Amplificateurs laser à cristaux massifs pompés par diode (fibres cristallines Yb)

Un grand nombre d applications réclament des sources laser en régime impulsionnel toujours plus puissantes et énergétiques. Les progrès continus des technologies laser permettent non seulement d améliorer les performances de l outil laser mais aussi d ouvrir la voie à de nouvelles applications. Cependant, l'augmentation de la puissance des sources laser est aussi accompagnée par une complexification des systèmes. Cette thèse porte sur l étude d amplificateurs laser de puissances qui se distinguent par la simplicité de leurs architectures : avec un ou deux passages dans le milieu laser. Dans la première partie, nous étudions le potentiel de la fibre cristalline Yb: YAG pompée par diode en tant qu amplificateur. Les effets de confinement de l intensité de pompe au centre de la fibre cristalline par guidage sont étudies théoriquement et expérimentalement. Deux expériences démontrent ensuite l intérêt de la fibre cristalline Yb:YAG en tant qu amplificateur de puissance de sources laser à fibres, l une en régime femtoseconde et l autre avec un laser mono-fréquence. Par ailleurs, nous explorons le potentiel de notre concept en régime de forte puissance. Une puissance de 250 W en oscillateur et une extraction de 100 W en amplificateur ont été obtenues avec une diode de pompe de 600 W. La deuxième partie traite de l étude d amplificateurs à base de cristaux de Nd:YVO4. Le dimensionnement de notre système est réalisé en s appuyant sur une étude des propriétés du Nd:YVO4. L amplificateur ainsi obtenu affiche des performances inédites qui se caractérisent par un très fort gain optique (40-60 dB) couplé à une forte extraction de puissance moyenne (10 à 15 W).A wide range of scientific and industrial applications require pulsed laser sources delivering increasing amount of powers and pulse energies. Continuous progresses in the field of laser technology do not only bring significant process efficiency improvements but also allow developing new applications. However, the complexity of laser sources has significantly increased over the years together with their performance. In contrast, this work focuses on power amplifier architectures which are particularly simple (with one or two passes). In the first part, we study the potential of Yb:YAG single crystal fibers. Pump intensity confinement by the pump beam guiding is studied in details both theoretically and experimentally. Two experiments demonstrate the interest of Yb:YAG single crystal fibers as a power amplifier for fiber based laser sources, one in femtosecond regime and the other one with a single frequency laser. Furthermore, the potential of our architecture is also explored in high power regime. An output power of 250 W for the oscillator and 100 W power extraction with the amplifier were obtained with a 600 W pump diode. The second part describes the study of laser amplifiers using longitudinally pumped Nd:YVO4 bulk crystals. We study the effect of temperature increase in the laser crystal and evaluate the influence of the doping concentration and excited state population on the heat load. Guided by the conclusion of our study, we design a high gain amplifier characterized by very high optical gain (40-60 dB) coupled to a high average power extraction (10 to 15 W)PARIS11-Inst. Optique (914712302) / SudocSudocFranceF

Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of their cell of origin and change the functions and phenotypes of other cells. These features indicate strong biomarker and therapeutic potential and have generated broad interest, as evidenced by the steady year-on-year increase in the numbers of scientific publications about EVs. Important advances have been made in EV metrology and in understanding and applying EV biology. However, hurdles remain to realising the potential of EVs in domains ranging from basic biology to clinical applications due to challenges in EV nomenclature, separation from non-vesicular extracellular particles, characterisation and functional studies. To address the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) updates its 'Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles', which was first published in 2014 and then in 2018 as MISEV2014 and MISEV2018, respectively. The goal of the current document, MISEV2023, is to provide researchers with an updated snapshot of available approaches and their advantages and limitations for production, separation and characterisation of EVs from multiple sources, including cell culture, body fluids and solid tissues. In addition to presenting the latest state of the art in basic principles of EV research, this document also covers advanced techniques and approaches that are currently expanding the boundaries of the field. MISEV2023 also includes new sections on EV release and uptake and a brief discussion of in vivo approaches to study EVs. Compiling feedback from ISEV expert task forces and more than 1000 researchers, this document conveys the current state of EV research to facilitate robust scientific discoveries and move the field forward even more rapidly

Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches

© 2024 The Authors. Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, published by Wiley Periodicals, LLC on behalf of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY), https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of their cell of origin and change the functions and phenotypes of other cells. These features indicate strong biomarker and therapeutic potential and have generated broad interest, as evidenced by the steady year-on-year increase in the numbers of scientific publications about EVs. Important advances have been made in EV metrology and in understanding and applying EV biology. However, hurdles remain to realising the potential of EVs in domains ranging from basic biology to clinical applications due to challenges in EV nomenclature, separation from non-vesicular extracellular particles, characterisation and functional studies. To address the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) updates its 'Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles', which was first published in 2014 and then in 2018 as MISEV2014 and MISEV2018, respectively. The goal of the current document, MISEV2023, is to provide researchers with an updated snapshot of available approaches and their advantages and limitations for production, separation and characterisation of EVs from multiple sources, including cell culture, body fluids and solid tissues. In addition to presenting the latest state of the art in basic principles of EV research, this document also covers advanced techniques and approaches that are currently expanding the boundaries of the field. MISEV2023 also includes new sections on EV release and uptake and a brief discussion of in vivo approaches to study EVs. Compiling feedback from ISEV expert task forces and more than 1000 researchers, this document conveys the current state of EV research to facilitate robust scientific discoveries and move the field forward even more rapidly.Peer reviewe

Diode-pumped solid-state amplifiers : yb : YAG single crystal fibers and Nd : YVO4 crystals

Un grand nombre d’applications réclament des sources laser en régime impulsionnel toujours plus puissantes et énergétiques. Les progrès continus des technologies laser permettent non seulement d’améliorer les performances de l’outil laser mais aussi d’ouvrir la voie à de nouvelles applications. Cependant, l'augmentation de la puissance des sources laser est aussi accompagnée par une complexification des systèmes. Cette thèse porte sur l’étude d’amplificateurs laser de puissances qui se distinguent par la simplicité de leurs architectures : avec un ou deux passages dans le milieu laser. Dans la première partie, nous étudions le potentiel de la fibre cristalline Yb: YAG pompée par diode en tant qu’amplificateur. Les effets de confinement de l’intensité de pompe au centre de la fibre cristalline par guidage sont étudies théoriquement et expérimentalement. Deux expériences démontrent ensuite l’intérêt de la fibre cristalline Yb:YAG en tant qu’amplificateur de puissance de sources laser à fibres, l’une en régime femtoseconde et l’autre avec un laser mono-fréquence. Par ailleurs, nous explorons le potentiel de notre concept en régime de forte puissance. Une puissance de 250 W en oscillateur et une extraction de 100 W en amplificateur ont été obtenues avec une diode de pompe de 600 W. La deuxième partie traite de l’étude d’amplificateurs à base de cristaux de Nd:YVO4. Le dimensionnement de notre système est réalisé en s’appuyant sur une étude des propriétés du Nd:YVO4. L’amplificateur ainsi obtenu affiche des performances inédites qui se caractérisent par un très fort gain optique (40-60 dB) couplé à une forte extraction de puissance moyenne (10 à 15 W).A wide range of scientific and industrial applications require pulsed laser sources delivering increasing amount of powers and pulse energies. Continuous progresses in the field of laser technology do not only bring significant process efficiency improvements but also allow developing new applications. However, the complexity of laser sources has significantly increased over the years together with their performance. In contrast, this work focuses on power amplifier architectures which are particularly simple (with one or two passes). In the first part, we study the potential of Yb:YAG single crystal fibers. Pump intensity confinement by the pump beam guiding is studied in details both theoretically and experimentally. Two experiments demonstrate the interest of Yb:YAG single crystal fibers as a power amplifier for fiber based laser sources, one in femtosecond regime and the other one with a single frequency laser. Furthermore, the potential of our architecture is also explored in high power regime. An output power of 250 W for the oscillator and 100 W power extraction with the amplifier were obtained with a 600 W pump diode. The second part describes the study of laser amplifiers using longitudinally pumped Nd:YVO4 bulk crystals. We study the effect of temperature increase in the laser crystal and evaluate the influence of the doping concentration and excited state population on the heat load. Guided by the conclusion of our study, we design a high gain amplifier characterized by very high optical gain (40-60 dB) coupled to a high average power extraction (10 to 15 W

Amplificateurs laser à cristaux massifs pompés par diode : fibres cristallines Yb : YAG et cristaux Nd : YVO4

A wide range of scientific and industrial applications require pulsed laser sources delivering increasing amount of powers and pulse energies. Continuous progresses in the field of laser technology do not only bring significant process efficiency improvements but also allow developing new applications. However, the complexity of laser sources has significantly increased over the years together with their performance. In contrast, this work focuses on power amplifier architectures which are particularly simple (with one or two passes). In the first part, we study the potential of Yb:YAG single crystal fibers. Pump intensity confinement by the pump beam guiding is studied in details both theoretically and experimentally. Two experiments demonstrate the interest of Yb:YAG single crystal fibers as a power amplifier for fiber based laser sources, one in femtosecond regime and the other one with a single frequency laser. Furthermore, the potential of our architecture is also explored in high power regime. An output power of 250 W for the oscillator and 100 W power extraction with the amplifier were obtained with a 600 W pump diode. The second part describes the study of laser amplifiers using longitudinally pumped Nd:YVO4 bulk crystals. We study the effect of temperature increase in the laser crystal and evaluate the influence of the doping concentration and excited state population on the heat load. Guided by the conclusion of our study, we design a high gain amplifier characterized by very high optical gain (40-60 dB) coupled to a high average power extraction (10 to 15 W)Un grand nombre d’applications réclament des sources laser en régime impulsionnel toujours plus puissantes et énergétiques. Les progrès continus des technologies laser permettent non seulement d’améliorer les performances de l’outil laser mais aussi d’ouvrir la voie à de nouvelles applications. Cependant, l'augmentation de la puissance des sources laser est aussi accompagnée par une complexification des systèmes. Cette thèse porte sur l’étude d’amplificateurs laser de puissances qui se distinguent par la simplicité de leurs architectures : avec un ou deux passages dans le milieu laser. Dans la première partie, nous étudions le potentiel de la fibre cristalline Yb: YAG pompée par diode en tant qu’amplificateur. Les effets de confinement de l’intensité de pompe au centre de la fibre cristalline par guidage sont étudies théoriquement et expérimentalement. Deux expériences démontrent ensuite l’intérêt de la fibre cristalline Yb:YAG en tant qu’amplificateur de puissance de sources laser à fibres, l’une en régime femtoseconde et l’autre avec un laser mono-fréquence. Par ailleurs, nous explorons le potentiel de notre concept en régime de forte puissance. Une puissance de 250 W en oscillateur et une extraction de 100 W en amplificateur ont été obtenues avec une diode de pompe de 600 W. La deuxième partie traite de l’étude d’amplificateurs à base de cristaux de Nd:YVO4. Le dimensionnement de notre système est réalisé en s’appuyant sur une étude des propriétés du Nd:YVO4. L’amplificateur ainsi obtenu affiche des performances inédites qui se caractérisent par un très fort gain optique (40-60 dB) couplé à une forte extraction de puissance moyenne (10 à 15 W)

Contradiction within wave optics and its solution within a particle picture: comment

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Développement d'un oscillateur à 946 nm à base de fibre cristalline Nd:YAG pompée directement dans le niveau émetteur (poster)

International audienceNous présentons une architecture laser émettant à 946 nm basée sur la technologie des fibres cristallines en Nd:YAG. Le pompage du milieu à gain est ici réalisé directement dans son niveau émetteur à 885 nm afin de limiter les effets thermiques dans le laser. En régime continu, ce laser émet jusqu'à 28,4 W de puissance moyenne à 946 nm pour une pente d'efficacité de 30 % et un M² inférieur à 1,3

Second harmonic generation at 515 nm in RTP with temperature insensitive and non-critical phase-matching (poster)

International audienceWe demonstrate that around 1030 nm, RbTiOPO4 (RTP) realizes the second harmonic generation of Yb-doped lasers in non-critically phase-matched configuration at ambient temperature, with efficiencies comparable to LBO and wide thermal acceptance. Frequency doubled lasers are widely used in today's industry, from micromachining to solid-state pumping or spectrometry applications. While it is a nonlinear process fully mastered today, with conversion efficiencies routinely reaching more than 60%, it is still a technique sensitive to many outside parameters such as angular misalignments or temperature operation. In order to increase the robustness of a frequency conversion scheme, one needs to reduce the dephasing between the fundamental and the second harmonic caused by either an angle misalignment (angular sensitivity) or a temperature change (thermal sensitivity)

Ultrafast gating for the generation of optically synchronized OPCPA Pump pulses

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Simulation and experimental investigation of higher order beam distortions in end-pumped bulk laser amplifiers (poster)

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