Sequential decoupling of negative-energy states in Douglas-Kroll-Hess theory

Here, we review the historical development, current status, and prospects of Douglas--Kroll--Hess theory as a quantum chemical relativistic electrons-only theory.Comment: 15 page

Association between dietary patterns and socioeconomic factors and food environment in a city in the South of Brazil

Objetivou-se estudar a associação entre padrão alimentar, fatores demográficos, socioeconômicos e o ambiente alimentar em uma popula- ção de adultos e idosos de uma cidade do Sul do Brasil. Estudo transversal com pessoas de ambos os sexos e idade entre 20 e 70 anos. Os padrões alimentares foram identificados por meio da análise de componentes principais. A regressão de Poisson foi utilizada para estimar as razões de prevalência brutas e ajustadas e os intervalos de 95% de confiança (IC 95%). Quatro padrões alimentares foram identificados: saudável, tradicional, carboidratos e açúcares refinados e fast food. Encontraram-se associações positivas entre: sexo feminino e maior renda com o padrão alimentar saudável; cor da pele preta ou parda e domicílios com seis ou mais moradores com padrões alimentares tradicional e carboidratos e açúcares refinados; maior escolaridade com o padrão fast food. Realizar as principais refeições em casa associou-se ao padrão tradicional, e almoço ou jantar fora do domicílio com os padrões carboidratos e açúcares refinados e fast food. Posição socioeconômica mais baixa leva ao maior consumo do padrão alimentar tradicional e/ou rico em carboidratos e açúcares, e uma posição socioeconômica mais elevada parece permitir uma escolha entre padrão saudável ou fast food.The aim of this study was to investigate the association between dietary patterns and demographic and socioeconomic factors and the food environment among adults and older persons in a city in the south of Brazil. We conducted a cross-sectional study with people of both sexes aged between 20 and 70 years. Dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis. Poisson regression was used to estimate crude and adjusted prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Four dietary patterns were identified: Healthy; Traditional; Refined Carbs and Sugars; and Fast Food. Positive associations were found between being female and higher income and the Healthy dietary pattern; being black or brown and living in a household with at least six members and the Traditional and Refined Carbs and Sugars patterns; and higher education and the fast-food dietary pattern. Having main meals at home was associated with the Traditional pattern and having lunch or dinner away from home was the associated with Refined Carbs and Sugars and fast-food patterns. Lower socioeconomic status leads to higher consumption of the Traditional and/or Refined Carbs and Sugars dietary patterns, while higher socioeconomic status appears to enable individuals to choose between healthy or fast-food patterns

Teleconnections between boreal cooling and tropical glaciers in the Cordillera Blanca (Peru)

30 samples have been collected for the cosmogenic dating of expanding and shrinking glacial phases southwesternward of Nevado Hualcán (9º, 12'S; 77º, 31'W, 6122 m), in the Cordillera Blanca (Peru).The set includes 28 moraine boulder surface samples and 2 polished bedrock surface samples. The resistivity of 3 samples of moraine boulder surfaces, measured in the AMS facility ASTER, did not allow us to estimate the accumulation of 10Be. Therefore, it was not possible to estimate the exposure age of these samples. However, it was possible to obtain 27 10Be glacial ages: 25 boulder ages from 5 moraine sets (M5-M1) and 2 polished bedrock ages (between M2-M1). 5 boulder ages seem too high, probably because of cosmogenic inheritance. Nevertheless, despite the uncertainties, the remaining 22 ages seem consistent with their geomorphological context. Nowadays, the oldest moraines (M5) are higher than younger moraines, because they define a glacial paleo-valley cut by the current valley in which the other groups of moraines (M4-M1) are becoming younger and younger and in higher altitudes. M5 ages (~132-61 ka) suggest the existence of at least two glacial phases long before the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). The oldest phase could be traced back to the beginning of the Last Glacial Cycle (LGC). The M4-M1 moraines chronologies seem to correlate with paleolake transgressions in the Bolivian Altiplano. They can be interpreted as a reflection of wetter paleoclimatic phases than the current phase, and are linked to cooling periods in the Northern Hemisphere (Placzek et al., 2013). This link suggests the existence of a boreal/tropical teleconnection through a large shift towards the south of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (Kelly et al., 2012) and/or of the Bolivian High (Martin et al., 2018). The M4 moraines define the maximum glacier advance on the south-west area of Nevado Hualcán. Their ages (~32-24 ka) are consistent with the early LGM, shown by various proof around the world (Clark et al., 2009). The M3 and M2 moraines show smaller and thinner readvances than previous moraines. Their ages (~20-12 ka and ~13-11 ka) are contemporaneous to Tauca (~18-14 ka) and Coipasa transgressions (~13-11 ka; Blard et al., 2011). The deglaciation after M3 could be the results of a weakening of tropical circulation related to boreal heating Bølling-Allerød. In that period (ages ~3-1 ka), the glaciers retreated to above their current limit. The M1 moraines pinpoint the last glacier advances, whose exposure ages without cosmogenic inheritance (~1.0-0.3 ka) are consistent with lichenometry-based dating in nearby valleys (Jomelli et al., 2008) and the ITCZ southward shift during the Little Ice Age (Sachs et al., 2009)

Tétano canino - relato de caso

O tétano é uma doença cosmopolita, toxinfecciosa, não contagiosa que acomete diversas espécies. A intoxicação ocorre através do contato de esporos com soluções de descontinuidade da pele como feridas, onde encontram um ambiente propício caso o ferimento seja profundo ou possuir tecido necrótico. Após entrar em contato com o organismo, por necessitar de um ambiente propício, a doença pode se manifestar de forma aguda ou crônica, podendo permanecer latente de 24 horas até 60 dias. Os equinos e humanos são altamente susceptíveis a doença, sendo os cães e gatos mais resistentes. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho é relatar um caso de tétano em um animal da espécie canina. Uma cadela, fêmea de 10 anos de idade, atendida em clínica privada, apresentando espasticidade aguda de orelhas e musculatura facial, tremores, ataxia com histórico de passeios esporádicos em um terreno baldio. Em exame físico, constatou-se hipertonia de músculos faciais, redução da propriocepção, rigidez cervical, temperatura de 38,3ºC. Após dois dias, os tutores relataram aumento de tremores e espasticidade, dificuldade de apreensão da ração e andar rígido. Diante do exposto, apesar de incomum em cães, o tétano deve ser considerado em diagnósticos diferenciais para instituir uma terapêutica assertiva possibilitando melhor prognóstico nos pacientes

El registro cosmogénico glacial del cambio climático en los Andes peruanos: resultados del proyecto FONDECYT 144- 2015

Este trabajo presenta 71 edades de exposición a la radiación cósmica (berilio-10) de fases de avance y retroceso de glaciares andinos. Proporcionan cronologías glaciares para 3 áreas de estudió alineadas en un transecto norte-sur de la cordillera occidental de los Andes Centrales: al suroeste de los nevados Hualcán (Cordillera Blanca; 6122 m; 9ºS; región Ancash) y Pariacaca (5758 m; 12ºS; región Lima) y al sur del Cerro Ticllo Ticllo (5400 m; región Arequipa). Las cronologías fueron obtenidas por investigadores del proyecto FONDECYT 144-2015. En dichas áreas de estudio se recogieron muestras de 1-2 kg de roca, en superficies de bloques morrénicos (datan avances glaciares) y lechos rocosos con pulimento glaciar (datan fases de deglaciación)

Patent characteristics and patent ownership change in agricultural biotechnology

We examine the effect of various patent characteristics on changes in patent ownership that occurred due to mergers, acquisitions, and spin-offs in the agricultural biotechnology industry in the 1980s and 1990s. Our goal is to shed light on the role that certain patent qualities may play in the transfer of knowledge and technology that takes place through merger and acquisition activity. Specifically, we empirically measure the effect of patent value, scope/breadth, strength, and the nationality of the patent owner on the occurrence and frequency of patent ownership change in the agricultural biotechnology sector during the 1980s and 1990s. We find that the greater is the patent breadth and the less valuable and 'weaker' is the patent, the greater is the likelihood and the frequency of patent ownership change. Also, the nature of patent ownership affects patent ownership change, with patents owned by multiple owners of different nationalities most likely to change hands

Cronologías glaciales de los Andes Centrales occidentales de Perú estimadas por el Proyecto FONDECYT 144-2015

Este trabajo presenta edades de exposición a la radiación cósmica (berilio-10) de fases de avance y retroceso de glaciares en montañas de altitud decreciente, alineadas en un transecto norte-sur de la cordillera occidental de los Andes Centrales. Las muestras se recogieron en valles comprendidos por grandes morrenas de avances glaciares, al suroeste del Nevado Hualcán (región Ancash), al suroeste del Nevado Pariacaca (región Lima) y al sur del Nevado Chila (región Arequipa). Los resultados reflejan máximos avances glaciares (M5) hace 120-130 ka; 60-70 ka y 40-50 ka, anteriores al Last Glacial Maximum global (LGM; ~30-19 ka). También hay edades LGM (M4; 32-24 ka), 2 fases posteriores de reavances menores (M3-M2) y una última pulsación M1 de la Pequeña Edad del Hielo (PEH). Los avances glaciares parecen bastante bien correlacionados con transgresiones de los paleolagos en Bolivia y eventos fríos en el hemisferio norte. Ese hecho sugiere la existencia de una teleconexión enfriamiento boreal-humedad tropical a través de un desplazamiento hacia el Sur de la Zona de Convergencia Inter-Tropical (ZCIT)

Progress toward a first observation of parity violation in chiral molecules by high-resolution laser spectroscopy

Parity violation (PV) effects in chiral molecules have so far never been experimentally observed. To take this challenge up, a consortium of physicists, chemists, theoreticians and spectroscopists has been established and aims at measuring PV energy differences between two enantiomers by using high-resolution laser spectroscopy. In this article, we present our common strategy to reach this goal, the progress accomplished in the diverse areas, and point out directions for future PV observations. The work of Andr\'e Collet on bromochlorofluoromethane enantiomers, their synthesis and their chiral recognition by cryptophanes made feasible the first generation of experiments presented in this paper.Comment: 30 pages, 11 figure

Measurement of inclusive π0\pi^{0} production in hadronic Z0Z^{0} decays

An analysis is presented of inclusive \pi^0 production in Z^0 decays measured with the DELPHI detector. At low energies, \pi^0 decays are reconstructed by \linebreak using pairs of converted photons and combinations of converted photons and photons reconstructed in the barrel electromagnetic calorimeter (HPC). At high energies (up to x_p = 2 \cdot p_{\pi}/\sqrt{s} = 0.75) the excellent granularity of the HPC is exploited to search for two-photon substructures in single showers. The inclusive differential cross section is measured as a function of energy for {q\overline q} and {b \bar b} events. The number of \pi^0's per hadronic Z^0 event is N(\pi^0)/ Z_{had}^0 = 9.2 \pm 0.2 \mbox{(stat)} \pm 1.0 \mbox{(syst)} and for {b \bar b}~events the number of \pi^0's is {\mathrm N(\pi^0)/ b \overline b} = 10.1 \pm 0.4 \mbox{(stat)} \pm 1.1 \mbox{(syst)} . The ratio of the number of \pi^0's in b \overline b events to hadronic Z^0 events is less affected by the systematic errors and is found to be 1.09 \pm 0.05 \pm 0.01. The measured \pi^0 cross sections are compared with the predictions of different parton shower models. For hadronic events, the peak position in the \mathrm \xi_p = \ln(1/x_p) distribution is \xi_p^{\star} = 3.90^{+0.24}_{-0.14}. The average number of \pi^0's from the decay of primary \mathrm B hadrons is found to be {\mathrm N} (B \rightarrow \pi^0 \, X)/\mbox{B hadron} = 2.78 \pm 0.15 \mbox{(stat)} \pm 0.60 \mbox{(syst)}