NAS TEIAS DA (RE)SIGNIFICAÇÃO: A VIDA SOCIAL DAS ROUPAS E A DINAMICIDADE DO MERCADO DE SEGUNDA MÃO

RESUMOEste artigo relata resultados de uma pesquisa que buscou compreender as práticas socioculturais e os processos simbólicos presentes nas redes de significações relacionadas às roupas usadas no contexto de comunidades de baixa renda a partir da interação de diversos públicos, como “sacoleiras”, donos de brechós, doadores de roupas, consumidores e organizadores de bazares. Por meio de observação e 25 entrevistas em profundidade, conduzidas com indivíduos pertencentes a esses grupos e à luz da literatura sobre a cultura material e a vida social das coisas, chegamos à proposição de um esquema no qual foi possível articular diversas questões envolvendo a dinamicidade do mercado de roupas de segunda mão no contexto das comunidades de baixa renda. Nos diversos ciclos percebidos nessa dinâmica, cujos elementos centrais são o descarte e a compra, venda e empréstimo dessas roupas, relações sociais podem ser (re)construídas e significados culturais e simbólicos são continuamente (re)modelados, o que parece ser algo revelador para o campo da cultura e consumo.Palavras-chave: Cultura Material. Vida Social das Coisas. Roupas Usadas. ABSTRACTThis paper reports the results of a research that sought to understand the socio-cultural practices and symbolic processes present in the networks of meanings related to clothes used in the context of low-income communities through the interaction of different audiences such as “sacoleiras”, owners of thrift stores, donors clothing, consumers and bazaar organizers. Through observation and 25 in-depth interviews conducted with individuals belonging to these groups and in the light of the literature on the material culture and the social life of things, we arrived at the proposition of one of a scheme in which it was possible to articulate several issues involving dynamics second-hand clothing market in the context of low-income communities. In the various cycles perceived in this dynamic, whose central elements are the disposal and purchase, sale, loan of these clothes, social relations can be (re) constructed and cultural and symbolic meanings are continually (re) modeled, which seems to be something revealing for the field of culture and consumption.Key-words: Material Culture. Social Life of Things. Used Clothes

Sociodemographic and behavioral factors associated with physical activity in Brazilian adolescents

Background\ud Physical activity in adolescents is associated with short- and long-term health benefits. Physical activity can occur in various domains and is influenced by a complex network of factors. The aims of this study are 1) to describe the physical activity of Brazilian adolescents in physical education classes, during leisure time, and during active commuting and 2) to investigate the socio-demographic and behavioral factors associated with physical activity.\ud \ud \ud Methods\ud The representative sample included 109,104 Brazilian students in the final year of elementary school from 2,842 schools. The weekly frequency and duration of physical activity were assessed. A variety of socio-demographic and behavioral factors were studied. A multiple Poisson regression analysis was used to test for associations between physical activity and the socio-demographic and behavioral variables.\ud \ud \ud Results\ud Most of the students (97.0%) engaged in physical activity in at least one of the domains studied, especially physical education at school (81.7%) and leisure time physical activity (67.5%). However, only 29% of the adolescents reached the recommended level of physical activity. Among the adolescents who reached the minimum recommended time for physical activity, the various domains contributed the following proportions to total physical activity: leisure time physical activity (PR 12.5; 95% CI 11.17-13.97), active commuting (PR 1.63; 95% CI 1.59-1.67), and physical education at school (PR 1.36; 95% CI 1.29-1.44). The weekly frequency of all activities was greater among boys than among girls. Moreover, nearly two-thirds (61.8%) of students spent more than two hours per day engaging in sedentary behaviors; the prevalence of sedentary behaviors was similar between boys and girls (59.0 and 64.5%, respectively).\ud Total level of physical activity, leisure time physical activity, and active commuting were associated with higher nutritional scores.\ud \ud \ud Conclusions\ud Physical activity is important in any health promotion program. Therefore, it is necessary to invest in policies and interagency initiatives that promote all domains and to ensure that the general population helps determine the scope and design of such policies.USP/FM/PROAP CAPES/PROAP - 055/2013 Medicina Preventiva/\ud CGC.63.025.530/0018-5

Cross-sectional analysis of students and school workers reveals a high number of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections during school reopening in Brazilian cities

Brazil experienced one of the most prolonged periods of school closures, and reopening could have exposed students to high rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the infection status of students and school workers at the time of the reopening of schools located in Brazilian cities is unknown. Here we evaluated viral carriage by RT-PCR and seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (IgM and IgG) by immunochromatography in 2259 individuals (1139 students and 1120 school workers) from 28 schools in 28 Brazilian cities. We collected the samples within 30 days after public schools reopened and before the start of vaccination campaigns. Most students (n = 421) and school workers (n = 446) had active (qRT-PCR + IgM− IgG− or qRT-PCR + IgM + IgG−/+) SARS-CoV-2 infection. Regression analysis indicated a strong association between the infection status of students and school workers. Furthermore, while 45% (n = 515) of the students and 37% (n = 415) of the school workers were neither antigen nor antibody positive in laboratory tests, 16% of the participants (169 students and 193 school workers) were oligosymptomatic, including those reinfected. These individuals presented mild symptoms such as headache, sore throat, and cough. Notably, most of the individuals were asymptomatic (83.9%). These results indicate that many SARS-CoV-2 infections in Brazilian cities during school reopening were asymptomatic. Thus, our study highlights the need to promote a coordinated public health effort to guarantee a safe educational environment while avoiding exacerbating pre-existent social inequalities in Brazil, reducing social, mental, and economic losses for students, school workers, and their families

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Teoria democrática e instituições políticas: análise da representação de mulheres na Assembléia Legislativa de Minas Gerais(1999-2006).

Exportado OPUSMade available in DSpace on 2019-08-13T02:34:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 elementos_pr__textuais_rezende_daniela.pdf: 79221 bytes, checksum: 8dc8d97cdccafa3242967ef3c8b80a6b (MD5) disserta__o_rezende_daniela.pdf: 971933 bytes, checksum: 507cad3503229964a5b33793cc8f1872 (MD5) Previous issue date: 29O objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar o impacto da eleição de mulheres para a Assembléia Legislativa de Minas Gerais. Em outras palavras, pretende-se verificar o impacto da presença de mulheres nesse espaço de poder e de tomada de decisões, considerando-se,portanto, que a dimensão de gênero é relevante teórica e politicamente . Para tanto, realizou-se um recorte que considera a 14ª e a 15ª legislaturas, compreendidas entre os anos de 1999 e 2002 e 2003 a 2006, respectivamente. É preciso ressaltar que à análise desenvolvida subjaz um esforço de realizar a mediação entre os debates presentes na teoria democrática contemporânea, esboçados no segundo e terceiro capítulos, e as análises empíricas sobre o poder Legislativo, mais especificamente sobre comportamento e processo legislativo.The present work sought to examine the impact of the election of women in Assembléia Legislativa de Minas Gerais. In other words, it seeks to investigate the impact of the presence of women in this institution, where the decision-making process takes place. Thus, itconsidered the 14ª and 15ª legislatures, between 1999 and 2002 and between 2003 and 2006, respectively. Underlying to this analysis, there is an effort to mediate the debates in contemporary democratic theory, sketched in the second and third chapters, and the empirical researches about Legislative power, specifically the ones that focus legislative behavior and process

Patriarcado e formação do Brasil: uma leitura feminista de Oliveira Vianna e Sérgio Buarque de Holanda

A Digital Object Identifier (DOI) não foi disponibilizada pela revista.O objetivo do artigo é discutir a relação entre patriarcado e formação da nação brasileira a partir da perspectiva feminista. Tendo como referência as obras “Populações Meridionais do Brasil”, de Oliveira Vianna e “Raízes do Brasil”, de Sérgio Buarque de Holanda, problematizo a referência ao conceito de patriarcado, trazendo ao debate sobre a formação do Brasil o caráter assimétrico das relações entre homens e mulheres subjacentes a tal conceito. Essa abordagem permite o aprofundamento da discussão sobre a relação entre as esferas pública e privada e a formação da nação, indo além da crítica à sobreposição entre público e privado, característica das análises do pensamento social brasileiro sobre a dominação patriarcal.The paper discusses the relationship between patriarchy and formation of the Brazilian nation from a feminist perspective. From the works “Populações Meridionais do Brasil”, by Oliveira Vianna e “Raízes do Brasil”, by Sérgio Buarque de Holanda, I question the reference to the concept of patriarchy, bringing to the debate on the formation of Brazil the underlying asymmetric relations between men and women brought by such a concept. This approach allows for further discussion on the relationship between public and private spheres and the nation's formation, going beyond the criticism of the overlapping of public and private realms, present on Brazilian social thought patriarchal domination analysis

Patriarchy and Brazilian social thought: a feminist reading of Oliveira Vianna and Sérgio Buarque de Holanda

The paper discusses the relationship between patriarchy and formation of the Brazilian nation from a feminist perspective. From the works “Populações Meridionais do Brasil”, by Oliveira Vianna e “Raízes do Brasil”, by Sérgio Buarque de Holanda, I question the reference to the concept of patriarchy, bringing to the debate on the formation of Brazil the underlying asymmetric relations between men and women brought by such a concept. This approach allows for further discussion on the relationship between public and private spheres and the nation's formation, going beyond the criticism of the overlapping of public and private realms, present on Brazilian social thought patriarchal domination analysis