspectives and lived experiences of seven blind men in their embodied tactile, audial and olfactory sensations and experiences, and situating their identities in both societal and historical conditions and social discourses and prejudices in regards to masculinity, blindness and disabled bodies. Through theories on embodiment, phenomenology, gender performativity, crip theory and intersectional theory, studies on blind gendered experiences, historical research on blind life experiences in Sweden, and linguistic and cultural representations of blindness, this study examines how the subjectivity of each participant is created in the meeting and interactions between the individual embodied experience and the societal intersubjective experience of living in a blind body. The participants regard masculinity as a collection of norms, attitudes and expectations, that is characterized by a competitive social dominance, scarce or lack of emotional expressions, egocentrism and disregard for other, and being sexually active and successful. Masculinity is expressed through a range of embodied performative actions such as audibly, tactile, olfactory, and visually. The participants The participants express a societal pressure on performing masculinity, as living as a blind subject and not adhering to assigned gender norms have profound effects and consequences on the individuals options and opportunities to form both professional and intimate relationships, and thus accelerate risks of experiencing unemployment, stigmatization, and social isolation. The rigid frames of masculinity blind men live under is closely intertwined with their socioeconomic status in society, and the empowerment and broader representation of disabled bodies och subjects is the key to a more open untethered blind expression and understanding of gender

Att balansera mellan autenticitet och trygghet : En intervjustudie om autistiska transpersoners levda erfarenheter och perspektiv, och upplevelser av den svenska transvården

This study examines the perspectives and intersectional lived experiences of sevenparticipants who all identify as autistic trans people. This has been accomplished through seven semi-structured interviews, a theoretical framework of critical autistic and transperspectives, and prior research on experiences of Swedish trans healthcare and international research on autistic trans peoples experiences. My aim has been to analyze the embodied experiences and perspectives regarding how the participants define and understand autism and trans; if they find that there exist important intersections between their autistic and trans identities and experiences; and what power structures and discourses that shape their view and experiences of the Swedish trans health care and how it treats autistic clients. The conclusions from my analysis were that the informants perceive autism to be aform of embodied subjectivity shaped by a neurodivergent cognitive perception that often leads to different kinds of norm-nonconforming behaviors, and that trans is an all-encompassing term that includes the lived experiences of people who don’t identify with the gender they were assigned at birth, and the empowering acts of regaining the control of one's own life narrative and one's body. The participants don't perceive there to be a intersectional medical link between autism and trans — that one causes the other — but rather that both experiences can help one in understanding the other. Several of the participants discuss how their autistic subjectivity and the societal experiences that come with it have been key in realizing and understanding their trans identities. The participants view that there are many societal prejudices, myths and false discourses regarding autism and trans that are prevalent in the Swedish trans health care system, and fear that the knowledge of them being autistic will negatively impact their prospects to be granted gender affirming care. They view the Swedish trans health care system not as a supporting societal function, but rather as a normative biopolitical function that control, regulate and disempower trans people and trans bodies through grueling evaluations. My suggestions for further research is researching experiences of socioeconomic inequality among autistic trans people, and interdisciplinary research on creating accommodating procedures and strategies for autistic trans clients in trans health caresystems

Att balansera mellan autenticitet och trygghet : En intervjustudie om autistiska transpersoners levda erfarenheter och perspektiv, och upplevelser av den svenska transvården

This study examines the perspectives and intersectional lived experiences of sevenparticipants who all identify as autistic trans people. This has been accomplished through seven semi-structured interviews, a theoretical framework of critical autistic and transperspectives, and prior research on experiences of Swedish trans healthcare and international research on autistic trans peoples experiences. My aim has been to analyze the embodied experiences and perspectives regarding how the participants define and understand autism and trans; if they find that there exist important intersections between their autistic and trans identities and experiences; and what power structures and discourses that shape their view and experiences of the Swedish trans health care and how it treats autistic clients. The conclusions from my analysis were that the informants perceive autism to be aform of embodied subjectivity shaped by a neurodivergent cognitive perception that often leads to different kinds of norm-nonconforming behaviors, and that trans is an all-encompassing term that includes the lived experiences of people who don’t identify with the gender they were assigned at birth, and the empowering acts of regaining the control of one's own life narrative and one's body. The participants don't perceive there to be a intersectional medical link between autism and trans — that one causes the other — but rather that both experiences can help one in understanding the other. Several of the participants discuss how their autistic subjectivity and the societal experiences that come with it have been key in realizing and understanding their trans identities. The participants view that there are many societal prejudices, myths and false discourses regarding autism and trans that are prevalent in the Swedish trans health care system, and fear that the knowledge of them being autistic will negatively impact their prospects to be granted gender affirming care. They view the Swedish trans health care system not as a supporting societal function, but rather as a normative biopolitical function that control, regulate and disempower trans people and trans bodies through grueling evaluations. My suggestions for further research is researching experiences of socioeconomic inequality among autistic trans people, and interdisciplinary research on creating accommodating procedures and strategies for autistic trans clients in trans health caresystems

Kärnvapen och mänsklig säkerhet: En studie av regeringens särskilda utredning angående ett tillträde till konventionen om förbud mot kärnvapen

I oktober 2017 tillsatte Sveriges regering en utredning för att analysera konsekvenserna av ett tillträde till konventionen om förbud mot kärnvapen. Genom att undersöka den särskilda utredningens resonemang och slutsatser syftar denna uppsats till att studera och problematisera dess avsaknad av större humanitära perspektiv, i den bredare debatten om kärnvapen. Direktiven för utredningen kretsar övervägande kring konsekvenser på statlig nivå, vilket resulterat i att konsekvensbedömningen av konventionen främst relateras till aspekter gällande Sveriges försvars- och säkerhetspolitik, och i mindre ut-sträckning humanitära konsekvenser. Med hjälp av en innehållsanalys och det teoretiska konceptet mänsklig säkerhet diskuteras utredarens övergripande resonemang där mänsklig säkerhet representerar ett mer humanitärt synsätt. Studien är utformad på så sätt att analysdel ett strukturerar och organiserar utredningen, för att därmed öppna upp för diskussion och problematisering med mänsklig säkerhet i analysdel två. Slutsatsen som dras i undersökningen angående utredningens brist på humanitära aspekter är tudelad. Det är dels problematiskt att varken regeringen eller utredningen i tillräcklig utsträckning tar förbudskonventionens ursprung i beaktning. Konventionen har uppkommit som ett svar på bristande nedrustningsframsteg globalt, samt ur en vilja att utöka de humanitära synsätten i kärnvapendebatten. Det är dessutom problematiskt eftersom trots att humanitära aspekter i form av mänsklig säkerhet går att applicera på utredningens resonemang, har detta inte skett för att nyansera bedömningen av konventionen. Dessa är problem som både bör tillskrivas regeringen och utredningen i sig.In October 2017 the Swedish government appointed an inquiry with the purpose of analyzing the consequences of an accession to the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons. By studying the reasoning and the conclusions of the specially appointed inquiry, the purpose of this study is to examine and to scrutinize its lack of humanitarian perspectives, within a broader debate of nuclear weapons. The inquiry´s terms of reference primarily concerns consequences on a state level, which has resulted in an evaluation of the treaty that predominantly focuses on Sweden´s security and defense policy, and to a lesser extent humanitarian consequences. By using a qualitative content analysis and the theoretical concept of human security, the inquiry´s general reasoning is discussed in which human security represents the humanitarian perspective. The study is designed in the following way, part one of the analysis structures and organizes the inquiry in order to open up for discussion and scrutiny in part two, through human security. The conclusion drawn of the inquiry´s lack of humanitarian perspectives has two aspects. Firstly, the absence of humanitarian focus is problematic because neither the government´s terms of reference nor the inquiry in itself has sufficiently taken into account the treaty´s origins. The treaty is a result of declining disarmament efforts globally, and represents a need of additional humanitarian perspectives in the broader nuclear weapons debate. Secondly, the lack of humanitarian perspectives is also problematic since despite such humanitarian aspects have been possible to apply onto the inquiry´s reasoning, this hasn´t been done to broaden the scope of the evaluation of the treaty. Therefore a problem that should both be ascribed to the government´s terms of reference and the inquiry itself

Feed in organic production

In this booklet, the most common feed materials in Swedish organic production are listed. For each feed ingredient and feedstuff, nutrient content, treatment, opportunities and restrictions are described for feeding to ruminants, pigs and poultry. Additionally, some guidelines on their use are given. Poultry includes laying hens and broiler chickens, but most information can also apply to ducks, geese and turkeys. The feed resources described are organic ley crops, pasture, whole crops, straw, corn, potatoes, oats, barley, wheat, triticale, rye, faba beans, peas, lupins, rape seed and turnip rape, linseed, soya beans and fish meal. The booklet is relevant and available to use for advisors and farmers