Application of the Machine-Readable Travel Documents in aviation security

Zračni promet predstavlja ključnu komponentu suvremene globalne mobilnosti i gospodarstva, ali istovremeno i jedan od najizazovnijih sektora kada je riječ o sigurnosti i zaštiti. S obzirom na sve veću povezanost svijeta, povećanje broja putnika i kompleksnost međunarodnih putovanja, raste i potreba za učinkovitim mehanizmima identifikacije i kontrole putnika. Upravo u tom kontekstu razvijeni su strojno-čitljivi putni dokumenti, koji danas čine neizostavan alat u osiguravanju zaštite zračnog prometa. Uvođenjem strojno-čitljivih putnih dokumenata, uključujući strojno-čitljive putovnice, vize i osobne iskaznice, moguća je brža, preciznija i sigurnija obrada identifikacijskih podataka na graničnim prijelazima i unutar zračnih luka. Cilj ovog završnog rada je istražiti ulogu i značaj strojno-čitljivih putnih dokumenata u kontekstu zaštite zračnog prometa. Kroz pregled međunarodnih i nacionalnih regulativa, standarda i smjernica, analizirano je kako primjena strojno-čitljivih putnih dokumenata doprinosi učinkovitijem i sigurnijem sustavu nadzora i identifikacije putnika te se ističu prednosti u odnosu na tradicionalne metode identifikacije, s krajnjim ciljem jačanja zaštite civilnog zrakoplovstva i olakšavanja međunarodnog putovanja.Aviation is a key component of modern global mobility and economy, but at the same time one of the most challenging transport sectors when it comes to security and safety. Given the increasingly interconnected world, the increasing number of passengers and the complexity of international travel, the need for effective passenger identification and control mechanisms is also growing. It is in this context that machine-readable travel documents were developed, which today constitute an indispensable tool in ensuring aviation security. The introduction of machine-readable travel documents, including machine-readable passports, visas and identity cards, allows for faster, more precise and more secure processing of identification data at border crossings and within airports. The aim of this thesis is to present the role and significance of machine-readable travel documents in the context of aviation security. Through a review of international and national regulations, standards and guidelines, it is analysed how the usage of machine-readable travel documents contributes to a more efficient and secure system of passenger surveillance and identification, and the advantages compared to traditional identification methods are highlighted, with the ultimate goal of strengthening civil aviation security and facilitating international travel

Calculation of elements for aircraft maneuvers in inertia estimation during formation flight

Ovim radom nastoje se definirati i dizajnirati novi manevri za procjenu inercije, koji bi mogli imati značajnu primjenu u letačkoj obuci letača u Hrvatskom Ratnom Zrakoplovstvu (HRZ), gdje bi se u dosadašnji koncept obuke grupnog letenja ubacio kratki uvodni dio namjenskog dijela obuke pomoću tih manevara. Kroz rad su opisani i definirani opći pojmovi koji se koriste u grupnom letenju, vrste postroja koji se koriste i načini manevriranja u grupi. Prikazani su i detaljno opisani svi standardni manevri za procjenu inercije koji se koriste za potrebe letačke obuke letača unutar HRZ-a. Opisan je proces dizajniranja novih manevara za procjenu inercije, zahtjevi koji moraju biti ispunjeni, standardni uvjeti i vrsta proračuna različitih parametara i elemenata leta za izradu geometrije manevara. Dizajnirani su, definirani, detaljno opisani i grafički prikazani novi manevri za procjenu inercije, njihova geometrija i značajnost manevra. Grafički su prikazani i opisani osnovni borbeni manevri koji se koriste općenito u vojnoj letačkoj obuci i zračnoj borbi.This work seeks to define and design new inertia estimation maneuvers, which could have significant application in the flight training of pilots in the Croatian Air Force (CAF), where these maneuvers would be inserted into the current concept of formation flight training, as a brief introductory part into the advanced part of the training. The work describes and defines general terms used in formation flight, the types of formations used, as well as ways of maneuvering in a group. All standard inertia estimation maneuvers used for the purpose of formation flight training of pilots within the CAF are shown and described in detail. The process of designing new inertia estimation maneuvers, the requirements to be met, the standard conditions and calculations of different parameters and flight elements for the geometry design of the maneuvers are described. New maneuvers for the estimation of inertia, their geometry and the significance of the maneuvers have been designed, defined, described in detail and graphically illustrated. Basic combat maneuvers commonly used in military flight training and air combat are graphically depicted and described

Study of the Bus Line 215 Kvaternikov trg - Trnava in the City of Zagreb

Život u velikim gradovima bez javnog gradskog prijevoza bio bi nemoguć, stoga javni gradski prijevoz igra veliku ulogu u normalnom odvijanju prometa u gradovima. Javni gradski promet trebao bi biti siguran, brz i točan. Najveći problemi prometa u gradovima su zagušljivost, pokretljivost i vanjski utjecaji. Rad je analiza autobusne linije 215 Kvaternikov trg – Trnava te njezinih statičkih i dinamičkih elemenata. Cilj rada je utvrditi iskorištenost kapaciteta linije pomoću prikupljenih podataka o vremenima i izmjeni putnika na liniji, podataka o brzinama i vremenima u prijevoznom procesu, te predložiti rješenja za poboljšanja učinkovitosti linije.Life in large cities without public transport would not be possible, therefore public transport plays a big role in normal functioning of city traffic. Public transport should be safe, quick, and punctual. The biggest issues with public transport are congestion, mobility, and external factors. This undergraduate thesis is the analysis of the bus line 215 Kvaternikov trg – Trnava and its static and dynamic elements. The goal of the paper is to determine utilization of line capacity using collected data about travel time, passenger exchange and data about speeds in transportation process and, based on that data, to suggest improvements in line efficiency

Analysis of the Traffic Signalization in the City of Hvar with Suggestions for Improvement

U okviru analize prometne signalizacije na području grada Hvara, provest će se pregled prometnih znakova, horizontalne signalizacije i prometne opreme s ciljem utvrđivanja nepravilnosti i nedostataka u postojećem stanju. Ciljevi istraživanja obuhvaćaju analizu trenutačnog stanja prometnih znakova, signalizacije i opreme, s naglaskom na oštećene, zastarjele ili neadekvatno postavljene prometne znakove, kao i one koji nisu u skladu s Pravilnikom o prometnim znakovima, signalizaciji i opremi na cesti. Posebna pažnja posvetit će se znakovima postavljenima na nepreglednim lokacijama te problematičnim dijelovima horizontalne signalizacije. Prijedlozi novih mjera za postavljanje, obnavljanje, zamjenu ili uklanjanje prometne signalizacije na području grada Hvara usmjereni su na povećanje sigurnosti sudionika u prometu i poboljšanje protočnosti prometa.As part of the analysis of traffic signals in the area of the city of Hvar, an inspection of traffic signs, horizontal signaling and traffic equipment will be carried out with the aim of determining irregularities and deficiencies in the current state. The objectives of the research include the analysis of the current state of traffic signs, signaling and equipment, with an emphasis on damaged, outdated or inadequately placed traffic signs, as well as those that do not comply with the Ordinance on traffic signs, signaling and road equipment. Attention will be paid to signs placed in unobservable locations and problematic parts of horizontal signage. Proposals for new measures for the installation, renewal, replacement or removal of traffic signals in the area of the town of Hvar are aimed at increasing the safety of road users and improving the traffic flow

Analysis of the application of metal pallets in delivery on the effect of the distribution system

Ovaj diplomski rad istražuje korištenje metalnih paleta u sustavima dostave i ispituje njihov učinak na učinkovitost i održivost sustava distribucije. Metalne palete privukle su pozornost zbog svog potencijala da poboljšaju operacije opskrbnog lanca kroz trajnost, mogućnost recikliranja i isplativost. Ova studija koristi sveobuhvatnu analizu za procjenu primjene metalnih paleta u različitim distribucijskim sustavima, uzimajući u obzir čimbenike kao što su transportna logistika, skladišne operacije i utjecaj na okoliš. Ispitivanjem studija slučaja iz stvarnog svijeta i provođenjem simulacija, ovo istraživanje ima za cilj pružiti uvid u prednosti i izazove povezane s integracijom metalnih paleta u mreže isporuke. Nalazi ove studije doprinose dubljem razumijevanju uloge metalnih paleta u optimizaciji distribucijskih sustava i nude preporuke za daljnje korištenje.This thesis investigates the use of metal pallets in delivery systems and examines their effect on distribution efficiency and sustainability. Metal pallets have attracted attention for their potential to improve supply chain operations through durability, recyclability and cost effectiveness. This study uses a comprehensive analysis to evaluate the application of metal pallets in different distribution systems, taking into account factors such as transport logistics, warehouse operations and environmental impact. By examining real-world case studies and conducting simulations, this research aims to provide insight into the benefits and challenges associated with integrating metal pallets into delivery networks. The findings of this study contribute to a deeper understanding of the role of metal pallets in the optimization of distribution systems and offer recommendations for further use

Use of Turboprop Engine Powered Airplane in the Initial Military Flight Training Programme

Razvoj letačkih sposobnosti kadeta trebao bi biti u skladu s potrebama i očekivanjima modernog bojišta. S obzirom na to da je Hrvatska ušla u eru borbenih zrakoplova 4.5 generacije, razvija se i potreba za ozbiljnijom temeljnom letačkom vojnom obukom i to koristeći turboppelerski zrakoplov Pilatus PC-9M. Uvođenjem turbopropelerskog sustava u ovu fazu letačke obuke, omogućuje se dinamičko okruženje i atmosfera koji su jedan od bitnijih faktora za razvoj osnovnih letačkih vještina. Zahvaljujući prednostima ovog sustava kao što su brzina i akrobatske sposobnosti, PC-9M kadetima skraćuje vrijeme prilagodbe u kasnijim fazama obuke, ali isto tako povećava i učinkovitost temeljne obuke. Jednako tako važni parametri su i percepcije samih kadeta i nastavnika letenja iz perspektive mentalnog opterećenja, stresa, brzine usvajanja i osjećaja spremnosti. Ovaj rad nastoji istražiti navedene segmente kroz analizu iskustava i stavova sudionika temeljne obuke.The development of cadets' flight skills should align with the demands and expectations of the modern battlefield. As Croatia enters the era of 4.5-generation fighter aircraft, the need arises for a more advanced and rigorous basic military flight training program, utilizing the turboprop aircraft Pilatus PC-9M. By introducing the turboprop system at this stage of pilot training, a dynamic environment is created—one of the key factors in developing fundamental flying skills. Thanks to the advantages of this platform, such as speed and aerobatic capability, the PC-9M shortens cadets’ adaptation time in later phases of training while also increasing the overall effectiveness of the basic training program. Equally important, however, are the perceptions of both cadets and instructors in terms of mental workload, stress, learning pace, and the sense of operational readiness. This thesis aims to explore these elements through an analysis of the experiences and opinions of those participating in the basic training program

Analysis with a Proposal to Improve the Statistical Recording of Road Accidents in the Function of Safety

Cestovni promet kao dio gospodarske djelatnosti tercijarnog sektora pomoću kojeg se obavlja prijevoz materijainih dobara i osoba, ima veliki značaj u ostvarenju svih oblika društvenog razvoja čovjeka i društNiene zajednice. Zbog sve većeg broja prometnih nesreća i njihovih posljedica, danas se u svijetu poduzimaju mjere i aktivnosti s ciljem povećanja sigurnosti svih sudionika u cestovnorn prometu. U završnom radu analizirani su čimbenici i elementi koji utječu na sigurnost prometa, uključ..cujući prometnu tehniku, statističko evidentiranje nesreća, kao i ulogu tehnologije u smanjenju rizika od nesreća. Iako su u posljednjim godinama, prema podacima za 2021.. 2022. i 2023. godinu, zabilježena poboljšanja u smanjenju broja poginulih, broj nesreća, ozhjedenih osoba i kaznenih djela u prometu i dalje je visok, što zahtijeva daljnje mjere i poboljšanja. Navedene preporuke uključuju unapredenje sustava prikupljanja podataka o nesrećama, uvodenje naprednih analitičkih alata, edukaciju vozača i implementaciju novih sigu•nosnih tehnologija u vozilima. Takoder, potrebna su ulaganja u modernizaciju prometne inf•astrukture, strožu provedbu zakona i veću transparentnost u javnoj dostupnosti podataka. Za postizanje stvarnog smanjenja broja nesreća nužno je usmjeriti napore prema integriranim, svim segmentima društva obuhvaćenim intervencijama.Road transport, as part of the economic activity of the tertiary sector, which transports material goods and people, is of great importance in achieving all forms of social development of man and society. Due to the increasing number of road accidents and their consequences, measures and activities are being undertaken in the world today with the aim of increasing the safety of all road traffic participants. In the final paper, factors and elements affecting traffic safety are analyzed, including traffic technology, statistical recording of accidents, as well as the role of technology in reducing the risk of accidents. Although improvements have been recorded in recent years, according to data for 2021, 2022, and 2023, the number of accidents, injuries, and traffic crimes remains high, requiring further measures and improvements. Key recommendations include improving the accident data collection system, introducing advanced analytical tools, driver education, and implementing new safety technologies in vehicles. Investments are also needed in the modernization of transport infrastructure, stricter law enforcement, and greater transparency in the public availability of data. In order to achieve a real reduction in the number of accidents, it is necessary to focus efforts on integrated interventions that cover all segments of society

Analysis of accidents and incidents related to the transport of dangerous goods by air

Ovaj završni rad istražuje prihvat, prijevoz i otpremu opasnih tvari u zračnom prometu, s posebnim naglaskom na sigurnosne aspekte, zakonsku regulativu i potrebnu dokumentaciju. Prijevoz opasnih tvari zrakom predstavlja veliki izazov zbog potencijalnog rizika od nezgoda i nesreća koje mogu ugroziti ljudske živote, okoliš i imovinu. Poseban dio rada posvećen je analizi stvarnih nezgoda i nesreća povezanih s prijevozom opasnih tvari zrakom, uključujući uzroke i posljedice. Rad također detaljno razmatra mjere prevencije incidenata povezanih s opasnom robom, uključujući deklaracije, kontrolne liste, te postupke obilježavanje, pakiranja i osiguranja opasne robe.This thesis analyses the transport and handling of dangerous goods by air, with a special emphasis on safety aspects, regulations, and required documentation. The transport of dangerous goods by air presents a significant challenge due to the potential risk of accidents and incidents that can endanger human lives, the environment, and the property. A specific part of the thesis is dedicated to the analysis of actual accidents and incidents related to the transport of dangerous goods by air, including their causes and consequences. The thesis also thoroughly examines the preventive measures involving dangerous goods, including dangerous goods declarations, control lists, and procedures of labelling, packaging and securing dangerous goods

Safety Management System on the example of the Dubrovnik Airport

Sustav upravljanja sigurnošću definira sigurnosnu politiku organizacije te time način upravljanja sigurnošću. Primjena ovog sustava omogućava sustavan pristup procesu upravljanja sigurnošću. Sustav upravljanja sigurnošću se sastoji od aktivnosti identifikacije opasnosti, analize prikupljenih podataka i kontinuirane procjene rizika. Svrha ovog sustava je omogućiti operatorima sustavni pristup procesu upravljanja sigurnošću putnika, zrakoplova, osoblja te materijalnih dobara. Primjenom sustava upravljanja sigurnošću omogućuje se siguran rad zračnih luka. Ovaj sustav je implementiran i na Zračnoj luci Dubrovnik. U ovom radu su opisani elementi sustava upravljanja sigurnošću, način implementacije i funkcioniranja sustava upravljanja sigurnošću te primjeri implementacije na Zračnoj luci Dubrovnik.The Safety Management System defines the safety policy of the organization and thus the methods of safety management. The application of this system enables a systematic approach to the safety management process. The Safety Management System consists of hazard identification activities, analysis of collected data and continuous risk assessment. The purpose of this system is to enable operators to have a systematic approach to the process of managing the safety of passengers, aircraft, personnel and material assets. The application of the Safety Management System enables the safe operation of airports. This system has also been implemented at Dubrovnik Airport. This thesis describes the elements of the Safety Management System, the method of implementation and functioning of the Safety Management System and examples of implementation at Dubrovnik Airport

Analysis of the National Recovery and Resilience Plan 2021-2026 From the Aspect of Traffic Infrastructure

Nacionalni plan oporavka i otpornosti (NPOO) predstavlja sveobuhvatan dokument koji definira ključne reforme i investicije potrebne za oporavak hrvatskog gospodarstva nakon pandemije COVID-19. Unutar ovog plana posebna pažnja posvećena je unapređenju prometne infrastrukture, s ciljem povećanja povezanosti, smanjenja emisija i jačanja konkurentnosti hrvatskog gospodarstva. Bavi se i područjem naplate cestarina u Republici Hrvatskoj. Eliminacijom fizičkih naplatnih kućica i uvođenjem automatske naplate očekuje se značajno smanjenje vremena provedenog u kolonama. Automatizacija procesa naplate smanjit će rizik od ljudske pogreške i potencijalnih nesreća. Novi sustav će se moći povezati s različitim modelima naplate. Također, bit će znatno ekološki prihvatljiviji u odnosu na postojeći sustav.The National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP) is a comprehensive document that defines the key reforms and investments needed for the recovery of the Croatian economy after the COVID-19 pandemic. Within this plan, special attention is devoted to the improvement of transport infrastructure, with the aim of increasing connectivity, reducing emissions and strengthening the competitiveness of the Croatian economy. He also deals with the area of toll collection in the Republic of Croatia. The elimination of physical toll booths and the introduction of automatic tolling is expected to significantly reduce the time spent in queues. Automating the billing process will reduce the risk of human error and potential accidents. The new system will be able to connect to different billing models. Also, it will be significantly more environmentally friendly compared to the existing system