SUPPLY RESPONSE UNDER THE 1996 FARM ACT AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE U.S. FIELD CROPS SECTOR

The 1996 Farm Act gives farmers almost complete planting flexibility, allowing producers to respond to price changes to a greater extent than they had under previous legislation. This study measures supply responsiveness for major field crops to changes in their own prices and in prices for competing crops and indicates significant increases in responsiveness. Relative to 1986-90, the percentage increases in the responsiveness of U.S. plantings of major field crops to a 1-percent change in their own prices are wheat (1.2 percent), corn (41.6 percent), soybeans (13.5 percent), and cotton (7.9 percent). In percentage terms, the increases in the responsiveness generally become greater with respect to competing crops' price changes. The 1996 legislation has the least effect on U.S. wheat acreage, whereas the law may lead to an average increase of 2 million acres during 1996-2005 in soybean acreage, a decline of 1-2 million acres in corn acreage, and an increase of 0.7 million acres in cotton acreage. Overall, the effect of the farm legislation on regional production patterns of major field crops appears to be modest. Corn acreage expansion in the Central and Northern Plains, a long-term trend in this important wheat production region, will slow under the 1996 legislation, while soybean acreage expansion in this region will accelerate. The authors used the Policy Analysis System-Economic Research Service (POLYSYS-ERS) model that was jointly developed by USDA's Economic Research Service and the University of Tennessee's Agricultural Policy Analysis Center to estimate the effects of the 1996 legislation.Supply response, major field crops, acreage price elasticities, normal flex acreage (NFA), 1996 farm legislation., Agricultural and Food Policy, Crop Production/Industries,

LMDA Review, volume 8, issue 2

Contents include: Head to Head 1997 Annual Conference, LMDA\u27s Statement of Principle Regarding Rent Lawsuit, A Letter from Canada, My Involvement with Rent, A Dramaturg Changes Hats: Tim Sanford on Career Flexibility, Regional News, The Advocacy Caucus Needs You, Mid-Atlantic/D.C. Metropolitan Regional Report, Dramaturgy Northwest, New York Regional, Regional Vice Presidents.https://soundideas.pugetsound.edu/lmdareview/1016/thumbnail.jp

LMDA Review, volume 8, issue 2

Contents include: Head to Head 1997 Annual Conference, LMDA\u27s Statement of Principle Regarding Rent Lawsuit, A Letter from Canada, My Involvement with Rent, A Dramaturg Changes Hats: Tim Sanford on Career Flexibility, Regional News, The Advocacy Caucus Needs You, Mid-Atlantic/D.C. Metropolitan Regional Report, Dramaturgy Northwest, New York Regional, Regional Vice Presidents.https://soundideas.pugetsound.edu/lmdareview/1016/thumbnail.jp

Proximal, selective, and dynamic interactions between integrin αIIbβ3 and protein tyrosine kinases in living cells

Stable platelet aggregation, adhesion, and spreading during hemostasis are promoted by outside-in αIIbβ3 signals that feature rapid activation of c-Src and Syk, delayed activation of FAK, and cytoskeletal reorganization. To evaluate these αIIbβ3–tyrosine kinase interactions at nanometer proximity in living cells, we monitored bioluminescence resonance energy transfer between GFP and Renilla luciferase chimeras and bimolecular fluorescence complementation between YFP half-molecule chimeras. These techniques revealed that αIIbβ3 interacts with c-Src at the periphery of nonadherent CHO cells. After plating cells on fibrinogen, complexes of αIIbβ3–c-Src, αIIbβ3–Syk, and c-Src–Syk are observed in membrane ruffles and focal complexes, and the interactions involving Syk require Src activity. In contrast, FAK interacts with αIIbβ3 and c-Src, but not with Syk, in focal complexes and adhesions. All of these interactions require the integrin β3 cytoplasmic tail. Thus, αIIbβ3 interacts proximally, if not directly, with tyrosine kinases in a coordinated, selective, and dynamic manner during sequential phases of αIIbβ3 signaling to the actin cytoskeleton

The Whitham Equation as a Model for Surface Water Waves

The Whitham equation was proposed as an alternate model equation for the simplified description of uni-directional wave motion at the surface of an inviscid fluid. As the Whitham equation incorporates the full linear dispersion relation of the water wave problem, it is thought to provide a more faithful description of shorter waves of small amplitude than traditional long wave models such as the KdV equation. In this work, we identify a scaling regime in which the Whitham equation can be derived from the Hamiltonian theory of surface water waves. The Whitham equation is integrated numerically, and it is shown that the equation gives a close approximation of inviscid free surface dynamics as described by the Euler equations. The performance of the Whitham equation as a model for free surface dynamics is also compared to two standard free surface models: the KdV and the BBM equation. It is found that in a wide parameter range of amplitudes and wavelengths, the Whitham equation performs on par with or better than both the KdV and BBM equations.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figure

The Psychopathologies of Cognitive Capitalism:Part II

An international array of philosophers, critical theorists, media theorists, art historians, architects, and artists discussed the state of the mind and brain under the conditions of contemporary capitalism, in which these cognitive apparati have become the new focus of labouring. Like its predecessor &#8216;The Psychopathologies of Cognitive Capitalism: Part I&#8217;, this conference investigated how the conditions of &#8216;semiocapitalism&#8217; and &#8216;cognitive capitalism&#8217; have transformed the conditions of labour – specifically the fact that so much contemporary labour is immaterial, affective, and cognitive – and as a result détourned the role of emancipatory politics, art/architecture, and education today. Might these new conditions also have lasting material ramifications for the brain and mind? The conference elaborated upon many of the questions left unattended in Part 1. Questions such as: What is the future of mind in cognitive capitalism? Can a term such as &#8216;plastic materialism&#8217; describe the substantive changes in neural architectures instigated by this contingent cultural habitus? Is there such a thing as &#8216;cognitive communism&#8217;? Is designed space an agent or platform in the production of subjectivity and is parametrics complicit with its devices? How does artistic research create new emancipatory possibilities in opposition to the overwhelming instrumentalization of the general intellect in semiocapitalism?The Psychopathologies of Cognitive Capitalism: Part II, conference, ICI Berlin, 7–9 March 2013 <https://doi.org/10.25620/e130307

Spectroscopic parameters for silacyclopropynylidene, SiC2_2, from extensive astronomical observations toward CW Leo (IRC +10216) with the Herschel satellite

A molecular line survey has been carried out toward the carbon-rich asymptotic giant branch star CW Leo employing the HIFI instrument on board of the Herschel satellite. Numerous features from 480 GHz to beyond 1100 GHz could be assigned unambiguously to the fairly floppy SiC$_2$ molecule. However, predictions from laboratory data exhibited large deviations from the observed frequencies even after some lower frequency data from this survey were incorporated into a fit. Therefore, we present a combined fit of all available laboratory data together with data from radio-astronomical observations.Comment: 7 pages, 1 figure, J. Mol. Spectrosc., appeared; CDMS links corrected (version 2; current version: 3; may be updated later this year

Heart of Darkness: The Significance of the Zeptobarn Scale for Neutralino Direct Detection

The direct detection of dark matter through its elastic scattering off nucleons is among the most promising methods for establishing the particle identity of dark matter. The current bound on the spin-independent scattering cross section is sigma^SI < 10 zb for dark matter masses m_chi ~ 100 GeV, with improved sensitivities expected soon. We examine the implications of this progress for neutralino dark matter. We work in a supersymmetric framework well-suited to dark matter studies that is simple and transparent, with models defined in terms of four weak-scale parameters. We first show that robust constraints on electric dipole moments motivate large sfermion masses mtilde > 1 TeV, effectively decoupling squarks and sleptons from neutralino dark matter phenomenology. In this case, we find characteristic cross sections in the narrow range 1 zb 70 GeV. As sfermion masses are lowered to near their experimental limit mtilde ~ 400 GeV, the upper and lower limits of this range are extended, but only by factors of around two, and the lower limit is not significantly altered by relaxing many particle physics assumptions, varying the strange quark content of the nucleon, including the effects of galactic small-scale structure, or assuming other components of dark matter. Experiments are therefore rapidly entering the heart of dark matter-favored supersymmetry parameter space. If no signal is seen, supersymmetric models must contain some level of fine-tuning, and we identify and analyze several possibilities. Barring large cancellations, however, in a large and generic class of models, if thermal relic neutralinos are a significant component of dark matter, experiments will discover them as they probe down to the zeptobarn scale.Comment: 35 pages, 11 figures; v2: references added, figures extended to 2 TeV neutralino masses, XENON100 results included, published versio

Measuring Slepton Masses and Mixings at the LHC

Flavor physics may help us understand theories beyond the standard model. In the context of supersymmetry, if we can measure the masses and mixings of sleptons and squarks, we may learn something about supersymmetry and supersymmetry breaking. Here we consider a hybrid gauge-gravity supersymmetric model in which the observed masses and mixings of the standard model leptons are explained by a U(1) x U(1) flavor symmetry. In the supersymmetric sector, the charged sleptons have reasonably large flavor mixings, and the lightest is metastable. As a result, supersymmetric events are characterized not by missing energy, but by heavy metastable charged particles. Many supersymmetric events are therefore fully reconstructible, and we can reconstruct most of the charged sleptons by working up the long supersymmetric decay chains. We obtain promising results for both masses and mixings, and conclude that, given a favorable model, precise measurements at the LHC may help shed light not only on new physics, but also on the standard model flavor parameters.Comment: 24 pages; v2: fixed a typo in our computer program that led to some miscalculated branching ratios, various clarifications and minor improvements, conclusions unchanged, published versio

Reduced malignancy as a mechanism for longevity in mice with adenylyl cyclase type 5 disruption

Disruption of adenylyl cyclase type 5 (AC5) knockout (KO) is a novel model for longevity. Because malignancy is a major cause of death and reduced lifespan in mice, the goal of this investigation was to examine the role of AC5KO in protecting against cancer. There have been numerous discoveries in genetically engineered mice over the past several decades, but few have been translated to the bedside. One major reason is that it is difficult to alter a gene in patients, but rather a pharmacological approach is more appropriate. The current investigation employs a parallel construction to examine the extent to which inhibiting AC5, either in a genetic knockout (KO) or by a specific pharmacological inhibitor protects against cancer. This study is unique, not only because a combined genetic and pharmacological approach is rare, but also there are no prior studies on the extent to which AC5 affects cancer. We found that AC5KO delayed age-related tumor incidence significantly, as well as protecting against mammary tumor development in AC5KO × MMTV-HER-2 neu mice, and B16F10 melanoma tumor growth, which can explain why AC5KO is a model of longevity. In addition, a Food and Drug Administration approved antiviral agent, adenine 9-β-D-arabinofuranoside (Vidarabine or AraAde), which specifically inhibits AC5, reduces LP07 lung and B16F10 melanoma tumor growth in syngeneic mice. Thus, inhibition of AC5 is a previously unreported mechanism for prevention of cancers associated with aging and that can be targeted by an available pharmacologic inhibitor, with potential consequent extension of lifespan.Fil: De Lorenzo, Mariana S.. State University of New Jersey; Estados UnidosFil: Chen, Wen. Clemson University; Estados UnidosFil: Baljinnyam, Erdene. State University of New Jersey; Estados UnidosFil: Carlini, María José. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Oncologia "Angel H. Roffo"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: La Perle, Krista. Ohio State University; Estados UnidosFil: Bishop, Sanford P.. State University of New Jersey; Estados UnidosFil: Wagner, Thomas E.. Clemson University; Estados UnidosFil: Rabson, Arnold B.. State University of New Jersey; Estados UnidosFil: Vatner, Dorothy E.. State University of New Jersey; Estados UnidosFil: Puricelli, Lydia Ines. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Oncologia "Angel H. Roffo"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Vatner, Stephen F.. State University of New Jersey; Estados Unido