Nerve agent simulant detection by using chromogenic triaryl methane cation probes

Two triaryl methane cations have been used as probes for colorimetric detection of nerve agent simulants. Buffered mixed aqueous solutions of 1 and 2 showed bathochromic shifts in the presence of DCNP (diethylcyanophosphonate) and DCP (diethylchlorophosphate). The colour modulation can be observed to the naked eye. Appropriate mechanisms for the recognition event are proposed. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.We thank the Spanish Government (projects MAT2009-14564-C01 and MAT2009-14564-C03) and the Generalitat Valenciana (project PROMETEO/2009/016) for support. R.G. is grateful to the Spanish Government for a fellowship. S.R. is grateful to the Generalitat Valenciana for a fellowship. SCSIE (Universidad de Valencia) is gratefully acknowledged for all the equipment employed.Gotor Candel, RJ.; Royo Calvo, S.; Costero Nieto, AM.; Parra Álvarez, M.; Gil Grau, S.; Martínez Mañez, R.; Sancenón Galarza, F. (2012). Nerve agent simulant detection by using chromogenic triaryl methane cation probes. Tetrahedron. 68(41):8612-8616. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2012.07.091S86128616684

Chromogenic and fluorogenic reagents for chemical warfare nerve agents' detection

The ease of production, the extreme toxicity of organophosphorus-containing nerve agents, and their facile use in terrorism attacks underscores the need to develop accurate systems to detect these chemicals. Among different technologies we review here recent advances in the design of chromo-fluorogenic methods for the specific detection of nerve agents. Optical sensing (especially colorimetric detection) requires usually low-cost and widely used instrumentation and offers the possibility of so-called “naked eye detection”. Recent reported examples suggest that the application of chromo-fluorogenic supramolecular concepts for the chromogenic or fluorogenic sensing of nerve agents might be an area of increasing interest that would allow developing systems able to overcome some of the limitations shown by classical analytical methods.Costero Nieto, Ana Maria, [email protected] ; Parra Alvarez, Margarita, [email protected] ; Gil Grau, Salvador, [email protected]

Cross-sectional associations of reallocating time between sedentary and active behaviours on cardiometabolic risk factors in young people: An International Children’s Accelerometry Database (ICAD) analysis

Introduction: Sedentary time and time spent in various intensity-specific physical activity are co-dependent, and increasing time spent in one behaviour requires decreased time in another. Objective: The aim of the present study was to examine the theoretical associations with reallocating time between categories of intensities and cardiometabolic risk factors in a large and heterogeneous sample of children and adolescents. Methods: We analysed pooled data from 13 studies comprising 18,200 children and adolescents aged 4–18 years from the International Children’s Accelerometry Database (ICAD). Waist-mounted accelerometers measured sedentary time, light physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Cardiometabolic risk factors included waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), fasting high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C and LDL-C), triglycerides, insulin, and glucose. Associations of reallocating time between the various intensity categories with cardiometabolic risk factors were explored using isotemporal substitution modelling. Results: Replacing 10 min of sedentary time with 10 min of MVPA showed favourable associations with WC, SBP, LDL-C, insulin, triglycerides, and glucose; the greatest magnitude was observed for insulin (reduction of 2–4%), WC (reduction of 0.5–1%), and triglycerides (1–2%). In addition, replacing 10 min of sedentary time with an equal amount of LPA showed beneficial associations with WC, although only in adolescents. Conclusions: Replacing sedentary time and/or LPA with MVPA in children and adolescents is favourably associated with most markers of cardiometabolic risk. Efforts aimed at replacing sedentary time with active behaviours, particularly those of at least moderate intensity, appear to be an effective strategy to reduce cardiometabolic risk in young people

Cross-Sectional Associations of Reallocating Time Between Sedentary and Active Behaviours on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Young People:An International Children’s Accelerometry Database (ICAD) Analysis

Introduction: Sedentary time and time spent in various intensity-specific physical activity are co-dependent, and increasing time spent in one behaviour requires decreased time in another. Objective: The aim of the present study was to examine the theoretical associations with reallocating time between categories of intensities and cardiometabolic risk factors in a large and heterogeneous sample of children and adolescents. Methods: We analysed pooled data from 13 studies comprising 18,200 children and adolescents aged 4–18 years from the International Children’s Accelerometry Database (ICAD). Waist-mounted accelerometers measured sedentary time, light physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Cardiometabolic risk factors included waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), fasting high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C and LDL-C), triglycerides, insulin, and glucose. Associations of reallocating time between the various intensity categories with cardiometabolic risk factors were explored using isotemporal substitution modelling. Results: Replacing 10 min of sedentary time with 10 min of MVPA showed favourable associations with WC, SBP, LDL-C, insulin, triglycerides, and glucose; the greatest magnitude was observed for insulin (reduction of 2–4%), WC (reduction of 0.5–1%), and triglycerides (1–2%). In addition, replacing 10 min of sedentary time with an equal amount of LPA showed beneficial associations with WC, although only in adolescents. Conclusions: Replacing sedentary time and/or LPA with MVPA in children and adolescents is favourably associated with most markers of cardiometabolic risk. Efforts aimed at replacing sedentary time with active behaviours, particularly those of at least moderate intensity, appear to be an effective strategy to reduce cardiometabolic risk in young people

LEARN 2 MOVE 0-2 years:effects of a new intervention program in infants at very high risk for cerebral palsy; a randomized controlled trial

Background: It is widely accepted that infants at risk for cerebral palsy need paediatric physiotherapy. However, there is little evidence for the efficacy of physiotherapeutic intervention. Recently, a new intervention program, COPCA (Coping with and Caring for infants with special needs - a family centered program), was developed. COPCA has educational and motor goals. A previous study indicated that the COPCA-approach is associated with better developmental outcomes for infants at high risk for developmental disorders. LEARN 2 MOVE 0-2 years evaluates the efficacy and the working mechanisms of the COPCA program in infants at very high risk for cerebral palsy in comparison to the efficacy of traditional infant physiotherapy in a randomized controlled trial. The objective is to evaluate the effects of both intervention programs on motor, cognitive and daily functioning of the child and the family and to get insight in the working elements of early intervention methods.Methods/design: Infants are included at the corrected age of 1 to 9 months and randomized into a group receiving COPCA and a group receiving traditional infant physiotherapy. Both interventions are given once a week during one year. Measurements are performed at baseline, during and after the intervention period and at the corrected age of 21 months. Primary outcome of the study is the Infant Motor Profile, a qualitative evaluation instrument of motor behaviour in infancy. Secondary measurements focus on activities and participation, body functions and structures, family functioning, quality of life and working mechanisms. To cope with the heterogeneity in physiotherapy, physiotherapeutic sessions are video-recorded three times (baseline, after 6 months and at the end of the intervention period). Physiotherapeutic actions will be quantified and related to outcome.Discussion: LEARN 2 MOVE 0-2 years evaluates and explores the effects of COPCA and TIP. Whatever the outcome of the project, it will improve our understanding of early intervention in children with cerebral palsy. Such knowledge is a prerequisite for tailor-made guidance of children with CP and their families.Trial registration: The trial is registered under NTR1428.</p

Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use in early acute respiratory distress syndrome : Insights from the LUNG SAFE study

Publisher Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s). Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Background: Concerns exist regarding the prevalence and impact of unnecessary oxygen use in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We examined this issue in patients with ARDS enrolled in the Large observational study to UNderstand the Global impact of Severe Acute respiratory FailurE (LUNG SAFE) study. Methods: In this secondary analysis of the LUNG SAFE study, we wished to determine the prevalence and the outcomes associated with hyperoxemia on day 1, sustained hyperoxemia, and excessive oxygen use in patients with early ARDS. Patients who fulfilled criteria of ARDS on day 1 and day 2 of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure were categorized based on the presence of hyperoxemia (PaO2 > 100 mmHg) on day 1, sustained (i.e., present on day 1 and day 2) hyperoxemia, or excessive oxygen use (FIO2 ≥ 0.60 during hyperoxemia). Results: Of 2005 patients that met the inclusion criteria, 131 (6.5%) were hypoxemic (PaO2 < 55 mmHg), 607 (30%) had hyperoxemia on day 1, and 250 (12%) had sustained hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use occurred in 400 (66%) out of 607 patients with hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use decreased from day 1 to day 2 of ARDS, with most hyperoxemic patients on day 2 receiving relatively low FIO2. Multivariate analyses found no independent relationship between day 1 hyperoxemia, sustained hyperoxemia, or excess FIO2 use and adverse clinical outcomes. Mortality was 42% in patients with excess FIO2 use, compared to 39% in a propensity-matched sample of normoxemic (PaO2 55-100 mmHg) patients (P = 0.47). Conclusions: Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use are both prevalent in early ARDS but are most often non-sustained. No relationship was found between hyperoxemia or excessive oxygen use and patient outcome in this cohort. Trial registration: LUNG-SAFE is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02010073publishersversionPeer reviewe

Master of Science

thesisIn the United States mining industry, fatality statistics from 2004 to 2015 have revealed that the reduction of mining fatalities has become stagnant. To improve safety beyond the levels obtained, safety and health risk management systems (SHRMSs) are being investigated by industry and academia. In the mining industry, there are different views and approaches on how to make an effective SHRMS. Because most peer-reviewed evidence is qualitative, and in many cases, anecdotal because of its multivariate nature, this thesis attempts to assess the impact of SHRMSs at United States operating mines. A project was developed using subject matter experts to asses the intervention effectiveness of an SHRMS through an online survey, follow-up interviews, and the simultaneous collection and analysis of private and public safety performance data. In an effort to isolate and understand the univariate and multivariate data, survey questions were developed to evaluate six core elements of an SHRMS: responsibility and accountability, risk management, communication, training, behavior modification, and leadership. A limitation of this study was recruiting a sufficiently large sample size of participating mines. Therefore, statistical power was diminished and any conclusions have limited value in extrapolating the broader industry. Factorial analyses and McDonald's omega coefficient were used to validate the use of the survey and to create an index value from the experts' responses. The SHRMS effectiveness index (SHRMS EI) and with its constituent element scores were correlated with injury and citation rates using Spearman's rho coefficient. Analysis of injury rates over time revealed that the injury performance index (PI) improved after SHRMS implementation in all but one of the participating mines. Inverse correlations were identified in the cohort as a whole between SHRMS EI and injury PI, supporting the hypotheses that the application of a mature, company-specific SHRMS correlates inversely to the total injury rate. When analyzing different demographics, negative correlations between injury PI and the SHRMS EI became stronger when underground mines and surface mines were analyzed separately. The evidence from this research indicates that the intervention effectiveness of mature SHRMSs reduces the number of safety incidents within the cohort