ПОСТАНОВКА И РЕШЕНИЕ ЗАДАЧИ ОПЕРАТИВНОЙ КОРРЕКЦИИ ПОТОКОВ ПРИЛЕТА И ВЫЛЕТА ВОЗДУШНЫХ СУДОВ В РАЙОНЕ АЭРОДРОМА С ПОМОЩЬЮ ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКОГО АЛГОРИТМА

The improvement in the effectiveness of airfield operation largely depends on the problem solving quality on the interaction boundaries of different technological sections. One of such hotspots is the use of the same runway by inbound and outbound aircraft. At certain intensity of outbound and inbound air traffic flow the conflict of aircraft interests appears, where it may be quite difficult to sort out priorities even for experienced controllers, in consequence of which mistakes in decision-making unavoidably appear.In this work the task of response correction of landing and takeoff time of the aircraft using the same RW, in condition of the conflict of interests “arrival – departure” at the increased operating intensity is formulated. The choice of optimal solution is made taking into account mutual interests without the complete sorting and the evaluation of all solutions.Accordingly, the genetic algorithm, which offers a simple and effective approach to optimal control problem solution by providing flight safety at an acceptably high level, is proposed. The estimation of additional aviation fuel consumption is used as optimal choice evaluation criterion.The advantages of the genetic algorithm application at decision-making in comparison with today’s “team” solution of the conflict “departure – arrival” in the airfield area are shown.Повышение эффективности работы аэродрома в значительной степени зависит от качества решения проблем на границах взаимодействия различных технологических участков, в том числе использование одной взлетно-посадочной полосы (ВПП) прилетающими и вылетающими воздушными судами (ВС). При определенной интенсивности вылетающего и прилетающего потоков движения воздушных судов неизбежно возникает конфликт их интересов, где расставить приоритеты зачастую бывает сложно даже для опытных диспетчеров, вследствие чего возникают ошибки при принятии решения.В данной работе сформулирована задача оперативной коррекции времени посадки и взлета воздушных судов, использующих одну ВПП в условиях возникновения конфликта интересов «прилет-вылет» при повышенной операционной интенсивности. Выбор варианта оптимального решения производится с учетом обоюдных интересов без полного перебора и оценки всех вариантов решения.В этой связи предложен генетический алгоритм, предлагающий простой и эффективный подход к решению задачи выбора оптимального управления при обеспечении безопасности полетов на приемлемо высоком уровне. В качестве критериев оценки оптимальности выбора используется оценка дополнительного расхода авиационного топлива.Показаны преимущества применения генетического алгоритма при выборе решения по сравнению с принятым сегодня «командным» вариантом разрешения конфликта вылета и прилета в районе аэродрома

CMS physics technical design report : Addendum on high density QCD with heavy ions

Peer reviewe

FLIGHT EXPERT RISK ASSESSMENT OF AIRCRAFT GROUP AT THEIR PROXIMITY USING A PROGRAM-MANAGER

The paper presents an approach to solving the problem of aircraft flight safety. External threats in the form of aircraft-offenders are considered. The algorithm of collision danger coefficients with aircraft-offenders is presented, оn the basis of which the side-program manager of flight safety monitoring is formed.Two danger coefficients in the horizontal and vertical planes are introduced. Based on various flight situations four possible decisions are offered: absence of any aircraft activity, flight level change, deviation in the horizontal plane and both in vertical and horizontal planes. For each case the formulas of double evaluation are received. They take into account different parameters of aircraft relative motion. Based on these estimates it is possible to build a final expert evaluation for the considered flight situations. It is implemented in the onboard program-manager. The structure of the program is presented. At the program-manager output the expected minimized risk evaluation and the selected alternative of the avoidance of aircraft from the meeting point are formed. The paper presents a detailed description of the procedures to test the performance of the program-manager algorithms. The initial conditions for different flight situations are provided. The simulation results of the algorithm are given. The danger coefficients comparison when performing maneuvers to prevent dangerous approach and in their absence is illustrated. It is shown that the maneuver implementation recommended by program-manager algorithms decreases the resulting danger coefficient. Particular attention was paid to aircraft landing, especially if the landing area had several conflicting aircraft

ЭКСПЕРТНАЯ ОЦЕНКА ОПАСНОСТИ ПОЛЕТА ГРУППЫ ВОЗДУШНЫХ СУДОВ ПРИ ИХ СБЛИЖЕНИИ С ПОМОЩЬЮ ПРОГРАММЫ-ДИСПЕТЧЕРА

The paper presents an approach to solving the problem of aircraft flight safety. External threats in the form of aircraft-offenders are considered. The algorithm of collision danger coefficients with aircraft-offenders is presented, оn the basis of which the side-program manager of flight safety monitoring is formed.Two danger coefficients in the horizontal and vertical planes are introduced. Based on various flight situations four possible decisions are offered: absence of any aircraft activity, flight level change, deviation in the horizontal plane and both in vertical and horizontal planes. For each case the formulas of double evaluation are received. They take into account different parameters of aircraft relative motion. Based on these estimates it is possible to build a final expert evaluation for the considered flight situations. It is implemented in the onboard program-manager. The structure of the program is presented. At the program-manager output the expected minimized risk evaluation and the selected alternative of the avoidance of aircraft from the meeting point are formed. The paper presents a detailed description of the procedures to test the performance of the program-manager algorithms. The initial conditions for different flight situations are provided. The simulation results of the algorithm are given. The danger coefficients comparison when performing maneuvers to prevent dangerous approach and in their absence is illustrated. It is shown that the maneuver implementation recommended by program-manager algorithms decreases the resulting danger coefficient. Particular attention was paid to aircraft landing, especially if the landing area had several conflicting aircraft.В работе представлен подход к решению задачи обеспечения безопасности полета воздушного судна при наличии внешних угроз в виде воздушных судов-нарушителей. Приводится алгоритм расчета коэффициентов опасности столкновения с воздушными судами-нарушителями, на базе которых формируется бортовая программа-диспетчер контроля безопасности полета.Вводится два коэффициента опасности: в горизонтальной и вертикальной плоскостях. На основании различных полетных ситуаций предлагается четыре варианта принятия решения: отсутствие каких-либо действий воздушных судов (ВС), изменение эшелона, уклонение в горизонтальной плоскости и уклонение как в вертикальной, так и в горизонтальной плоскостях. Для каждого случая получены формулы двойной оценки, учитывающие различные параметры взаимного движения воздушных судов. На базе этих оценок можно построить итоговую экспертную оценку для рассмотренных полётных ситуаций, которая реализована в бортовой программе-диспетчере. Приведена структура указанной программы. На выходе программы-диспетчер формируются оценки величины ожидаемого минимизируемого риска и выбранная альтернатива уклонения ВС от точки встречи. В работе представлено подробное описание процедуры тестирования работы алгоритмов программы-диспетчера, приводятся начальные условия для разных полетных ситуаций. Приводятся результаты моделирования работы алгоритма. Проиллюстрировано сравнение результатов вычисления коэффициентов опасности при выполнении манёвров по предотвращению опасного сближения и при их отсутствии. Показано, что выполнение рекомендованных алгоритмами программы-диспетчера маневров приводит к уменьшению итогового коэффициента опасности. Особое внимание было уделено процессу посадки воздушного судна, особенно при наличии в районе посадки нескольких конфликтующих воздушных судов

Formulation of multicriteria problem of routing and scheduling of manned and unmanned aircraft in a dynamic environment and approach to its solution using genetic algorithms

The article deals with the multi-criteria task of routing and scheduling of unmanned and manned aircraft using the method of penalty functions. The authors describe the urgency of the problem being solved for the airline management under the conditions of the existing changes in the dynamic situation with a great variety of flight situations. A mathematical statement of the problem is formulated and a universal optimality criterion is proposed in the form of a sum of additive and multiplicative forms, including partial quality indicators. The search for optimal and rational solutions to the problem of optimal flight routing, taking into account the airline fleet resources, airspace users' offers, constant and variable restrictions, associated, for example, with unfavorable weather conditions, can be implemented using a one-criteria and multi-criteria approach, but as a result, it is proposed to use a genetic algorithm that has low computational complexity and offers as solutions ("ancestors"), close to the optimal and rational result.  With this approach, an "elite" is formed at the beginning of the algorithm, which allows the crossing operation to be performed at each step of the iteration (evolution). As a result, we get new "descendants", and by rearranging at least one item from one block to the next one, we can get a sufficiently large number of representatives, from which a new "elite" can be selected with the help of the criterion. The practice of using genetic algorithms has shown that along with the achievement of a global extremum with it, the process of substantial improvement of planning results is achieved in several evolution steps, and their number is clearly less than the number of steps when using numerical methods of parametric optimization.  The proposed approach will significantly improve the efficiency and quality of flight planning for the airline, taking into account the diversity of aircraft fleet, payload and environmental impact. This task is especially important under the conditions of joint management (CDM), where aeronautical data can be considered as additional criteria