Lexicalization and Grammar Development

In this paper we present a fully lexicalized grammar formalism as a particularly attractive framework for the specification of natural language grammars. We discuss in detail Feature-based, Lexicalized Tree Adjoining Grammars (FB-LTAGs), a representative of the class of lexicalized grammars. We illustrate the advantages of lexicalized grammars in various contexts of natural language processing, ranging from wide-coverage grammar development to parsing and machine translation. We also present a method for compact and efficient representation of lexicalized trees.Comment: ps file. English w/ German abstract. 10 page

Rancang Bangun Alat Penerjemah American Sign Language (ASL) dengan Sensor Flex dan MPU- 6050 Berbasis Mikrokontroler ATmega2560

Deaf or hard-of-hearing people have been using The American Sign Language (ASL) to communicate with others. Unfortunately, most of the people having normal hearing do not learn such a sign language; therefore, they do not understand persons with such disability. However, the rapid development of science and technology can facilitate people to translate body or part of the body formation more easily. This research is preceded with literature study surveying the need of sensors embedded in a glove. This research employs five flex sensors as well as accelerator and gyroscope to recognize ASL language having similar fingers formation. An Arduino Mega 2560 board as the central controller is employed to read the flex sensors' output and process the information. With 1Sheeld module, the output of the interpreter is presented on a smartphone both in text and voice. The result of this research is a flex glove system capable of translating the ASL from the hand formation that can be seen and be heard. Limitations were found when translating sign for letter N and M as the accuracy reached only 60%; therefore, the total performance of this system to recognize letter A to Z is 96.9%

Factorial cumulants reveal interactions in counting statistics

Full counting statistics concerns the stochastic transport of electrons in mesoscopic structures. Recently it has been shown that the charge transport statistics for non-interacting electrons in a two-terminal system is always generalized binomial: it can be decomposed into independent single-particle events and the zeros of the generating function are real and negative. Here we investigate how the zeros of the generating function move into the complex plane due to interactions and demonstrate that the positions of the zeros can be detected using high-order factorial cumulants. As an illustrative example we consider electron transport through a Coulomb blockade quantum dot for which we show that the interactions on the quantum dot are clearly visible in the high-order factorial cumulants. Our findings are important for understanding the influence of interactions on counting statistics and the characterization in terms of zeros of the generating function provides us with a simple interpretation of recent experiments, where high-order statistics have been measured.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures, Editors' Suggestion in Phys. Rev.

Does the Formulation of Oral Solid Dosage Forms Affect Acceptance and Adherence in Older Patients?:A Mixed Methods Systematic Review

OBJECTIVES: Age-related changes mean that the older population can encounter barriers toward taking medication orally. Further work is needed to identify the characteristics of oral solid dosage forms that will improve patient acceptance and adherence. The aim of this systematic review was to identify if and how formulation aspects of oral solid dosage forms affect acceptance and adherence in older people. DESIGN: Mixed methods systematic review using a data-based convergent synthesis design. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Articles were selected if they included participants aged 60 years and older, or included health care professionals, social care professionals, and informal carers of patients aged 60 years and older. METHODS: A systematic search of the following databases was undertaken: Web of Science, MEDLINE, Scopus, and The Cochrane Databases. The search of databases was supplemented by a search of gray literature, and reference lists of included papers were manually searched. RESULTS: A total of 16 studies were included in the final synthesis. Three themes were generated from the thematic analysis: (1) dimensions, (2) palatability, and (3) appearance. The dimensions and palatability are often modified to improve swallowability by breaking tablets in half or taste masking with food. Polypharmacy can lead to patients using the appearance to identify tablets; however, this can lead to confusion when products appear similar. No study was identified that explored formulation characteristics across all 3 categories directly in the older population. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Manufacturers should take into account practical problems older people may encounter when considering the dimensions, palatability, and appearance of the final drug product. These characteristics should be optimized to aid visual identification and swallowability. Medical providers and pharmacists have an important role in ensuring that these patient-centric drug products are prescribed and dispensed appropriately so that patients receive the most suitable formulation

Hoax Detection System on Indonesian News Sites Based on Text Classification using SVM and SGD

A deliberate falsehood intentionally fabricated to appear as the truth, or often called as hoax (hocus to trick) has been increasing at an alarming rate. This situation may cause restlessness/anxiety and panic in society. Even though hoaxes have no effect on threats, however, new perceptions can be spread that they can affect both the social and political conditions. Imagery blown from hoaxes can bring negative effects and intervene state policies that may decrease the economy. An early detection on hoaxes helps the Government to reduce and even eliminate the spread. There are some system that filter hoaxes based on title and also from voting processes from searching processes in a search engine. This research develops Indonesian hoax filter based on text vector representation based on Term Frequency and Document Frequency as well as classification techniques. There are several classification techniques and for this research, Support Vector Machine and Stochastic Gradient Descent are chosen. Support Vector Machine divides a word vector using linear function and Stochastic Gradient Descent divides a word vector using nonlinear function. SVM and SGD are chosen because the characteristic of text classification includes multidimensional matrixes. Each word in news articles can be modeled as feature and with Linear SVC and SGD, the feature of word vector can be reduced into two dimensions and can be separated using linear and non-linear lines. The highest accuracy obtained from SGD classifier using modified-huber is 86% over 100 hoax and 100 nonhoax websites which are randomly chosen outside dataset which are used in the training process

An outflow in the Seyfert ESO 362-G18 revealed by Gemini-GMOS/IFU Observations

We present two-dimensional stellar and gaseous kinematics of the inner 0.7 $\times$ 1.2 kpc$^{2}$ of the Seyfert galaxy ESO 362-G18, derived from optical spectra obtained with the GMOS/IFU on the Gemini South telescope at a spatial resolution of $\approx$170 pc and spectral resolution of 36 km s$^{-1}$. ESO 362-G18 is a strongly perturbed galaxy of morphological type Sa or S0/a, with a minor merger approaching along the NE direction. Previous studies have shown that the [OIII] emission shows a fan-shaped extension of $\approx$ 10\arcsec\ to the SE. We detect the [OIII] doublet, [NII] and H${\alpha}$ emission lines throughout our field of view. The stellar kinematics is dominated by circular motions in the galaxy plane, with a kinematic position angle of $\approx$137$^{\circ}$. The gas kinematics is also dominated by rotation, with kinematic position angles ranging from 122$^{\circ}$ to 139$^{\circ}$. A double-Gaussian fit to the [OIII]$\lambda$5007 and H${\alpha}$ lines, which have the highest signal to noise ratios of the emission lines, reveal two kinematic components: (1) a component at lower radial velocities which we interpret as gas rotating in the galactic disk; and (2) a component with line of sight velocities 100-250 km s$^{-1}$ higher than the systemic velocity, interpreted as originating in the outflowing gas within the AGN ionization cone. We estimate a mass outflow rate of 7.4 $\times$ 10$^{-2}$ M$_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$ in the SE ionization cone (this rate doubles if we assume a biconical configuration), and a mass accretion rate on the supermassive black hole (SMBH) of 2.2 $\times$ 10$^{-2}$ M$_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$. The total ionized gas mass within $\sim$84 pc of the nucleus is 3.3 $\times$ 10$^{5}$ M$_{\odot}$; infall velocities of $\sim$34 km s$^{-1}$ in this gas would be required to feed both the outflow and SMBH accretion.Comment: 18 pages, 14 figure

Literature review of medication administration problems in paediatrics by parent/caregiver and the role of health literacy

Objective: To identify studies that highlighted medication administration problems experienced by parents and children, which also looked at health literacy aspect using a validated tool to assess for literacy. Study design: Ten electronic databases were systematically searched and supplemented by hand searching through reference lists using the following search terms: (1) paediatric, (2) medication error including dosing error, medication administration error, medication safety and medication optimisation and (3) health literacy. Results: Of the (1230) records screened, 14 studies were eligible for inclusion. Three analytical themes emerged from the synthesis. The review highlighted that frequencies and magnitudes of dosing errors vary by the measurement tools used, the dose prescribed and by the administration instruction provided. Parent's sociodemographic, such as health literacy and language, is a key factor to be considered when designing an intervention aimed at averting medication administration errors at home. The review summarised some potential strategies that could help in reducing medication administration errors among children at home. Among these recommendations is to show the prescribed dose to the parents or young people along with the verbal instructions, as well as to match the prescribed dose with the measuring tool dispensed, to provide an explicit dose intervals and pictographic dosing instructions. Conclusion: The findings suggest that in order to optimise medication use by parents, further work is needed to address the nature of these issues at home. Counselling, medication administration instructions and measurement tools are some of the areas in addition to the sociodemographic characteristics of parents and young people that need to be considered when designing any future potential intervention aimed at reducing medication errors among children and young people at home

Lactancia Materna. Comportamiento según algunos factores de interés epidemiológico en menores de un año de Yara Norte. 2013-2014

Introduction: breastfeeding is a physiological and instinctive act; an adaptive biological heritage of mammals and specifically of every species. Objective: to evaluate the behavior of breastfeeding according to some variables of epidemiological interest in children less than one year of the Popular Council in the North of Yara. Polyclinic "Luis E. de la Paz" Yara, in the period of 2013-2014. Method: an epidemiological, descriptive and retrospective investigation was performed. It was applied an educational program supported by the implementation of an information literacy program. The variables were: information analysis, information literacy. Results: within the most important results it can be said that mothers of 25- 29 years old, university and pre- school level,  contributed with a greatest amount of children with exclusive breastfeeding during the first 6 months; there was a prevalence of mothers who did not have enough milk and it was the most frequent cause of the interrupted breastfeeding and it was evidenced that a good family functioning favors the duration of breastfeeding, because functional and moderately functional families obtained more than 70% of cases with longer duration.Conclusions: it was evidenced the development of analytical studies to delve into the factors that influence in the duration of the exclusive breastfeeding, from the variables evaluated in this study and it was achieved an educational strategy for all pregnant women, taking as a starting point the results of this research.Introducción: la lactancia materna es un acto fisiológico, instintivo, herencia biológica adaptativa de los mamíferos y específica de cada especie.Objetivo: evaluar el comportamiento de la lactancia materna según algunas variables de interés epidemiológico en menores de un año del Consejo Popular Yara Norte. Policlínico “Luis E. de la Paz” de Yara, en el período comprendido entre los años 2013-2014.Método: se realizó una investigación epdemiológica, de tipo descriptiva y retrospectiva. Se aplicó un programa educativo sustentado en la aplicación de un programa de Alfabetización Informacional. Las variables fueron: análisis de la información, alfabetización informacional.Resultados: entre los resultados más relevantes se destacan, que las madres de 25- 29 años, trabajadoras y con nivel escolar pre- universitario, fueron las que aportaron mayor número de casos de niños, con lactancia materna exclusiva hasta los 6 meses, predominaron  las madres que no tenían  leche suficiente como causa más frecuente de abandono precoz de la lactancia materna y se evidenció que el  buen funcionamiento familiar favorece la duración de la lactancia materna, pues las familias clasificadas como funcionales y moderadamente funcionales, lograron más del 70% de los casos con mayor duración de la misma.Conclusiones: se demostró la realización de estudios analíticos para profundizar en los factores que influyen en la duración de la lactancia materna, a partir de las variables evaluadas en el presente estudio y lograr una estrategia educativa dirigida a todas las embarazadas, teniendo como punto de partida, los resultados de esta investigación

Borrelia valaisiana resist complement-mediated killing independently of the recruitment of immune regulators and inactivation of complement components

Spirochetes belonging to the Borrelia (B.) burgdorferi sensu lato complex differ in their resistance to complement-mediated killing, particularly in regard to human serum. In the present study, we elucidate the serum and complement susceptibility of B. valaisiana, a genospecies with the potential to cause Lyme disease in Europe as well as in Asia. Among the investigated isolates, growth of ZWU3 Ny3 was not affected while growth of VS116 and Bv9 was strongly inhibited in the presence of 50% human serum. Analyzing complement activation, complement components C3, C4 and C6 were deposited on the surface of isolates VS116 and Bv9, and similarly the membrane attack complex was formed on their surface. In contrast, no surface-deposited components and no aberrations in cell morphology were detected for serum-resistant ZWU3 Ny3. While further investigating the protective role of bound complement regulators in mediating complement resistance, we discovered that none of the B. valaisiana isolates analyzed bound complement regulators Factor H, Factor H-like protein 1, C4b binding protein or C1 esterase inhibitor. In addition, B. valaisiana also lacked intrinsic proteolytic activity to degrade complement components C3, C3b, C4, C4b, and C5. Taken together, these findings suggest that certain B. valaisiana isolates differ in their capability to resist complement-mediating killing by human serum. The molecular mechanism utilized by B. valaisiana to inhibit bacteriolysis appears not to involve binding of the key host complement regulators of the alternative, classical, and lectin pathways as already known for serum-resistant Lyme disease or relapsing fever borreliae