602 research outputs found
Examining the Effects of Mindfulness Training on Executive Functioning in Older Adults
Research in cognitive aging provides extensive evidence of age-related cognitive decline.
To better understand the extent of cognitive plasticity in the adult years, researchers have
developed interventions designed to improve and maintain cognitive functioning. Research in
mindfulness training as a cognitive intervention has demonstrated improvements in attention and
working memory performance in young adults, but it remains to be determined whether these
effects are observed in older adult populations. In this study, we conducted a randomized control
trial to investigate whether mindfulness training improves executive functioning and working
memory in community-dwelling older adults. Twenty-seven older adults (ages 60-75)
participated in either a low-dose version of the Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction course or a
lifestyle education course. Performance between groups was compared on several standardized
neuropsychological tasks of visuospatial attention, set-shifting, and working memory.
Mindfulness training resulted in a marginally significant improvement in attentional orienting,
but no significant improvements in working memory or set-shifting abilities relative to the active
control group. Results suggest that mindfulness training may enhance attentional functioning, but
further research is needed to determine the cognitive effects of mindfulness training for older
adults.Center for Clinical & Translational Science, The Ohio State UniversityNo embarg
Optimizing Data Collection in Deep Reinforcement Learning
Reinforcement learning (RL) workloads take a notoriously long time to train
due to the large number of samples collected at run-time from simulators.
Unfortunately, cluster scale-up approaches remain expensive, and commonly used
CPU implementations of simulators induce high overhead when switching back and
forth between GPU computations. We explore two optimizations that increase RL
data collection efficiency by increasing GPU utilization: (1) GPU
vectorization: parallelizing simulation on the GPU for increased hardware
parallelism, and (2) simulator kernel fusion: fusing multiple simulation steps
to run in a single GPU kernel launch to reduce global memory bandwidth
requirements. We find that GPU vectorization can achieve up to
speedup over commonly used CPU simulators. We profile the performance of
different implementations and show that for a simple simulator, ML compiler
implementations (XLA) of GPU vectorization outperform a DNN framework (PyTorch)
by by reducing CPU overhead from repeated Python to DL backend API
calls. We show that simulator kernel fusion speedups with a simple simulator
are and increase by up to as simulator complexity
increases in terms of memory bandwidth requirements. We show that the speedups
from simulator kernel fusion are orthogonal and combinable with GPU
vectorization, leading to a multiplicative speedup.Comment: MLBench 2022 ( https://memani1.github.io/mlbench22/ ) camera ready
submissio
An organic nanoparticle transistor behaving as a biological synapse
Molecule-based devices are envisioned to complement silicon devices by
providing new functions or already existing functions at a simpler process
level and at a lower cost by virtue of their self-organization capabilities.
Moreover, they are not bound to von Neuman architecture and this feature may
open the way to other architectural paradigms. Neuromorphic electronics is one
of them. Here we demonstrate a device made of molecules and nanoparticles, a
nanoparticle organic memory filed-effect transistor (NOMFET), which exhibits
the main behavior of a biological spiking synapse. Facilitating and depressing
synaptic behaviors can be reproduced by the NOMFET and can be programmed. The
synaptic plasticity for real time computing is evidenced and described by a
simple model. These results open the way to rate coding utilization of the
NOMFET in dynamical neuromorphic computing circuits.Comment: To be publsihed in Adv. Func. Mater. Revised version. One pdf file
including main paper and supplementary informatio
Ethanol and Acetaminophen Synergistically Induce Hepatic Aggregation and TCH346-Insensitive Nuclear Translocation of GAPDH
The glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) signals during cellular stress via several post-translational modifications that change its folding properties, protein-protein interactions and sub-cellular localization. We examined GAPDH properties in acute mouse liver injury due to ethanol and/or acetaminophen (APAP) treatment. Synergistic robust and time-dependent nuclear accumulation and aggregation of GAPDH were observed only in combined, but not individual, ethanol/APAP treatments. The small molecule GAPDH-targeting compound TCH346 partially attenuated liver damage possibly via mitochondrial mechanisms, and independent of nuclear accumulation and aggregation of GAPDH. These findings provide a novel potential mechanism for hepatotoxicity caused by combined alcohol and acetaminophen exposure
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Rapid gastrointestinal loss of Clostridial Clusters IV and XIVa in the ICU associates with an expansion of gut pathogens
Commensal gastrointestinal bacteria resist the expansion of pathogens and are lost during critical illness, facilitating pathogen colonization and infection. We performed a prospective, ICU-based study to determine risk factors for loss of gut colonization resistance during the initial period of critical illness. Rectal swabs were taken from adult ICU patients within 4 hours of admission and 72 hours later, and analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and selective culture for vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE). Microbiome data was visualized using principal coordinate analyses (PCoA) and assessed using a linear discriminant analysis algorithm and logistic regression modeling. 93 ICU patients were analyzed. At 72 hours following ICU admission, there was a significant decrease in the proportion of Clostridial Clusters IV/XIVa, taxa that produce short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). At the same time, there was a significant expansion in Enterococcus. Decreases in Cluster IV/XIVa Clostridia were associated with loss of gut microbiome colonization resistance (reduced diversity and community stability over time). In multivariable analysis, both decreased Cluster IV/XIVa Clostridia and increased Enterococcus after 72 hours were associated with receipt of antibiotics. Cluster IV/XIVa Clostridia, although a small fraction of the overall gastrointestinal microbiome, drove distinct clustering on PCoA. During initial treatment for critical illness, there was a loss of Cluster IV/XIVa Clostridia within the distal gut microbiome which associated with an expansion of VRE and with a loss of gut microbiome colonization resistance. Receipt of broad-spectrum antibiotics was associated with these changes
Echocardiographic diagnosis of right aortic arch with a retroesophageal segment and left descending aorta
Two-dimensional echocardiography has been used extensively to assess aortic arch anatomy in infants and children. Echocardiographic techniques for examination of left and right aortic arch, coarctation and interruption of the aorta, aortic aneurysm and double aortic arch have been well described.1,2 Right aortic arch with retroesophageal segment and left descending aorta, an unusual form of vascular ring, has been described using angiography, barium swallow and computed axial tomography.3-5 In this report, we describe 2-dimensional (2-D) echocardiographic findings in an infant with this unusual form of vascular ring.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/26188/1/0000267.pd
Systematically Variable Planktonic Carbon Metabolism Along a Land-To-Lake Gradient in a Great Lakes Coastal Zone
During the summers of 2002–2013, we measured rates of carbon metabolism in surface waters of six sites across a land-to-lake gradient from the upstream end of drowned river-mouth Muskegon Lake (ML) (freshwater estuary) to 19 km offshore in Lake Michigan (LM) (a Great Lake). Despite considerable inter-year variability, the average rates of gross production (GP), respiration (R) and net production (NP) across ML (604 ± 58, 222 ± 22 and 381 ± 52 µg C L−1 day−1, respectively) decreased steeply in the furthest offshore LM site (22 ± 3, 55 ± 17 and −33 ± 15 µg C L−1day−1, respectively). Along this land-to-lake gradient, GP decreased by 96 ± 1%, whereas R only decreased by 75 ± 9%, variably influencing the carbon balance along this coastal zone. All ML sites were consistently net autotrophic (mean GP:R = 2.7), while the furthest offshore LM site was net heterotrophic (mean GP:R = 0.4). Our study suggests that pelagic waters of this Great Lakes coastal estuary are net carbon sinks that transition into net carbon sources offshore. Reactive and dynamic estuarine coastal zones everywhere may contribute similarly to regional and global carbon cycles
Kapsula
Selections from the 2015 Conference of the Contemporary Art, Design and New Media Art Histories Masters Progra
Kapsula
Selections from the 2015 Conference of the Contemporary Art, Design and New Media Art Histories Masters Progra
Hemodynamic determinants of exercise-induced ST-Segment depression in children with valvar aortic stenosis
To evaluate the hemodynamic factors associated with treadmill-induced ST-segment depression in children with valvar aortic stenosis, 12 patients (mean age 13 years) with ST-segment depression during treadmill exercise and 5 patients (mean age 13 years) without ST-segment depression during treadmill exercise underwent exercise testing during cardiac catheterization. The left ventricular (LV) systolic pressure and LV outflow tract gradient at rest (177 +/- 25 vs 138 +/- 8 mm Hg and 59 +/- 18 vs 23 +/- 7 mm Hg, respectively) and corresponding pressures during maximal supine exercise (248 +/-37 vs 189 +/- 17 mm Hg and 112 +/- 34 vs 52 +/- 14 mm Hg) were significantly greater (p 2 supply-demand ratio during maximal supine exercise was significantly less (6.4 +/- 2.7 vs 11.8 +/- 0.7; p 2 supply-demand ratio less than 11.0 was 100% sensitive and specific in predicting treadmill-induced ST-segment depression. These results suggest that although the development of ST-segment depression during treadmill exercise is related to LV systolic pressure and LV outflow gradient, its major hemodynamic determinant is the LV-02 supply-demand ratio.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/25706/1/0000260.pd
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