Comparing government regulated and unregulated inland water fisheries of Plateau State, Nigeria: an economic productivity analysis

The objectives of the research was to compares the economics of regulated and unregulated fisheries through the estimates of technical, allocative and economic efficiency of micro entrepreneur or artisanal fishers in  the central Nigerian state of Plateau, with a view to examine the economic benefits and sustainability on inland water fisheries as renewable resource in developing economics. Stochastic frontier production and cost functions using the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) technique was used to analysed data collected from, daily fishing observations made for 4 weeks, and through questionnaire from 20 micro entrepreneurs from unregulated lakes of Polmakat, Shimankar, Deben, Janta and 30 micro entrepreneurs from the only regulated Pandam Lake to give a sample size of 110 respondents selected in a multi-stage sampling technique. The mean technical, allocative and economic efficiency of unregulated fishers were 0.83, 0.56 and 0.68 respectively, while, the mean technical, allocative and economic efficiencies of the regulated fishers were 0.91, 0.68 and 0.72 respectively. This study shows higher potential for increase in fishing output at unregulated fisheries through better use of available resources, given the current state of technology. The MLE result suggested that extension contact, age and educational status were major determinants of efficiency in unregulated fishing, meaning that the transformation for effective and sustainable fisheries exploitation requires the involvement of educated fishers, extension education, and redefinition of property rights of unregulated fishery and constraining of inputs at regulated fishery.   Keywords: micro entrepreneurs, economic, efficiency, comparative, stochastic, renewable resourc

Analisis Kemampugalian dan Kemampugaruan Material Pit B Tambang Emas Kabupaten Aceh Tengah

Pemberaian massa batuan untuk keperluan penambangan dapat dilakukan dengan metode penggalian mekanis maupun peledakan. Untuk menentukan metode yang paling sesuai, analisis kemampugalian dan kemampugaruan dapat dilakukan terhadap material yang akan diberaikan tersebut. Studi ini menggunakan kriteria Franklin (1971) dan kriteria Pettifer dan Fookes (1994) untuk menentukan metode pemberaian massa batuan pit B pada sebuah tambang emas yang berada di Kabupaten Aceh Tengah. Kedua kriteria ini membutuhkan nilai Point Load Index (PLI) dan fracture spacing dari massa batuan yang dianalisis. Berdasarkan hasil analisis kemampugalian dan kemampugaruan dengan menggunakan kedua kriteria tersebut, pemberaian massa batuan pada Pit B masuk pada kriteria easy digging, hard digging, hard ripping dan blast to losen

Extraction of the frequency moments of spectral densities from imaginary-time correlation function data

We introduce an exact framework to compute the positive frequency moments $M^{(\alpha)}(\mathbf{q})=\braket{\omega^\alpha}$ of different dynamic properties from imaginary-time quantum Monte Carlo data. As a practical example, we obtain the first five moments of the dynamic structure factor $S(\mathbf{q},\omega)$ of the uniform electron gas at the electronic Fermi temperature based on \emph{ab initio} path integral Monte Carlo simulations. We find excellent agreement with known sum rules for $\alpha=1,3$, and, to our knowledge, present the first results for $\alpha=2,4,5$. Our idea can be straightforwardly generalized to other dynamic properties such as the single-particle spectral function $A(\mathbf{q},\omega)$, and will be useful for a number of applications, including the study of ultracold atoms, exotic warm dense matter, and condensed matter systems

Multidimensional signals and analytic flexibility: Estimating degrees of freedom in human speech analyses

Recent empirical studies have highlighted the large degree of analytic flexibility in data analysis which can lead to substantially different conclusions based on the same data set. Thus, researchers have expressed their concerns that these researcher degrees of freedom might facilitate bias and can lead to claims that do not stand the test of time. Even greater flexibility is to be expected in fields in which the primary data lend themselves to a variety of possible operationalizations. The multidimensional, temporally extended nature of speech constitutes an ideal testing ground for assessing the variability in analytic approaches, which derives not only from aspects of statistical modeling, but also from decisions regarding the quantification of the measured behavior. In the present study, we gave the same speech production data set to 46 teams of researchers and asked them to answer the same research question, resulting insubstantial variability in reported effect sizes and their interpretation. Using Bayesian meta-analytic tools, we further find little to no evidence that the observed variability can be explained by analysts’ prior beliefs, expertise or the perceived quality of their analyses. In light of this idiosyncratic variability, we recommend that researchers more transparently share details of their analysis, strengthen the link between theoretical construct and quantitative system and calibrate their (un)certainty in their conclusions

2. KANDUNGAN FLAVONOID DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN TOTAL EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KAYU KAPUR (Melanolepsis multiglandulosa Reinch f)

Kandungan Flavonoid dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Total Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kayu Kapur (Melanolepsis multiglandulosa Reinch f) Alpha Cristyananda Damar1), Max Revolta John Runtuwene2), dan Defny Silvia Wewengkang2) 1)Program Studi Farmasi FMIPA UNSRAT Manado, 95115 2)Program Studi Farmasi FMIPA UNSRAT Manado, 95115 ABSTRACT   This study aims to determine the flavonoid content and total antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract leavesKayu Kapur (Melanolepsis multiglandulosa Reinch f).Research done by differentiating treatment lime leaves into the sample fresh and dried samples were extracted in two different ways, namely maceration and soxhletasi were then tested total flavonoids and antioxidants.Calculation of total flavonoids were calculated using Chang, (2002) and for total antioxidant testing using Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP).Results showed total flavonoids in fresh and dried samples Extraction maceration was 11.97 mg / kg and 7.85 mg / kg and then to sample fresh and dry extraction soxhletasi is 9.71 mg / kg and 5.99 mg / kg.The antioxidant activity of fresh and dried samples was 9.39 mg / L gallic acid and 7.46 mg / L gallic acid, and then to sample fresh and dry extraction soxhletasi is 8.78 mg / L gallic acid, and 5.99 mg / L gallic acid.The highest content of flavonoids found in fresh samples with a total maceration extraction of 11.97 mg / kg and the highest antioxidant activity found in fresh samples with a total maceration extraction 9.39mg / L gallic acid.   Keywords: Kayu Kapur (Melanolepsis multiglandulosa Reinch f), Antioxidant, total flavonoids, Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP)     ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kandungan flavonoid dan aktivitas antioksidan total ekstrak etanol daun kayu kapur (Melanolepsis multiglandulosa Reinch f). Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara membedakan perlakuan daun kayu kapur menjadi sampel segar dan sampel  kering diekstraksi dengan dua cara yang berbeda yaitu maserasi dan sokletasi yang kemudian diuji total flavonoid dan antioksidannya. Perhitungan total flavonoid dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Chang, (2002) dan untuk pengujian total antioksidan menggunakan metode Ferric Reducing Antioxidan Power (FRAP). Hasil menunjukan total flavonoid pada sampel segar dan kering eksraksi maserasi adalah 11,97 mg/kg dan 7,85 mg/kg kemudian untuk sampel segar dan kering ekstraksi sokletasi adalah 9,71 mg/kg dan 5,99 mg/kg. Aktivitas antioksidan sampel segar dan kering adalah 9,39 mg/L asam galat dan 7,46 mg/L asam galat, kemudian untuk sampel segar dan kering ekstraksi sokletasi adalah 8,78 mg/L asam galat, dan 5,99 mg/L asam galat. Kandungan flavonoid tertinggi terdapat pada sampel segar ekstraksi maserasi dengan total 11,97 mg/kg dan untuk aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi terdapat pada sampel segar ekstraksi maserasi dengan total 9,39 mg/L asam galat. Kata kunci : Kayu Kapur (Melanolepsis multiglandulosa Reinch f), Antioksidan, Total flavonoid, Ferric Reducing Antioxidan Power (FRAP)