Análise de Dados de Percursos Curriculares dos Alunos de Ciência da Computação da Universidade Federal da Paraíba

Diferentemente das pesquisas que analisam dados educacionais de cursos superiores, que visam, sobretudo, o estudo de evasão, este trabalho se propõe a analisar dados acerca de percursos curriculares realizados por alunos que concluíram o curso de Ciência da Computação em uma instituição superior pública. O estudo tem como objetivo identificar melhorias no projeto pedagógico do curso e para o seu desenvolvimento foram definidas questões a responder, a base de dados utilizada para respondê-las e as ferramentas que deram suporte a construção das análises dos dados. Assim foram desenvolvidas análises que responderam as questões e trouxeram informação efetiva para o curso, como os índices de alunos que cursam as disciplinas no semestre recomendado pela matriz curricular, as distribuições das disciplinas por semestres diferentes do recomendado e as taxas de situações obtidas pelos alunos em suas matrículas nas disciplinas. Com essas análises foi possível identificar possíveis pontos de melhoria no projeto pedagógico do curso

Training Status as a Marker of the Relationship between Nitric Oxide, Oxidative Stress, and Blood Pressure in Older Adult Women

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of functional fitness and oxidative capacity on the nitric oxide concentration associated with hemodynamic control in older adult women. The sample consisted of 134 women (65.73 ± 6.14 years old). All subjects underwent a physical examination to assess body mass index, waist-hip ratio, body fat measurement by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and blood pressure (BP). Training status (TS) was evaluated by indirect determination of maximal oxygen uptake by a treadmill test using Balke protocol modified for older adults. Functional fitness was also evaluated through a “Functional Fitness Battery Test” to determine the general fitness functional index (GFFI). All participants were separated according to the functional fitness (TS1, very weak and weak; TS2, regular; TS3, good and very good). Plasma blood samples were used to evaluate prooxidant and antioxidant activity and nitrite and nitrate concentrations. The general results of this study showed that good levels of TS were related to lower levels of lipoperoxidation and protein damage, higher levels of antioxidant, and higher concentration of nitrite and nitrate. This combination may be responsible for the lower levels of BP in subjects with better TS

Análise da demanda de medicamentos sujeitos a controle especial em unidades de saúde em Belém-Pa / Analysis of the demand for drugs subject to special control in health units in Belém-Pa

A atenção à saúde mental tem gerado muitas discussões, pelo fato de grande parte da população brasileira ser acometida por distúrbios psíquicos. O sistema único de saúde priorizou a construção de um sistema tecnológico, sendo ele o Sistema Nacional de Gestão da Assistência Farmacêutica, a ferramenta HÓRUS. Foi analisado neste estudo a demanda da dispensação de medicamentos sujeito a controle especial em unidades básicas de saúde (UBS) no município de Belém do Pará, indicando-se as classes de medicamentos mais utilizadas e o perfil dos usuários, a partir dos relatórios de janeiro a dezembro de 2018 de quatro distritos da cidade. Nos distritos analisados, foram dispensados 25 medicamentos sujeitos a controle especial. Os mais dispensados foram: Amitriptilina 25mg, biperideno 2mg, biperideno injetável, carbamazepina 200mg, clorpromazina 100mg, clorpromazina 25mg, diazepam 5mg, fenitoína sódica 100mg, fluoxetina 20mg e haloperidol 5mg, sendo atendidos 37.793 pacientes, onde 52% eram do sexo feminino e 48% do sexo masculino. Há uma considerável demanda por psicofármacos nas UBS em questão e a prevalência no atendimento para pacientes do sexo feminino, demonstrando a importância da ferramenta HÓRUS no levantamento de indicadores acerca do uso de medicamentos. 

Análise da Demanda de Medicamentos Sujeitos a Controle Especial em Unidades de Saúde em Belém-PA / Analysis of the Demand for Medicines Subject to Special Control in Health Units in Belém-PA

A atenção à saúde mental tem gerado muitas discussões, pelo fato de grande parte da população brasileira ser acometida por distúrbios psíquicos. O sistema único de saúde priorizou a construção de um sistema tecnológico, sendo ele o Sistema Nacional de Gestão da Assistência Farmacêutica, a ferramenta HÓRUS. Foi analisado neste estudo a demanda da dispensação de medicamentos sujeito a controle especial em unidades básicas de saúde (UBS) no município de Belém do Pará, indicando-se as classes de medicamentos mais utilizadas e o perfil dos usuários, a partir dos relatórios de janeiro a dezembro de 2018 de quatro distritos da cidade. Nos distritos analisados, foram dispensados 25 medicamentos sujeitos a controle especial. Os mais dispensados foram: Amitriptilina 25mg, biperideno 2mg, biperideno injetável, carbamazepina 200mg, clorpromazina 100mg, clorpromazina 25mg, diazepam 5mg, fenitoína sódica 100mg, fluoxetina 20mg e haloperidol 5mg, sendo atendidos 37.793 pacientes, onde 52% eram do sexo feminino e 48% do sexo masculino. Há uma considerável demanda por psicofármacos nas UBS em questão e a prevalência no atendimento para pacientes do sexo feminino, demonstrando a importância da ferramenta HÓRUS no levantamento de indicadores acerca do uso de medicamentos

Biofilm Production and In Vitro Susceptibility to Disinfectants of Staphylococcus Coagulase Positive Isolated from Bovine Milk

Background: Mastitis is one of the diseases that cause damage to dairy cattle, and coagulase positive Staphylococcus (CPS), are its main etiological agents. The production of biofilms gives these microorganisms a physiological advantage, being an important virulence factor, as it confers their resistance to the action of disinfectants used in hygiene procedures. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the capacity of CPS, isolated from milk samples from cases of bovine subclinical mastitis in the Alagoas dairy basin, biofilm production and its sensitivity to disinfectant agents used before and after dipping.Materials, Methods & Results: In the Alagoas Milk Basin Region, 10 properties were selected from the municipalities of Batalha, Cacimbinhas, Major Isidoro and Minador do Negrão, which used a mechanical milking system and supplied milk to a dairy under federal inspection. The California Mastitis Test (CMT) was performed on 1155 cows. The animals diagnosed with subclinical mastitis were classified as: mild (+); moderate (++) and severe (+++). CMT positive samples were collected from 2+, totaling 891 samples. After cleaning the papillary ostium, 2 to 5 mL of milk was collected from each fourth breast before milking began. Subsequently, 0.5 µL of each sample was streak plated by exhaustion on 5% Sheep Blood Agar and incubated at 37°C, with readings at 24 and 48 h. The macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the colonies, catalase and coagulase test were evaluated. Biofilm formation was determined by the microplate adhesion test. The efficacy of the sanitizers was evaluated with the active ingredients: lactic acid (2%), allantoin (0.05%), iodine (0.5%), chlorhexidine (2.0%), chlorine (2.5%), at times 15, 30 and 60 seconds. It was observed that 91.2% of the samples were able to form biofilm; Of these, 22.2%, 29.6% and 48.2% were strong, moderate and weak producers, respectively. The sensitivity profile of chlorhexidine isolates was 79.73%, 80.41% and 83.78%; iodine was 59.46%, 65.54% and 66.22% sensitivity over the evaluated time. For allantoin, the isolates presented sensitivity of 22.30%, 27.03% and 37.74%, for lactic acid, 18.92%, 20.95% and 22.30% of the samples were sensitive, and to chlorine, 12.6%, 15.58% and 17.57% of the isolates were sensitive. Moreover, it was observed that the longer the exposure to the disinfectant, the greater the effectiveness of the same.Discussion: The results are in line with literature data. Staphylococcus spp. from milk samples of animals with subclinical mastitis are able to form biofilm, thus being an important virulence factor. The heterogeneity regarding the biofilm production potential of the isolates is due to the different species of Staphylococcus spp. that, through distinct mechanisms, triggers a greater or lesser formation of this virulent factor, as well as having their adhesion tested, end up becoming more strongly attached to the plate. Among the disinfectants tested, it was confirmed that chlorhexidine and iodine are more effective than SCP, which tend to have high levels of sensitivity to these disinfectants. However, although chlorhexidine was more sensitive to SCP, its use in the field should be done with caution, as its effectiveness may be reduced in the presence of chlorinated water or excess organic matter. It is concluded that SCP isolates from bovine milk from subclinical mastitis mammary quarters were able to produce biofilms. These isolates were also in vitro sensitive to chlorhexidine and iodine, but periodic evaluation of the efficacy of disinfectants used before and after milking is necessary

Liga acadêmica em saúde da mulher e obstetrícia no processo de formação do enfermeiro / Academic league in women's health and obstetrics in the process of formation of the nurse

As Ligas Acadêmicas são estratégias desencadeadas na formação em saúde, protagonizadas por discentes e supervisionadas por docentes, que integram atividades de ensino, pesquisa e extensão, tem como base a contribuição e o compromisso com a construção de uma sociedade crítica, autônoma e produtora de conhecimento, a participação dos acadêmicos de enfermagem na liga acadêmica de Saúde da Mulher e Obstetrícia. Objetivando-se descrever os efeitos que a liga acadêmica de saúde da mulher e obstetrícia proporcionou no processo de formação do acadêmico de enfermagem. A metodologia utilizada trata-se de um estudo descritivo tipo relato de experiência, com abordagem qualitativa, relacionado aos efeitos de uma liga acadêmica de saúde da mulher e obstetrícia na formação do profissional enfermeiro durante seu processo de graduação. A liga acadêmica em saúde da mulher e obstetrícia, foi fundada por um grupo de acadêmicas de enfermagem, no ano de 2019, ela foi fundada nos três pilares: ensino, pesquisa e extensão, os principais efeitos que a liga acadêmica de saúde da mulher e obstetrícia, para a formação do enfermeiro, é de extrema importância, pois auxilia no aprendizado do ligante, que futuramente se tornara um profissional, e se tornando cada vez melhor nas técnicas de procedimentos, que são vivencias da pratica, e com a ajuda da liga em todas as etapas de aprendizagem. Contudo, podemos pontuar que os impactos que são causados na formação acadêmica do enfermeiro, são apenas de pontos positivos, aonde engrandece o currículo e as experiências do futuro profissional que está na liga acadêmica

High anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroconversion rates before the second wave in Manaus, Brazil, and the protective effect of social behaviour measures: results from the prospective DETECTCoV-19 cohort

Background: The city of Manaus, Brazil, has seen two collapses of the health system due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We report anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibody seroconversion rates and associated risk factors in Manaus residents before the second wave of the epidemic in Brazil. Methods: A convenience sample of adult (aged ≥18 years) residents of Manaus was recruited through online and university website advertising into the DETECTCoV-19 study cohort. The current analysis of seroconversion included a subgroup of DETECTCoV-19 participants who had at least two serum sample collections separated by at least 4 weeks between Aug 19 and Oct 2, 2020 (visit 1), and Oct 19 and Nov 27, 2020 (visit 2). Those who reported (or had no data on) having a COVID-19 diagnosis before visit 1, and who were positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies at visit 1 were excluded. Using an in-house ELISA, the reactivity index (RI; calculated as the optical density ratio of the sample to the negative control) for serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies was measured at both visits. We calculated the incidence of seroconversion (defined as RI values ≤1·5 at visit 1 and ≥1·5 at visit 2, and a ratio >2 between the visit 2 and visit 1 RI values) during the study period, as well as incidence rate ratios (IRRs) through cluster-corrected and adjusted Poisson regression models to analyse associations between seroconversion and variables related to sociodemographic characteristics, health access, comorbidities, COVID-19 exposure, protective behaviours, and symptoms. Findings: 2496 DETECTCoV-19 cohort participants returned for a follow-up visit between Oct 19 and Nov 27, 2020, of whom 204 reported having COVID-19 before the first visit and 24 had no data regarding previous disease status. 559 participants were seropositive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies at baseline. Of the remaining 1709 participants who were seronegative at baseline, 71 did not meet the criteria for seroconversion and were excluded from the analyses. Among the remaining 1638 participants who were seronegative at baseline, 214 showed seroconversion at visit 2. The seroconversion incidence was 13·06% (95% CI 11·52–14·79) overall and 6·78% (5·61–8·10) for symptomatic seroconversion, over a median follow-up period of 57 days (IQR 54–61). 48·1% of seroconversion events were estimated to be asymptomatic. The sample had higher proportions of affluent and higher-educated people than those reported for the Manaus city population. In the fully adjusted and corrected model, risk factors for seroconversion before visit 2 were having a COVID-19 case in the household (IRR 1·49 [95% CI 1·21–1·83]), not wearing a mask during contact with a person with COVID-19 (1·25 [1·09–1·45]), relaxation of physical distancing (1·31 [1·05–1·64]), and having flu-like symptoms (1·79 [1·23–2·59]) or a COVID-19 diagnosis (3·57 [2·27–5·63]) between the first and second visits, whereas working remotely was associated with lower incidence (0·74 [0·56–0·97]). Interpretation: An intense infection transmission period preceded the second wave of COVID-19 in Manaus. Several modifiable behaviours increased the risk of seroconversion, including non-compliance with non-pharmaceutical interventions measures such as not wearing a mask during contact, relaxation of protective measures, and non-remote working. Increased testing in high-transmission areas is needed to provide timely information about ongoing transmission and aid appropriate implementation of transmission mitigation measures. Funding: Ministry of Education, Brazil; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas; Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)/WHO.World Health OrganizationRevisión por pare

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost