Физический интернет и транспортно-логистические системы цифровой экономики

Logistics transportation systems are considered regarding development of the Physical Internet. The Physical Internet is widely defined as an open global logistics system founded on physical, digital, and operational interconnectivity, through encapsulation, interfaces, and protocols, similar to the Digital Internet [1; 2]. It is built based on standardisation of both containers for transportation of goods and the equipment intended for their handling and supply. This allows creating a practically new industry since the shipper does not specify the mode of transport, and the system works on the principles of the Digital Internet, routing containers (analogous to packages of the Digital Internet) and collecting them in the right place at the right time. The concept of the Physical Internet is aimed at implementation of full interconnectedness, in terms of data, information, physical and financial flows, of several networks of freight transportation logistics services, as well as at their readiness to be freely used as a single large logistics network. The seamless physical, digital, and financial interconnection of logistics networks will include transportation, storage, and physical handling of cargo units (containers, demountable bodies, pallets, etc) [3]. In other words, these are physical objects, and that justifies the designation of the entire system as of the Physical Internet. Naturally, such a system inevitably raises the issue of standardising such physical objects (by analogy with standardising Digital Internet packages). Hence, the term of so-called ð-containers appears associated with special unified containers for storage, handling, transportation of material objects within the Physical Internet system. Now, the Physical Internet is not a merely theoretical concept. Its implementation is being carried out in many countries. The first Russian companies have already started promoting this concept as well. The objective of the article is to review the current state of this logistics model in Russia and the world based on the analysis of the literature and practical implementations.В работе рассматриваются вопросы развития транспортно-логистических систем с учётом развития физического интернета. Широкое признание получило определение физического интернета как глобальной открытой логистической системы, основанной на принципах физической, цифровой и операционной взаимосвязи, стандартных и свободных «интерфейсах» и «протоколах», по аналогии с цифровым интернетом [1; 2]. Он построен на базе типизации как контейнеров для перевозки грузов, так и средств их обработки и доставки. Это позволяет фактически создать новую отрасль, в которой отправитель груза не указывает вид транспорта, а система работает по принципам цифрового интернета, маршрутизируя контейнеры (аналоги пакетов в цифровом интернете) и собирая их в нужном месте в нужное время. Концепция физического интернета направлена на реализацию полной взаимосвязанности в части информационных, физических и финансовых потоков, нескольких сетей грузовых перевозок и логистических услуг, а также их готовность к беспрепятственному использованию в качестве одной большой логистической сети. Беспрепятственное физическое, цифровое и финансовое соединение логистических сетей будет включать операции транспортировки, хранения и физической обработки грузовых единиц (контейнеров, съёмных кузовов, поддонов и т.д.) [3]. Иными словами – это физические объекты, что и даёт название всей системе – физический интернет. Естественно, что в такой системе неизбежно встаёт вопрос о стандартизации таких физических объектов (по аналогии со стандартизацией пакетов). Отсюда и появляются так называемые p-контейнеры – специальные унифицированные контейнеры для хранения, грузообработки, транспортировки материальных объектов в системе физического интернета. На данный момент физический интернет существует уже не только как теоретическая концепция. Его внедрение осуществляется во многих странах. Есть уже и первые российские компании, которые начали продвижение этой концепции. Целью статьи является обзор текущего состояния этой логистической модели в России и мире на основе анализа источников и практических реализаций

Architecting Enterprise Applications for the Cloud: The Unicorn Universe Cloud Framework

© Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018. Recent IT advances that include extensive use of mobile and IoT devices and wide adoption of cloud computing are creating a situation where existing architectures and software development frameworks no longer fully support the requirements of modern enterprise application. Furthermore, the separation of software development and operations is no longer practicable in this environment characterized by fast delivery and automated release and deployment of applications. This rapidly evolving situation requires new frameworks that support the DevOps approach and facilitate continuous delivery of cloud-based applications using micro-services and container-based technologies allowing rapid incremental deployment of application components. It is also becoming clear that the management of large-scale container-based environments has its own challenges. In this paper, we first discuss the challenges that developers of enterprise applications face today and then describe the Unicorn cloud framework (uuCloud) designed to support the development and deployment of cloud-based applications that incorporate mobile and IoT devices. We use a doctor surgery reservation application “Lekar” case study to illustrate how uuCloud is used to implement a large-scale cloud-based application

Off-axis electron holography of bacterial cells and magnetic nanoparticles in liquid

The mapping of electrostatic potentials and magnetic fields in liquids usingelectron holography has been considered to be unrealistic. Here, we showthat hydrated cells ofMagnetospirillum magneticumstrain AMB-1 and assem-blies of magnetic nanoparticles can be studied using off-axis electronholography in a fluid cell specimen holder within the transmission electronmicroscope. Considering that the holographic object and reference waveboth pass through liquid, the recorded electron holograms show sufficientinterference fringe contrast to permit reconstruction of the phase shift ofthe electron wave and mapping of the magnetic induction from bacterialmagnetite nanocrystals. We assess the challenges of performingin situmagne-tization reversal experiments using a fluid cell specimen holder, discussapproaches for improving spatial resolution and specimen stability, and outlinefuture perspectives for studying scientific phenomena, ranging from interpar-ticle interactions in liquids and electrical double layers at solid–liquidinterfaces to biomineralization and the mapping of electrostatic potentialsassociated with protein aggregation and folding

CRISPR / CAS9 and its application in treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases

This article deals with the existing methods of treatment and modeling of cardiovascular diseases using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technologies. The most promising areas of application of genome editing in CVD were identified, as well as all the advantages and disadvantages of the possible use of CRISPR / Cas9 in clinical practice.В статье рассмотрены существующие способы лечения и моделирования сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний с помощью технологий редактирования генома CRISPR/Cas9. В ходе работы выделены наиболее перспективные направления применения редактирования генома в ССЗ, а также приведены все достоинства и недостатки возможного применения CRISPR/Cas9 в клинической практике.

μNDN: an Orchestrated Microservice Architecture for Named Data Networking

International audienceAs an extension of Network Function Virtualization, mi-croservice architectures are a promising way to design future network services. At the same time, Information-Centric Networking architectures like NDN would benefit from this paradigm to offer more design choices for the network architect while facilitating the deployment and the operation of the network. We propose $µ$NDN, an orchestrated suite of microservices as an alternative way to implement NDN forwarding and support functions. We describe seven essential micro-services we developed, explain the design choices behind our solution and how it is orchestrated. We evaluate each service alone and the whole microservice architecture through two realistic scenarios to show its ability to react and mitigate some performance and security issues thanks to the orchestration. Our results show that µNDN can replace a monolithic NDN forwarder while being more powerful and scalable

The international clinical trials registry platform (ICTRP): data integrity and the trends in clinical trials, diseases, and drugs

Introduction: Clinical trials are the gold standard for testing new therapies. Databases like ClinicalTrials.gov provide access to trial information, mainly covering the US and Europe. In 2006, WHO introduced the global ICTRP, aggregating data from ClinicalTrials.gov and 17 other national registers, making it the largest clinical trial platform by June 2019. This study conducts a comprehensive global analysis of the ICTRP database and provides framework for large-scale data analysis, data preparation, curation, and filtering.Materials and methods: The trends in 689,793 records from the ICTRP database (covering trials registered from 1990 to 2020) were analyzed. Records were adjusted for duplicates and mapping of agents to drug classes was performed. Several databases, including DrugBank, MESH, and the NIH Drug Information Portal were used to investigate trends in agent classes.Results: Our novel approach unveiled that 0.5% of the trials we identified were hidden duplicates, primarily originating from the EUCTR database, which accounted for 82.9% of these duplicates. However, the overall number of hidden duplicates within the ICTRP seems to be decreasing. In total, 689 793 trials (478 345 interventional) were registered in the ICTRP between 1990 and 2020, surpassing the count of trials in ClinicalTrials.gov (362 500 trials by the end of 2020). We identified 4 865 unique agents in trials with DrugBank, whereas 2 633 agents were identified with NIH Drug Information Portal data. After the ClinicalTrials.gov, EUCTR had the most trials in the ICTRP, followed by CTRI, IRCT, CHiCTR, and ISRCTN. CHiCTR displayed a significant surge in trial registration around 2015, while CTRI experienced rapid growth starting in 2016.Conclusion: This study highlights both the strengths and weaknesses of using the ICTRP as a data source for analyzing trends in clinical trials, and emphasizes the value of utilizing multiple registries for a comprehensive analysis

Microservice Transition and its Granularity Problem: A Systematic Mapping Study

Microservices have gained wide recognition and acceptance in software industries as an emerging architectural style for autonomic, scalable, and more reliable computing. The transition to microservices has been highly motivated by the need for better alignment of technical design decisions with improving value potentials of architectures. Despite microservices' popularity, research still lacks disciplined understanding of transition and consensus on the principles and activities underlying "micro-ing" architectures. In this paper, we report on a systematic mapping study that consolidates various views, approaches and activities that commonly assist in the transition to microservices. The study aims to provide a better understanding of the transition; it also contributes a working definition of the transition and technical activities underlying it. We term the transition and technical activities leading to microservice architectures as microservitization. We then shed light on a fundamental problem of microservitization: microservice granularity and reasoning about its adaptation as first-class entities. This study reviews state-of-the-art and -practice related to reasoning about microservice granularity; it reviews modelling approaches, aspects considered, guidelines and processes used to reason about microservice granularity. This study identifies opportunities for future research and development related to reasoning about microservice granularity.Comment: 36 pages including references, 6 figures, and 3 table

Predicting the solvation of organic compounds in aqueous environments: from alkanes and alcohols to pharmaceuticals

The development of accurate models to predict the solvation, solubility, and partitioning of nonpolar and amphiphilic compounds in aqueous environments remains an important challenge. We develop state-of-the-art group-interaction models that deliver an accurate description of the thermodynamic properties of alkanes and alcohols in aqueous solution. The group-contribution formulation of the statistical associating fluid theory based on potentials with a variable Mie form (SAFT-γ Mie) is shown to provide accurate predictions of the phase equilibria, including liquid–liquid equilibria, solubility, free energies of solvation, and other infinite-dilution properties. The transferability of the model is further exemplified with predictions of octanol–water partitioning and solubility for a range of organic and pharmaceutically relevant compounds. Our SAFT-γ Mie platform is reliable for the prediction of challenging properties such as mutual solubilities of water and organic compounds which can span over 10 orders of magnitude, while remaining generic in its applicability to a wide range of compounds and thermodynamic conditions. Our work sheds light on contradictory findings related to alkane–water solubility data and the suitability of models that do not account explicitly for polarity

Фурье-преобразование в сферических системах как инструмент решения физических задач структурной биологии

Applications of the most common adaptation of Fourier analysis in spherical coordinate systems used to solve a number of problems in structural biology, namely, flat wave decomposition (flat waves are represented as spherical functions decomposition), are herein considered. Arguments in favor of this decomposition are compared with other decompositions in superposition of special functions. A more general justification for the correctness of this decomposition is obtained than that existing today. A method for representing groups of atoms in the form of a Fourier object is proposed. It is also considered what opportunities give such a representation. The prospects for the application of Fourier analysis in structural biophysics are discussed.Рассмотрено применение наиболее распространенной адаптации Фурье-анализа в сферических системах координат для решения ряда задач структурной биологии, а именно: разложения по плоским волнам (при этом плоские волны представляются в виде разложения по сферическим функциям). Приводятся аргументы в пользу этого разложения в сравнении с другими разложениями по суперпозициям специальных функций. Получено более общее обоснование корректности данного разложения, чем существующие в настоящее время. Предложен способ представления групп атомов в виде Фурье-объекта и рассмотрены его возможности. Обсуждаются перспективы применения Фурье-анализа в структурной биофизике

Glycosylation of mucins present in gastric juice: the effect of helicobacter pylori eradication treatment

It is suggested that gastric mucins, and in particular some specific glycan structures that can act as carbohydrate receptors, are involved in the interactions with Helicobacter pylori adhesins. The main aim of our study was to evaluate glycosylation pattern of glycoproteins of gastric juice before and at the end of eradication therapy. Gastric juices were taken from 13 clinical patients and subjected to analysis. Pooled fractions of the void volume obtained after gel filtration were subjected to ELISA tests. To assess the relative amounts of carbohydrate structures, lectins and monoclonal antibodies were used. Changes in the level of MUC 1 and MUC 5AC mucins and of carbohydrate structures, which are suggested to be receptors for Helicobacter pylori adhesins, were observed by the end of the eradication treatment. Our results support the idea about the involvement of MUC 5AC and MUC 1 with some specific sugar structures in the mechanism of Helicobacter pylori infection