A Hierarchical NeuroBayes-based Algorithm for Full Reconstruction of B Mesons at B Factories

We describe a new B-meson full reconstruction algorithm designed for the Belle experiment at the B-factory KEKB, an asymmetric e+e- collider that collected a data sample of 771.6 x 10^6 BBbar pairs during its running time. To maximize the number of reconstructed B decay channels, it utilizes a hierarchical reconstruction procedure and probabilistic calculus instead of classical selection cuts. The multivariate analysis package NeuroBayes was used extensively to hold the balance between highest possible efficiency, robustness and acceptable consumption of CPU time. In total, 1104 exclusive decay channels were reconstructed, employing 71 neural networks altogether. Overall, we correctly reconstruct one B+/- or B0 candidate in 0.28% or 0.18% of the BBbar events, respectively. Compared to the cut-based classical reconstruction algorithm used at the Belle experiment, this is an improvement in efficiency by roughly a factor of 2, depending on the analysis considered. The new framework also features the ability to choose the desired purity or efficiency of the fully reconstructed sample freely. If the same purity as for the classical full reconstruction code is desired ~25%, the efficiency is still larger by nearly a factor of 2. If, on the other hand, the efficiency is chosen at a similar level as the classical full reconstruction, the purity rises from ~25% to nearly 90%

Diversity, phylogeny and pathogenicity of Botryosphaeriaceae on nonnative Eucalyptus grown in an urban environment : a case study

The Botryosphaeriaceae are opportunistic pathogens mostly of woody plants, including Eucalyptus. These fungi can cause cankers and die-back diseases on non-native Eucalyptus trees in South African plantations. Botryosphaeriaceae were isolated from diseased and asymptomatic twigs and leaves from 20 Eucalyptus spp. grown in a Pretoria, South Africa arboretum and its surroundings. The isolates were initially grouped based on conidial morphology and Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) rDNA PCR-RFLP profiles. They were further identified using DNA sequence data for the ITS rDNA and translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF-1α) gene regions and tested for pathogenicity. Five species were identified including Botryosphaeria dothidea and four Neofusicoccum species namely Neofusicoccum parvum; N. cryptoaustrale and N. ursorum that were recently described from plant tissues collected as a part of the current study; and Neofusicoccum eucalypti (Winter) Maleme, Pavlic & Slippers comb. nov. The latter species is recorded for the first time on Eucalyptus in South Africa. Most of the identified species were collected from the leaves of 17 different Eucalyptus spp. Neofusicoccum parvum was most commonly isolated (72% of all isolates) followed by B. dothidea species complex (17%). With exception of N. parvum which was isolated from majority of Eucalyptus spp. the other species were isolated from limited number of Eucalyptus species indicating host-preferences. All the isolated Botryosphaeriaceae species produced lesions on inoculated Eucalyptus grandis plants that were significantly larger than those associated with the controls.The National Research Foundation (NRF), members of the Tree Protection Co-operative Programme (TPCP), Department of Science and technology (DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Tree Health Biotechnology (CTHB), South Africa, Department of Water affairs and Forestry, South Africa.http://www.elsevier.com/locate/ufug2018-08-30hj2017Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI)GeneticsMicrobiology and Plant Patholog

Averages of bb-hadron, cc-hadron, and τ\tau-lepton properties as of summer 2014

This article reports world averages of measurements of $b$-hadron, $c$-hadron, and $\tau$-lepton properties obtained by the Heavy Flavor Averaging Group (HFAG) using results available through summer 2014. For the averaging, common input parameters used in the various analyses are adjusted (rescaled) to common values, and known correlations are taken into account. The averages include branching fractions, lifetimes, neutral meson mixing parameters, $CP$ violation parameters, parameters of semileptonic decays and CKM matrix elements.Comment: 436 pages, many figures and tables. Online updates available at http://www.slac.stanford.edu/xorg/hfag

The UTfit Collaboration Average of D meson mixing data: Spring 2012

We derive constraints on the parameters $M_{12}$, $\Gamma_{12}$ and $\Phi_{12}$ that describe $D$ meson mixing using all available data, allowing for CP violation. We also provide posterior distributions and predictions for observable parameters appearing in $D$ physics.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure

Antimicrobial use in European acute care hospitals: results from the second point prevalence survey (PPS) of healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial use, 2016 to 2017

Antimicrobial agents used to treat infections are life-saving. Overuse may result in more frequent adverse effects and emergence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms. In 2016-17, we performed the second point-prevalence survey (PPS) of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and antimicrobial use in European acute care hospitals. We included 1,209 hospitals and 310,755 patients in 28 of 31 European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) countries. The weighted prevalence of antimicrobial use in the EU/EEA was 30.5% (95% CI: 29.2-31.9%). The most common indication for prescribing antimicrobials was treatment of a community-acquired infection, followed by treatment of HAI and surgical prophylaxis. Over half (54.2%) of antimicrobials for surgical prophylaxis were prescribed for more than 1 day. The most common infections treated by antimicrobials were respiratory tract infections and the most commonly prescribed antimicrobial agents were penicillins with beta-lactamase inhibitors. There was wide variation of patients on antimicrobials, in the selection of antimicrobial agents and in antimicrobial stewardship resources and activities across the participating countries. The results of the PPS provide detailed information on antimicrobial use in European acute care hospitals, enable comparisons between countries and hospitals, and highlight key areas for national and European action that will support efforts towards prudent use of antimicrobials

Observation of D0−Dˉ0D^0-\bar{D}^0 Mixing in e+e−e^+e^- Collisions

We observe $D^0-\bar{D}^0$ mixing in the decay $D^0\rightarrow K^+\pi^-$ using a data sample of integrated luminosity 976 fb$^{-1}$ collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB $e^+e^-$ asymmetric-energy collider. We measure the mixing parameters ${x'}^2 = (0.09\pm0.22)\times 10^{-3}$ and $y' = (4.6\pm3.4)\times 10^{-3}$ and the ratio of doubly Cabibbo-suppressed to Cabibbo-favored decay rates $R_D = (3.53\pm0.13)\times 10^{-3}$, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic combined. Our measurement excludes the no-mixing hypothesis at the 5.1 standard deviation level.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure

Search for Bs0→γγB_{s}^{0}\rightarrow\gamma\gamma and a measurement of the branching fraction for Bs0→ϕγB_{s}^{0}\rightarrow\phi\gamma

We search for the decay $B_{s}^{0}\rightarrow\gamma\gamma$ and measure the branching fraction for $B_{s}^{0}\rightarrow\phi\gamma$ using 121.4~$\textrm{fb}^{-1}$ of data collected at the $\Upsilon(\mathrm{5}S)$ resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy $e^{+}e^{-}$ collider. The $B_{s}^{0}\rightarrow\phi\gamma$ branching fraction is measured to be $(3.6 \pm 0.5 (\mathrm{stat.}) \pm 0.3 (\mathrm{syst.}) \pm 0.6 (f_{s})) \times 10^{-5}$, where $f_{s}$ is the fraction of $B_{s}^{(*)}\bar{B}_{s}^{(*)}$ in $b\bar{b}$ events. Our result is in good agreement with the theoretical predictions as well as with a recent measurement from LHCb. We observe no statistically significant signal for the decay $B_{s}^{0}\rightarrow\gamma\gamma$ and set a $90\%$ confidence-level upper limit on its branching fraction at $3.1 \times 10^{-6}$. This constitutes a significant improvement over the previous result.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure

Search for a dark vector gauge boson decaying to π+π−\pi^+ \pi^- using η→π+π−γ\eta \rightarrow \pi^+\pi^- \gamma decays

We report a search for a dark vector gauge boson $U^\prime$ that couples to quarks in the decay chain $D^{*+} \to D^0 \pi^+, D^0 \to K^0_S \eta, \eta \to U^\prime \gamma$, $U^\prime \to \pi^+ \pi^-$. No signal is found and we set a mass-dependent limit on the baryonic fine structure constant of $10^{-3} - 10^{-2}$ in the $U^\prime$ mass range of 290 to 520 MeV/$c^2$. This analysis is based on a data sample of 976 fb$^{-1}$ collected by the Belle experiment at the KEKB asymmetric-energy $e^+e^-$ collider.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure

Search for D0D^{0} decays to invisible final states at Belle

We report the result from the first search for $D^0$ decays to invisible final states. The analysis is performed on a data sample of 924 $\rm{fb}^{-1}$ collected at and near the $\Upsilon(4S)$ and $\Upsilon(5S)$ resonances with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy $e^{+}e^{-}$ collider. The absolute branching fraction is determined using an inclusive $D^0$ sample, obtained by fully reconstructing the rest of the particle system including the other charmed particle. No significant signal yield is observed and an upper limit of $9.4\times 10^{-5}$ is set on the branching fraction of $D^0$ to invisible final states at 90\% confidence level.Comment: 17 pages, 4 figures, submitted to PRD(RC

Study of e+e- => B(*) B(*)-bar pi+- at sqrt(s)=10.866 GeV

We report the analysis of the three-body e+e- => B B-bar pi, B B*-bar pi, and B* B*-bar pi processes, including the first observation of the Zb+-(10610) =>[B B*-bar+c.c.]+- and Zb+-(10650) => [B*B*-bar]+- transitions. We measure visible cross sections for the three-body production of sigma_vis(e+e- => [B B*-bar+c.c.]+-pi-+=(11.2+-1.0(stat.)+-1.2(syst.)) pb and sigma_vis(e+e- => [B*B*-bar]+-pi-+)=(5.61+-0.73(stat.)+-0.66(syst.)) pb and set a 90% C.L. upper limit of sigma_vis(e+e- => [BB-bar]+-pi-+)<2.1 pb. The results are based on a 121.4 1/fb data sample collected with the Belle detector at a center-of-mass energy near the Y(5S) peak.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figure