The Associations of Race/Ethnicity and Suicidal Ideation among College Students: A Latent Class Analysis Examining Precipitating Events and Disclosure Patterns

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: De Luca, S., Yan, Y., Lytle, M. and Brownson, C. (2014), The Associations of Race/Ethnicity and Suicidal Ideation among College Students: A Latent Class Analysis Examining Precipitating Events and Disclosure Patterns. Suicide Life Threat Behav, 44: 444–456. doi:10.1111/sltb.12102, which has been published in final form at http://doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12102. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.The aim of this paper was to examine precipitating events for suicidal ideation and how these experiences relate to disclosure in a diverse sample of college students. Among non-Hispanic White students, relationship/academic problems were most associated with ideation. A romantic break-up increased the odds of getting help. Among racial/ethnic minority students, family/academic problems were most associated with ideation and students who reported multiple events were less likely to get help compared to those not reporting events. Future research should examine the reasons for interpersonal conflict among this high-risk group, their attitudes about help-seeking, and identify cultural norms associated with disclosure

χχSF near the electroweak scale

We employ the chirally rotated Schr"odinger functional ($chi$SF) to study two-point fermion bilinear correlation functions used in the determination of $Z_{A,V,S,P,T}$ on a series of well-tuned ensembles. The gauge configurations, which span renormalisation scales from 4 to 70~GeV, are generated with $N_{mf}=3$ massless flavors and Schr"odinger Functional (SF) boundary conditions. Valence quarks are computed with $chi$SF boundary conditions. We show preliminary results on the tuning of the $chi$SF Symanzik coefficient $z_f$ and the scaling of the axial current normalization $Z_{m A}$. Moreover we carry out a detailed comparison with the expectations from one-loop perturbation theory. Finally we outline how automatically $mathrm{O}(a)$-improved $B_{m K}$ matrix elements, including BSM contributions, can be computed in a $chi$SF renormalization scheme

Nonperturbative running of the tensor operator for N_\rm{f}=3 QCD from the chirally rotated Schr\"odinger Functional

We study the Renormalisation Group (RG) running of the non-singlet tensor operator, for $N_\mathrm{\scriptstyle f}=3$ QCD with Wilson fermions in a mixed action setup, with standard Schr\"odinger Functional (SF) boundary conditions for sea quarks and chirally rotated Schr\"odinger Functional ($\chi$SF) boundary conditions for valence quarks. Based on a recursive finite-size scaling technique we compute non-perturbatively the tensor step-scaling function for an energy range between a hadronic scale and an electroweak scale, above which perturbation theory may be safely applied. Our result is expressed as the RG-running factor $T^{\mathrm{RGI}}/[ T(\mu_{\mathrm{had}})]_{\scriptstyle \rm R}$, where the numerator is the scale independent (Renormalisation Group Invariant - RGI) tensor operator and the denominator is its renormalised counterpart at a hadronic scale $\mu_{\mathrm{had}} = 233(8)$~MeV in a given scheme. We determine the step-scaling function in four distinct renormalisation schemes. We also compute the renormalisation parameters of these schemes at $\mu_{\mathrm{had}}$ which, combined with the RG-running factor, gives the scheme-independent quantity $Z^{\mathrm{RGI}}_{\mathrm T}(g_0^2)$ in four schemes and for a range of bare gauge couplings in which large volume hadronic matrix element simulations are performed by the CLS consortium in $N_\mathrm{\scriptstyle f}=2+1$ QCD. All four results are compatible and also agree with a recent determination based on a unitary setup for Wilson quarks with Schr\"odinger Functional boundary conditions~arXiv:2309.04314 . This provides a strong universality test.Comment: 35 pages, 28 figure

The role of motivation to eat in the prediction of weight control behaviors in female and male adolescents

Objective: To examine whether motivation to eat variables predict changes in dieting and weight control behaviors in both gender groups over time. \ud Method: Greek adolescents (n=247), aged 14–18 years, completed questionnaires measuring different \ud dimensions of motivation to eat, dieting, healthy and unhealthy weight control behaviors. Dieting and weight \ud control behaviors were measured five months later. \ud Results: Compliance motivation positively predicted changes in dieting in males and a number of unhealthy \ud weight control behaviors in females. Coping motivation negatively predicted meal skipping in both genders \ud and was associated with a lower risk of vomiting in females. Social motivation positively predicted eating less \ud high fat food in males while pleasure motivation was associated with a reduced likelihood of eating more \ud fruits and vegetables in females and a reduced risk of fasting in males. \ud Conclusion: Intervention programs designed to facilitate healthy and circumvent unhealthy weight control \ud practices in adolescents should attend to gender differences in motivational factors shown to predict dieting \ud and weight control behaviors. For females it may be important to minimize compliance motivation whereas \ud for males, programs that foster social motivation to eat might be appropriate

HCV IRES manipulates the ribosome to promote the switch from translation initiation to elongation.

The internal ribosome entry site (IRES) of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) drives noncanonical initiation of protein synthesis necessary for viral replication. Functional studies of the HCV IRES have focused on 80S ribosome formation but have not explored its role after the 80S ribosome is poised at the start codon. Here, we report that mutations of an IRES domain that docks in the 40S subunit's decoding groove cause only a local perturbation in IRES structure and result in conformational changes in the IRES-rabbit 40S subunit complex. Functionally, the mutations decrease IRES activity by inhibiting the first ribosomal translocation event, and modeling results suggest that this effect occurs through an interaction with a single ribosomal protein. The ability of the HCV IRES to manipulate the ribosome provides insight into how the ribosome's structure and function can be altered by bound RNAs, including those derived from cellular invaders

Flow regime patterns and their controlling factors in the Ebro basin (Spain)

Natural intra-annual flow fluctuations vary between rivers, being a determining factor for aquatic insects, fish and riparian communities which are adapted to the habitat conditions and different flows throughout the seasons. Moreover, restoration of seasonal flow patterns plays an important role in achieving good ecological status of rivers, through the preservation and/or recovery of components and processes of natural river ecosystems. In this work we: (a) classify fluvial segments in the Ebro basin (North-Eastern Spain) according to the intra-annual variability of flows under natural conditions using statistical cluster analysis of monthly mean flow data; (b) characterise the resulting flow typologies according to several ecologically important hydrological variables; (c) analyse the relationships between flow regimes of fluvial segments and physical variables from their catchments; and finally (d) predict the most probable natural flow regime using logistic models based on the most determinant physical characteristics. Fifteen natural flow typologies were described in the Ebro basin, which were characterised in terms of flow fluctuation through the year as well as timing, flow ratio and duration of the maximum and minimum flows. Precipitation, biogeography and geology of catchments showed the highest correlations with flow regimes. Basin size, mean elevation and slope were also correlated. The logistic model we developed had a prediction success of 72% in the Ebro basin. The definition of the natural hydrological conditions (to which the biological communities are tailored), even when flow data are not available, is an important support in the management of river ecosystems. It is especially suitable for setting goals in aquatic ecosystem conservation or restoration projects

Antarctic sea ice thickness and snow-to-ice conversion from atmospheric reanalysis and passive microwave snow depth

Passive microwave snow depth, ice concentration, and ice motion estimates are combined with snowfall from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) reanalysis (ERA-40) from 1979-2001 to estimate the prevalence of snow-to-ice conversion (snow-ice formation) on level sea ice in the Antarctic for April-October. Snow ice is ubiquitous in all regions throughout the growth season. Calculated snow-ice thicknesses fall within the range of estimates from ice core analysis for most regions. However, uncertainties in both this analysis and in situ data limit the usefulness of snow depth and snow-ice production to evaluate the accuracy of ERA-40 snowfall. The East Antarctic is an exception, where calculated snow-ice production exceeds observed ice thickness over wide areas, suggesting that ERA-40 precipitation is too high there. Snow-ice thickness variability is strongly controlled not just by snow accumulation rates, but also by ice divergence. Surprisingly, snow-ice production is largely independent of snow depth, indicating that the latter may be a poor indicator of total snow accumulation. Using the presence of snow-ice formation as a proxy indicator for near-zero freeboard, we examine the possibility of estimating level ice thickness from satellite snow depths. A best estimate for the mean level ice thickness in September is 53 cm, comparing well with 51 cm from ship-based observations. The error is estimated to be 10-20 cm, which is similar to the observed interannual and regional variability. Nevertheless, this is comparable to expected errors for ice thickness determined by satellite altimeters. Improvement in satellite snow depth retrievals would benefit both of these methods