A New Species of \u3ci\u3eAcanthobothrium\u3c/i\u3e Van Beneden, 1849 (Eucestoda: Tetraphyllidea: Onchobothriidae) in \u3ci\u3eDasyatis longus\u3c/i\u3e Garman (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes: Dasyatididae) from Chamela Bay, Jalisco, Mexico

A new species of Acanthobothrium in Dasyatis longus from Chamela Bay, Jalisco, Mexico, is a member of a presumed clade of species diagnosed by being anapolytic or nearly so, having more than 100 testes per proglottis, with immature and mature proglottides wider than long to square, aspinose scolex, muscular bothridia fused to the scolex at their posterior ends, H- to V-shaped ovaries, relatively short symmetrical to asymmetrical ovarian arms that extend anteriorly to, or nearly to, the cirrus sac, and vitellaria arranged in fields rather than a single row of follicles. The new species most closely resembles Acanthobothrium terezae from the freshwater stingray Potamotrygon motoro in the following characters: bothridial hooks longer than 200 μm with inner hooks having bent asymmetrical prongs, an average of 130-140 testes per proglottis, and shallow genital atria located posterior to midline of proglottis. The new species differs from A. terezae by having outer hooks approximately the same size and shape as the inner hooks, inner hooks averaging 230 μm rather than 313 μm in total length, and cirrus sacs averaging 255 μm rather than 450 μm in length. The new species is unique among all described species of Acanthobothrium by having a cleft in the posterior margin of each apical bothridial pad. The apparent close relationship of the new species to one inhabiting a Neotropical freshwater stingray provides support for the hypothesized Pacific marine ancestry of Neotropical freshwater stingrays and raises the possibility that the Neotropical freshwater stingrays may not be monophyletic

The probiotic properties of Enterococcus faecium strains isolated from buffalo milk : food matrix studies

Buffalo milk has been increasingly explored in the production of dairy foods. Given the diversity of lactic acid bacteria present in this raw material, the functional potential of this type of milk should be studied. This study aims to assess the probiotic potential of two strains of Enterococcus faecium isolated from buffalo milk. We evaluated E. faecium M7AN7-1 and E. faecium M7AN10 for sustained cell viability under different conditions of conservation. We also assessed adhesion and cell viability in a simulated gastrointestinal transit test. E. faecium M7AN10 was selected for microencapsulation in sodium alginate and testing in the food matrix. The isolates maintained cell viability after refrigeration, freezing, and freeze-drying. E. faecium M7AN10 showed higher concentrations of viable cells than E. faecium M7AN7-1 after 180 min of contact with simulated gastric fluid, reaching 7.19 ± 0.59 Log10 CFU mL-1. We also observed sustained cell viability after exposure to simulated intestinal fluid. After encapsulation, E. faecium M7AN10 was tested in the food matrix of UHT milk. Cell count viability was maintained and its release was sustained in this medium for 30 days. The results of the in vitro assessment demonstrated that E. faecium M7AN10 remained functionally active under these experimental conditions. Similarly, they showed that it is a bacterium capable of sustaining viability in this type of food and after transit in a simulated gastrointestinal tract. Based on the data, we suggest this isolate may be a probiotic bacterial candidate for in vivo behavioral assessment

Combining symbiotic simulation systems with enterprise data storage systems for real-time decision-making

[EN] A symbiotic simulation system (S3) enables interactions between a physical system and its computational model representation. To support operational decisions, an S3 uses real-time data from the physical system, which is gathered via sensors and saved in an enterprise data storage system (EDSS). Both real-time and historical data are then used as inputs to the different components of an S3. This paper proposes a generic system architecture for an S3 and discusses its integration within EDSSs. The paper also reviews the literature on S3 and analyses how these systems can be used for real-time decision-making.This work has been partially funded by the Staff Mobility programme from the Erasmus+ (2020-2021).Onggo, B.; Corlu, CG.; Juan, AA.; Monks, T.; Torre-Martínez, MRDL. (2021). Combining symbiotic simulation systems with enterprise data storage systems for real-time decision-making. Enterprise Information Systems. 15(2):230-247. https://doi.org/10.1080/17517575.2020.177758723024715

Ovulation and gestation on the right and left hand sides in crossbred dairy cows

Por um período de quatro anos (1980-1983), estudaram-se 1.030 ciclos estrais em vacas de cinco rebanhos leiteiros da bacia leiteira de Juiz de Fora, MG. A ovulação foi diagnosticada pela presença de corpo lúteo através de palpação retal. Verificaram-se 63,6% (n = 655) de ovulações no ovário direito e 36,4% (n = 375) no esquerdo. O diagnóstico de prenhez em 2.181 fêmeas bovinas revelou 70,1% (n = 1.529), localizadas no corno direito e 29,9% (n = 652) no corno esquerdo. Os resultados mostram maior atividade do ovário direito e maior taxa de prenhez no corno uterino do mesmo lado, em vacas mestiças Holandês x Zebu. A study 1,030 oestrus cycles in crossbred dairy cows from five herds in the milk producing region of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, was undertaken in the four year period from 1980 to 1983. Ovulations were detected by the presence of a corpus luteum in the ovaries via rectal palpation. Of the ovulations so detected, 63.6% were located in the right-hand and 36.4% in the left-hand ovary. Pregnancy diagnosis in 2,181 cows showed a similar pattern, with 70.1% on the right-hand side and only 29.9% on the left. The results indicated a predominance of ovary activity and uterine pregnancy on the right-hand side of the reproductive tract.

Eficiência do cloprostenol no tratamento das infecções uterinas de vacas com atividade ovariana cíclica

Fifty Holstein x Zebu crossbred cows were monitored in several dairy farms. All cows showed mucopurulent discharge from the uterus and a cyclical corpus luteum in one of the ovaries. This condition was observed by rectal palpation and vaginoscopy. Seven days after the natural oestrus, thirty cows were treated with 500 µg intramuscular injection of cloprostenol to induce a new oestrus. A second dose was applied in seven of the 12 cows in which infection persisted seven days after oestrus. In the treated group, 18 cows (60%) recovered with only one injection, while 23 cows (76,7%) did with up to two injections. Among twenty cows of the untreated group (control), only five (25%) recovered from metritis. Number of recovered cases was significantly different between groups (P <0.05). This fact should recommend the use of cloprostenol for treating uterine infections in cycling cows. Foram utilizadas no experimento, 50 fêmeas bovinas mestiças HPB x Zebu, que apresentavam corrimento muco-purulento cervico-vaginal e corpo lúteo (CL) cíclico num dos ovários. Essa condição foi verificada através de exame ginecológico por palpação retal e auxílio de vaginoscópio. Sete dias após o cio natural, 30 animais que permaneceram com corrimento receberam uma injeção intramuscular de 500µg cloprostenol para indução de novo cio. Em sete de 12 animais em que a infecção ainda persistiu sete dias após esse cio induzido, aplicou-se uma segunda dose do produto. Entre as 30 vacas do grupo tratado, 18 (60,0%) recuperaram-se com uma e 23 (76,7%) com até duas aplicações. Dos 20 animais do grupo controle, cinco (25,0%) obtiveram a cura da metrite. Os animais tratados apresentaram um nível de recuperação de endometrite superior ao grupo controle (P <0,05), o que recomenda o uso de cloprostenol no tratamento da infecção uterina de vaca com atividade ovariana cíclica

Nuclear expression of PG-21, SRC-1, and pCREB in regions of the lumbosacral spinal cord involved in pelvic innervation in young adult and aged rats

In rats, ageing results in dysfunctional patterns of micturition and diminished sexual reflexes that may reflect degenerative changes within spinal circuitry. In both sexes the dorsal lateral nucleus and the spinal nucleus of the bulbospongiosus, which lie in the L5-S1 spinal segments, contain motor neurons that innervate perineal muscles, and the external anal and urethral sphincters. Neurons in the sacral parasympathetic nucleus of these segments provide autonomic control of the bladder, cervix and penis and other lower urinary tract structures. Interneurons in the dorsal gray commissure and dorsal horn have also been implicated in lower urinary tract function. This study investigates the cellular localisation of PG-21 androgen receptors, steroid receptor co-activator one (SRC-1) and the phosphorylated form of c-AMP response element binding protein (pCREB) within these spinal nuclei. These are components of signalling pathways that mediate cellular responses to steroid hormones and neurotrophins. Nuclear expression of PG-21 androgen receptors, SRC-1 and pCREB in young and aged rats was quantified using immunohistochemistry. There was a reduction in the number of spinal neurons expressing these molecules in the aged males while in aged females, SRC-1 and pCREB expression was largely unchanged. This suggests that the observed age-related changes may be linked to declining testosterone levels. Acute testosterone therapy restored expression of PG-21 androgen receptor in aged and orchidectomised male rats, however levels of re-expression varied within different nuclei suggesting a more prolonged period of hormone replacement may be required for full restoratio

Annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum lam.)-ruminant relation.

Italian ryegrass is the annual cool season forage species more cultivated for grazing in southern Brazil. Its interesting forage charac-teristics, in addition to the reduced production of native pasture species during low temperatures period (Autumn-Winter) justify its large scale utilization. However, the lack of knowledge of annual ryegrass morphophysiologic characteris-tics, as well as the grazing behavior of animals, may result in animal and vegetal production gain below the real productive potential. Research data results, up to the present time, show that the adequate management of this grass species suggests defoliation periods between 300 and 500 GD and dry matter availability between 8 and 18% of animal live weight, which allow greater animal and plant production. Dry matter offer near 8% of live weight (PV) favor animal performance per area, whereas forage offer close to 18% of animal live weight favor the individual animal performance, independently of the grazing system utilized. Other factors of important impact on morpho-physiologic characteristics of the pasture and animal grazing behavior are discussed in this paper, to serve as guideline for the management of animals, in Italian ryegrass pastures and furnish subsides to future research.O azevém anual é a espécie forrageira de estação fria mais cultivada para pastejo no Sul do Brasil. Suas interessantes características forrageiras aliadas à reduzida produção da maior parte das espécies nativas durante o período de baixas temperaturas justificam a utilização em larga escala. Entretanto, o desconhecimento de suas características morfofisiológicas, bem como do hábito de pastejo dos animais, podem resultar em ganhos de produto animal e vegetal muito inferior ao potencial produtivo. Conforme a produção literária até o presente momento, o adequado manejo desta gramínea deve ter períodos entre desfolhas de 300 a 500 GD e ofertas de matéria seca entre 8 e 18% do peso corporal dos animais, as quais possibilitam maiores produções, tanto vegetal como animal. As ofertas próximas a 8% PV favorecem o desempenho animal por área; enquanto que, as ofertas próximas a 18% PV, o desempenho individual, independe do sistema de pastoreio adotado. Outros fatores de importante impacto nas características morfofisiológicas da pastagem e no comportamento dos animais em pastejo são abordados no presente artigo para de orientar o manejo dos animais em azevém anual e fornecer subsídios para futuras pesquisas

Combining symbiotic simulation systems with enterprise data storage systems for real-time decision-making

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Taylor & Francis via the DOI in this recordA symbiotic simulation system (S3) enables interactions between a physical system and its computational model representation. To support operational decisions, an S3 uses real-time data from the physical system, which is gathered via sensors and saved in an enterprise data storage system (EDSS). Both real-time and historical data are then used as inputs to the different components of an S3. This paper proposes a generic system architecture for an S3 and discusses its integration within EDSSs. The paper also reviews the literature on S3 and analyses how these systems can be used for real-time decision-making.Erasmus

Adjuntos utilizados para produção de cerveja: características e aplicações

Among the raw materials used for beer production, barley malt is the most widely used to provide the necessary carbohydrates to yeasts during fermentation, in which alcohol and carbon dioxide are produced. Must supplementation with adjuncts is recommended to correct properties that were not reached but this should not affect beer quality. Thus, the aim of this review is to present the main raw materials used to replace barley malt. Cereals and starchy materials can be used as starchy adjuncts, such as corn gritz , rice, wheat. Another group of adjuncts, known as sugary adjuncts, also has wide applications. They do not need to suffer enzymatic hydrolysis, because their sugars are readily fermentable. The adjuncts, in general, are used to decrease production costs since they allow the use of reduced energy during processing.Key words: beer, adjuncts, fermentation.Das matérias-primas utilizadas para a produção de cervejas, o malte de cevada é o mais utilizado para fornecer os carboidratos necessários às leveduras durante a fermentação, onde é produzido o álcool e o gás carbônico característicos da bebida. A complementação do mosto com adjuntos é recomendada para corrigir propriedades que não foram atingidas, mas este não deve interferir na qualidade da cerveja. Deste modo, o objetivo desta revisão é apresentar as principais matérias-primas utilizadas em substituição ao malte de cevada. Cereais e matérias ricas em amido podem ser utilizados como adjuntos amiláceos, tais como gritz de milho, arroz, trigo. Outro grupo de adjuntos, conhecido como adjuntos açucarados também tem ampla aplicação, por não necessitarem sofrer hidrólise enzimática, porque são prontamente fermentáveis. Os adjuntos, de uma forma geral, proporcionam uma redução dos custos de produção, pois possibilitam empregar menor quantidade de energia durante o processamento.Palavras-chave: cerveja, adjuntos, fermentação

Genetical genomics: spotlight on QTL hotspots

No abstract available