Uso de filmes plásticos no solo para o cultivo de meloeiro irrigado

The aim of this study was the development of two cultivars of melon using different drip irrigation depths, in the absence or presence of plastic films buried at three soil depths. The experiment was conducted in an area with sandy soil using “10-00” and “Goldmine” cultivars. The experiment followed a split-split plot design, in randomized blocks, with three replicates. The treatments consisted of a combination of three irrigation levels (70; 85 and 100% of evapotranspiration) with the use of plastic films buried at depths of 0.2; 0.3 and 0.4 m, besides the treatment without the use of plastic film. It was found that the applied water depths did not significantly influence crop development and the use of plastics promoted no increase in the growth, gas exchange, productivity and fruit quality of the “10-00” and “Goldmine”.O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o desenvolvimento de duas cultivares de meloeiro submetido a diferentes lâminas de irrigação por gotejamento, na ausência ou presença de filmes plásticos enterrados a três profundidades do solo. O experimento foi instalado numa área com solo arenoso, sendo o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, dispostos em esquema de parcelas sub-subdivididas, sendo as parcelas compostas pelos filmes plásticos enterrados a 0,2; 0,3 e 0,4 m e sem plástico: as subparcelas representadas por três lâminas de irrigação (70; 85 e 100% da evapotranspiração da cultura) e duas cultivaresde melão (10-00 e Goldmine), com três repetições. Verificou-se que as lâminas aplicadas não influenciaram significativamente no desenvolvimento da cultura e o uso de plásticos não proporcionaram incremento no crescimento, nas trocas gasosas, na produtividade e na qualidade dos frutos das cultivares “10-00” e “Goldmine”

Observatório Socioambiental em Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional: análise dos indicadores de produção de alimentos em nível municipal no Rio Grande do Sul

Since the 1990, the theme of Human Rights and Food Security (FS) has been developed in Brazil, culminating in the construction of the National Policy and Plan of Food Security (PNSAN and PLANSAN 2012/2015). The PLANSAN proposes sixty indicators divided into seven dimensions, which are clearly related to the Millennium Development Goals. In order to operationalize these indicators in the State of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), the Socio-Environmental Food Security Observatory of Rio Grande do Sul (OBSSAN-RS) was created in partnership with the State Council for Nutrition and Food Security (CONSEA-RS) and the Informatics Department of UFRGS. In this context, the aim of this paper is to present the analysis of indicators of Dimension I (Food Production) of the OBSSAN-RS at municipal level, discussing the importance of this tool for monitoring the establishment of the Human Right to Adequate Food (DHAA). The data available to the municipal level were compared with the indicators suggested by PLANSAN. It was observed that although contemplate important information for understanding the context of food production in the municipalities of the state, the proposed indicators have not reached entirely the requirements to monitoring the SAN in this territorial level, so adapting it is necessary to rating the state of SAN in municipalities of the RS.Desde a década de 1990, a temática dos Direitos Humanos e da Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional - SAN vem sendo desenvolvida no Brasil, culminando na construção da Política e do Plano Nacional de SAN (PNSAN e PLANSAN 2012/2015). O PLANSAN propõe 60 indicadores divididos em sete dimensões, os quais estabelecem clara relação com os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento do Milênio. Com o intuito de operacionalizar esses indicadores no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul - RS foi criado o Observatório Socioambiental em Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional do Rio Grande do Sul - OBSSAN-RS, em parceria com o Conselho Estadual de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional - CONSEA-RS e o Departamento de Informática da UFRGS. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar a análise dos indicadores da Dimensão I (Produção de Alimentos) do OBSSAN-RS em nível municipal, discutindo a importância dessa ferramenta para o monitoramento do estabelecimento do Direito Humano à Alimentação Adequada - DHAA. Os dados disponíveis para o nível municipal foram comparados com os indicadores sugeridos pelo PLANSAN. Observou-se que, apesar de contemplarem informações importantes para a compreensão do contexto da produção de alimentos dos municípios do estado, os indicadores propostos alcançam apenas em parte as necessidades para o monitoramento da SAN neste nível territorial, sendo necessária sua adaptação para a avaliação da SAN nos municípios do RS

Projeto GENOLYPTUS e o Seqüenciamento do Transcriptoma de Eucalyptus : primeiro grupo de bibliotecas de expressão

10

Projeto GENOLYPTUS e o Seqüenciamento do Transcriptoma de Eucalyptus : segundo grupo de bibliotecas de expressão

09

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ