A time and frequency domain analysis of the effect of vibrating fuel assemblies on the neutron noise

[EN] The mechanical vibrations of fuel assemblies have been shown to give rise to high levels of neutron noise, triggering in some circumstances the necessity to operate nuclear reactors at a reduced power level. This work analyses the effect in the neutron field of the oscillation of one single fuel assembly. Results show two different effects in the neutron field caused by the fuel assembly vibration. First, a global slow variation of the total reactor power due to a change in the criticality of the system. Second, an oscillation in the neutron flux in-phase with the assembly vibration. This second effect has a strong spatial dependence that can be used to localize the oscillating assembly. This paper shows a comparison between a time-domain and a frequency-domain analysis of the phenomena to calculate the spatial response of the neutron noise. Numerical results show a really close agreement between these two approaches.This project has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014-2018 under grant agreement No 754316. Also, this work has been partially supported by Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad under project BES-2015-072901 and financed with the help of a Primeros Proyectos de Investigation (PAID-06-18), Vicerrectorado de Investigacitin, Innovation y Transferencia of the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia (UPV).Vidal-Ferràndiz, A.; Carreño, A.; Ginestar Peiro, D.; Demazière, C.; Verdú Martín, GJ. (2020). A time and frequency domain analysis of the effect of vibrating fuel assemblies on the neutron noise. Annals of Nuclear Energy. 137:1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anucene.2019.107076S112137Akcasu, Z. (1958). General Solution of the Reactor Kinetic Equations without Feedback. Nuclear Science and Engineering, 3(4), 456-467. doi:10.13182/nse58-a25482Antonopoulos-Domis, M. (1976). Reactivity and neutron density noise excited by random rod vibration. Annals of Nuclear Energy, 3(9-10), 451-459. doi:10.1016/0306-4549(76)90030-xDemaziere, C. (2006). Analysis methods for the determination of possible unseated fuel assemblies in BWRs. International Journal of Nuclear Energy Science and Technology, 2(3), 167. doi:10.1504/ijnest.2006.010713Demazière, C. (2011). CORE SIM: A multi-purpose neutronic tool for research and education. Annals of Nuclear Energy, 38(12), 2698-2718. doi:10.1016/j.anucene.2011.06.010Demazière, C., & Andhill, G. (2005). Identification and localization of absorbers of variable strength in nuclear reactors. Annals of Nuclear Energy, 32(8), 812-842. doi:10.1016/j.anucene.2004.12.011Demazière, C., Dykin, V., & Jareteg, K. (2017). Development of a point-kinetic verification scheme for nuclear reactor applications. Journal of Computational Physics, 339, 396-411. doi:10.1016/j.jcp.2017.03.020Demazière, C., & Pázsit, I. (2009). Numerical tools applied to power reactor noise analysis. Progress in Nuclear Energy, 51(1), 67-81. doi:10.1016/j.pnucene.2008.01.010Ginestar, D., Verdú, G., Vidal, V., Bru, R., Marín, J., & Muñoz-Cobo, J. L. (1998). High order backward discretization of the neutron diffusion equation. Annals of Nuclear Energy, 25(1-3), 47-64. doi:10.1016/s0306-4549(97)00046-7Hébert, A. (1985). Application of the Hermite Method for Finite Element Reactor Calculations. Nuclear Science and Engineering, 91(1), 34-58. doi:10.13182/nse85-a17127Jonsson, A., Tran, H. N., Dykin, V., & Pázsit, I. (2012). Analytical investigation of the properties of the neutron noise induced by vibrating absorber and fuel rods. Kerntechnik, 77(5), 371-380. doi:10.3139/124.110258Kronbichler, M., & Kormann, K. (2012). A generic interface for parallel cell-based finite element operator application. Computers & Fluids, 63, 135-147. doi:10.1016/j.compfluid.2012.04.012Larsson, V., & Demazière, C. (2009). Comparative study of 2-group and diffusion theories for the calculation of the neutron noise in 1D 2-region systems. Annals of Nuclear Energy, 36(10), 1574-1587. doi:10.1016/j.anucene.2009.07.009Olmo-Juan, N., Demazière, C., Barrachina, T., Miró, R., & Verdú, G. (2019). PARCS vs CORE SIM neutron noise simulations. Progress in Nuclear Energy, 115, 169-180. doi:10.1016/j.pnucene.2019.03.041Park, J., Lee, J. H., Kim, T.-R., Park, J.-B., Lee, S. K., & Koo, I.-S. (2003). Identification of reactor internals’ vibration modes of a Korean standard PWR using structural modeling and neutron noise analysis. Progress in Nuclear Energy, 43(1-4), 177-186. doi:10.1016/s0149-1970(03)00021-0Pázsit, I. (1988). Control-rod models and vibration induced noise. Annals of Nuclear Energy, 15(7), 333-346. doi:10.1016/0306-4549(88)90081-3Pázsit, I., & Th.Analytis, G. (1980). Theoretical investigation of the neutron noise diagnostics of two-dimensional control rod vibrations in a PWR. Annals of Nuclear Energy, 7(3), 171-183. doi:10.1016/0306-4549(80)90082-1Pázsit, I., & Glöckler, O. (1983). On the Neutron Noise Diagnostics of Pressurized Water Reactor Control Rod Vibrations. I. Periodic Vibrations. Nuclear Science and Engineering, 85(2), 167-177. doi:10.13182/nse83-a27424Ravetto, P. (1997). Reactivity oscillations in a point reactor. Annals of Nuclear Energy, 24(4), 303-314. doi:10.1016/s0306-4549(96)00066-7Sunde, C., Demazière, C., & Pázsit, I. (2006). Calculation of the Neutron Noise Induced by Shell-Mode Core-Barrel Vibrations in a 1-D, Two-Group, Two-Region Slab Reactor Model. Nuclear Technology, 154(2), 129-141. doi:10.13182/nt06-1Tran, H.-N., Pázsit, I., & Nylén, H. (2015). Investigation of the ex-core noise induced by fuel assembly vibrations in the Ringhals-3 PWR. Annals of Nuclear Energy, 80, 434-446. doi:10.1016/j.anucene.2015.01.045Vidal-Ferràndiz, A., Carreño, A., Ginestar, D., & Verdú, G. (2019). A Block Arnoldi Method for the SPN Equations. International Journal of Computer Mathematics, 1-22. doi:10.1080/00207160.2019.1602768Vidal-Ferrandiz, A., Fayez, R., Ginestar, D., & Verdú, G. (2014). Solution of the Lambda modes problem of a nuclear power reactor using an h–p finite element method. Annals of Nuclear Energy, 72, 338-349. doi:10.1016/j.anucene.2014.05.026Vidal-Ferràndiz, A., Fayez, R., Ginestar, D., & Verdú, G. (2016). Moving meshes to solve the time-dependent neutron diffusion equation in hexagonal geometry. Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, 291, 197-208. doi:10.1016/j.cam.2015.03.040Viebach, M., Bernt, N., Lange, C., Hennig, D., & Hurtado, A. (2018). On the influence of dynamical fuel assembly deflections on the neutron noise level. Progress in Nuclear Energy, 104, 32-46. doi:10.1016/j.pnucene.2017.08.010Weinberg, A. M., & Schweinler, H. C. (1948). Theory of Oscillating Absorber in a Chain Reactor. Physical Review, 74(8), 851-863. doi:10.1103/physrev.74.85

METRO - The role and future perspectives of Cohesion Policy in the planning of Metropolitan Areas and Cities. Annex II: The role of Metropolitan areas within the EU cohesion policy

This Annex to the final Report presents and discusses in a comparative manner the evidence collected in the nine case studies that have been explored in the framework of the ESPON Targeted Analysis METRO – The role and future perspectives of cohesion policy in the planning of Metropolitan Areas and Cities (Annexes III to XI). More in detail, the document synthesizes and compares the information collected by the various research teams through the application of the project’s analytical protocol and as a consequence of their continuous interaction with the respective stakeholders. The report is organised following the three main policy questions that have been driving the analysis: PQ1 | What role do metropolitan areas and cities play in the development, management and implementation of the European Union (EU) cohesion policy? PQ2 | What is the added value of the EU cohesion policy in the planning and implementation of metropolitan policies? PQ3 | What role does the EU cohesion policy play in consolidating metropolitan governance and cooperation? These questions are answered through the comparative analysis and assessment of the territorial and institutional contexts in which the nine stakeholders involved in the projects are active: Metropolitan City of Turin (CMTo), Barcelona Metropolitan Area (AMB), Lisbon Metropolitan Area (LMA), Brno Metropolitan Area (BMA), Metropolitan Area of Gdańsk-Gdynia-Sopot (MAG), Metropolitan City of Florence (CMFi), Métropole de Lyon (MdL), Brussels-Capital Region (BCR), Riga Metropolitan Area (RMA)

Schwarz type preconditioners for the neutron diffusion equation

[EN] Domain decomposition is a mature methodology that has been used to accelerate the convergence of partial differential equations. Even if it was devised as a solver by itself, it is usually employed together with Krylov iterative methods improving its rate of convergence, and providing scalability with respect to the size of the problem. In this work, a high order finite element discretization of the neutron diffusion equation is considered. In this problem the preconditioning of large and sparse linear systems arising from a source driven formulation becomes necessary due to the complexity of the problem. On the other hand, preconditioners based on an incomplete factorization are very expensive from the point of view of memory requirements. The acceleration of the neutron diffusion equation is thus studied here by using alternative preconditioners based on domain decomposition techniques inside Schur complement methodology. The study considers substructuring preconditioners, which do not involve overlapping, and additive Schwarz preconditioners, where some overlapping between the subdomains is taken into account. The performance of the different approaches is studied numerically using two-dimensional and three-dimensional problems. It is shown that some of the proposed methodologies outperform incomplete LU factorization for preconditioning as long as the linear system to be solved is large enough, as it occurs for three-dimensional problems. They also outperform classical diagonal Jacobi preconditioners, as long as the number of systems to be solved is large enough in such a way that the overhead of building the pre-conditioner is less than the improvement in the convergence rate. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.The work has been partially supported by the spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad under projects ENE 2014-59442-P and MTM2014-58159-P, the Generalitat Valenciana under the project PROMETEO II/2014/008 and the Universitat Politècnica de València under the project FPI-2013. The work has also been supported partially by the Swedish Research Council (VR-Vetenskapsrådet) within a framework grant called DREAM4SAFER, research contract C0467701.Vidal-Ferràndiz, A.; González Pintor, S.; Ginestar Peiro, D.; Verdú Martín, GJ.; Demazière, C. (2017). Schwarz type preconditioners for the neutron diffusion equation. Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics. 309:563-574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cam.2016.02.056S56357430

‘Trust me I am a Football Agent’. The discursive practices of the players’ agents in (un)professional football

While the public and media attention is largely focused on the corruption scandals of high-ranking officials in international football, FIFA’s decision in April 2015 to deregulate football agents raises further concerns about its ability for self-regulation and governance. FIFA’s introduction (2006) and subsequent updating (2008, 2015) of its regulations and legal frameworks governing the activity of agents in professional football has important implications on the inner workings of international football. In this regard, FIFA’s decision to deregulate the industry is perhaps a reflection of the neoliberal influences surrounding the organisation to let the agents govern themselves and deal with the wrongdoings of the alleged bribery, exploitation and trafficking of young players. However, the deregulation of agents by FIFA can also be seen as the organisation’s inefficiency to maintain the primacy of self-regulation and self-governance in serious matters of the industry, such as agents’ global leadership and regulation of practices. This paper, using qualitative data collected from players, agents and managers from professional football leagues in the UK and Ireland, aims to uncover the unethical, extremely complex and deceptive sides of the agents’ industry. By doing so, it aims to emphasise the need for gold standards of practice and leadership in the regulation of international football, which desperately needs to restore its integrity. Two key issues are unpacked: (i) the alleged (un)ethical behaviour of football agents that provokes so much hostility in the football world; (ii) the power shift(s) from clubs and managers to agents and players and the implications these may have on the ethics of the business practices in football

'Spiritual life' as the heart of the professionalization process of spriritual and community animators in Quebec, Canada

The ‘spiritual care and guidance and community involvement service’ in Quebec has existed since 2001. It replaced pastoral animation in schools and is intended to promote the spiritual development and community involvement of all students, whether or not they are affiliated with a religion. This article presents the historical background that led to the development of this service; as well as the professional concerns of its stakeholders. The concerns raised are based on awareness of great diversity among those who provide this service, both in their training and in their understanding of the meanings of the terms that define their work. Presently working toward the professionalization that they deem essential to their very survival, they are using professional strategies that do not reflect their reality and abilities. This article seeks to demonstrate the relevance of changing perspectives so that this profession is not limited only to community involvement, but instead adopts an interactionist point of view, focused on the spiritual aspect of the role

Percepções de homens com transtornos mentais sobre risco e autocuidado face às infecções sexualmente transmissíveis

Estudos recentes mostraram altas taxas de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (IST) entre pessoas com transtornos mentais no Brasil. Visando contribuir para avanços nas ações de prevenção junto a essa população, neste trabalho são analisadas as percepções de homens com transtornos mentais sobre risco e autocuidado face às IST. Entrevistas abertas e em profundidade com questões sobre autocuidado em saúde sexual foram realizadas com 22 homens com transtornos mentais. Os dados das entrevistas foram analisados com base na análise estrutural de narração. Os resultados mostraram que os entrevistados pouco conhecem sobre as IST. Apesar de reconhecerem a existência de risco nas relações sexuais, o uso de preservativo é raro. O principal aspecto dificultador do uso decorreu da representação de que pessoas aparentemente sadias não representam riscos. Entre os que fizeram uso do preservativo, essa conduta esteve motivada pela proximidade de experiências de uma IST contraída. Entretanto, o uso foi prejudicado por acharem que o preservativo compromete o prazer e também pelo uso de álcool e drogas. Alguns não encontram sentido em se autocuidar, o que se mostrou atrelado ao contexto de exclusão social. Houve ainda situações em que se preferiu correr o risco de se infectar. Faz-se urgente promover saúde sexual para essa população, considerando os aspectos psicossociais envolvidos no autocuidado

Trajectories of Solidarities in France Across Fields of Vulnerability

This chapter approaches the study of solidarity in France by comparing three important vulnerable groups, namely, the disabled, the unemployed, and refugees. The way we approach solidarity hinges on an important distinction between two different meanings of solidarity: solidarity understood as an input and solidarity understood as an output. In particular, we distinguish between two main \u201ctrajectories of solidarity\u201d, which helps us to understand the way certain individual variables (such as self-identification and proximity) combine with political variables (like voting, an interest in politics, or the reading of newspapers) in very different ways. Our main finding is the political trajectory of solidarity can have a remarkable potential even when it comes to helping vulnerable people outside the national boundaries of the political community in France

Riscos para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis na ótica de participantes do Vigitel

O objetivo do presente estudo foi interpretar reflexões de grupos da população, por faixa etária, sobre risco de adoecer pelas doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT), como parte do eixo qualitativo do projeto Vigitel que monitora a prevalência de fatores de risco para DCNT no Brasil. Procedimentos metodológicos a coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de grupos focais da amostra de Belo Horizonte, MG, de 2008, considerando que não existe, em estudos desse tipo, a necessidade de validação por amostragem abrangente. O interesse é aprofundar determinado assunto que poderá ser comparado, posteriormente, a outros estudos. Resultados mostraram que jovens conhecem os riscos para DCNT, mas consideram que viver sem arriscar-se é impossível. Sujeitos de 31 a 50 anos estão informados e conscientizados, mas querem continuar vivendo sem preocupação com a saúde, negociando, consigo mesmos, medidas pessoais de risco. Pessoas acima de 51 anos consideram riscos para DCNT inerentes à condição humana, porém maiores, devido a uma vida “desregrada”, e têm medo, buscando se cuidar centrados na assistência médica. Conclusões as reflexões dos grupos apontam representações centradas na impossibilidade de se considerar a saúde em primeiro plano e constantemente, na vida cotidiana. Existe desejo de viver prazeres e satisfações, que, muitas vezes, não são coerentes com a determinação de ser saudável. Além disso, há a necessidade humana de transgressões para se sentir vivo e mais forte que a morte. Abordagens interdisciplinares que relativizem o peso dessas representações para a incorporação de modos de vida saudáveis, coletiva e autonomamente, são fundamentais