Funcionamento do mercado de serviços de transporte de passageiros e gestão do desenvolvimento em aglomerações urbanas baseadas em abordagem integrada

In this article, according to the results of urban agglomeration study of the Krasnodar Territory, they revealed global and local problems of passenger transport service market functioning and development affecting the quality of transport services. A new classification of passenger transport services markets is proposed, which allows to differentiate and optimize a route network in accordance with the requirements of consumer demand. An integrated approach has been formulated that integrates SWOT analysis and PEST analysis toolsinto a single coherent system that allows to take into account the global and the local aspects of passenger transport service market functioning and development to solve the problems of management in urban agglomerations. The matrix model "CTON" ("Coordination of public transport services") is developed, which includes a substantial part of SWOT and PEST analysis tools, the use of which allows to identify the components that affect an effective functioning and the development of PTS markets systematically and purposefully. SWOT and PEST analysis was carried out, on the basis of which the components of KTON matrix were determined and structured in the issue of various types of markets for PTS functioning and development management on the example of urban agglomerations of the Krasnodar Territory. They developed universal script nomograms to optimize a route network, taking into account the seasonal factor of PTS provision to the population and allowing adjust the process of transport services for population in a functional way on the basis of a balance of benefits observation for all interested parties-participants of PTS markets (Customer-Carrier-Consumer). They proposed an estimated economic-mathematical model, on the basis of which an absolute integral economic effect from a route network optimization is determined.En este artículo, de acuerdo con los resultados del estudio de aglomeración urbana del territorio de Krasnodar, revelaron los problemas globales y locales del funcionamiento del mercado de servicios de transporte de pasajeros y el desarrollo que afectan la calidad de los servicios de transporte. Se propone una nueva  clasificación de los mercados de servicios de transporte de pasajeros, que permite diferenciary optimizar una red de rutas de acuerdo con los requisitos de la demanda del consumidor. Se haformulado un enfoque integrado que integra el análisis FODA y las herramientas de análisis PESTen un único sistema coherente que permite tener en cuenta los aspectos globales y locales del funcionamiento y desarrollo del mercado de servicios de transporte de pasajeros para resolver los problemas de gestión en las aglomeraciones urbanas. Se desarrolla el modelo matricial "CTON" ("Coordinación de servicios de transporte público"), que incluye una parte sustancial de las herramientas de análisis FODAy PEST, cuyo uso permite identificar los componentes que afectan un funcionamiento eficaz y el desarrollo de los mercados de PTS sistemática y a propósito. Se llevaron a cabo análisis FODA y PEST, sobre la base de los cuales se determinaron y estructuraron los componentes de la matriz de KTON en el tema de varios tipos de mercados para el funcionamiento de PTS y la gestión del desarrollo en el ejemplo de las aglomeraciones urbanas del territorio de Krasnodar. Desarrollaron nomogramas de guiones universales paraoptimizar una red de rutas, teniendo en cuenta el factor estacional de provisión de STP a la población y permitiendo ajustar el proceso de servicios de transporte para la población de manera funcional sobre la base de un balance de observación de beneficios para todas las partes interesadas -participantes de los mercados PTS (Cliente-Transportista-Consumidor). Propusieron un modelo económico-matemático estimado, sobre la base del cual se determina un efecto económico integral absoluto a partir de una optimización de la red de rutas.Neste artigo, de acordo com os resultados do estudo da aglomeração urbana do território de Krasnodar,eles revelaram os problemas globais e locais da operação do mercado de serviços de transporte depassageiros e desenvolvimento que afetam a qualidade dos serviços de transporte. Propõe-se uma novaclassificação dos mercados de serviços de transporte de passageiros, que permite diferenciar e otimizaruma rede de rotas de acordo com as exigências da demanda do consumidor. Uma abordagem integradafoi formulada que integra a análise SWOT e as ferramentas de análise PEST em um único sistema coerenteque permite levar em conta os aspectos globais e locais da operação e desenvolvimento do mercado deserviços de transporte de passageiros para resolver os problemas de gerenciamento. em aglomeraçõesurbanas. O modelo matricial "CTON" ("Coordenação dos serviços de transporte público") é desenvolvido,o qual inclui uma parte substancial das ferramentas de análise SWOT e PEST, cujo uso permite identificaros componentes que afetam uma operação eficiente e o desenvolvimento dos mercados. de PTSsistemática e propositalmente. Análises SWOT e PEST foram realizadas, com base nas quais oscomponentes da matriz KTON foram determinados e estruturados sobre o tema de vários tipos demercados para a operação de PTS e o gerenciamento do desenvolvimento no exemplo das aglomerações.áreas urbanas do território de Krasnodar. Desenvolveram nomogramas de roteiros universais para otimizaruma rede de rotas, levando em consideração o fator sazonal de provisão de LTS para a população epermitindo ajustar o processo de serviços de transporte para a população de forma funcional com base emum balanço de observação de benefícios para todas as partes interessadas - participantes dos mercadosPTS (Customer-Carrier-Consumer). Eles propuseram um modelo econômico-matemático estimado, combase no qual um efeito econômico integral absoluto é determinado a partir de uma otimização da rede derotas

Low-Weight Primes for Lightweight Elliptic Curve Cryptography on 8-bit AVR Processors

Small 8-bit RISC processors and micro-controllers based on the AVR instruction set architecture are widely used in the embedded domain with applications ranging from smartcards over control systems to wireless sensor nodes. Many of these applications require asymmetric encryption or authentication, which has spurred a body of research into implementation aspects of Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) on the AVR platform. In this paper, we study the suitability of a special class of finite fields, the so-called Optimal Prime Fields (OPFs), for a "lightweight" implementation of ECC with a view towards high performance and security. An OPF is a finite field Fp defined by a prime of the form p = u*2^k + v, whereby both u and v are "small" (in relation to 2^k) so that they fit into one or two registers of an AVR processor. OPFs have a low Hamming weight, which allows for a very efficient implementation of the modular reduction since only the non-zero words of p need to be processed. We describe a special variant of Montgomery multiplication for OPFs that does not execute any input-dependent conditional statements (e.g. branch instructions) and is, hence, resistant against certain side-channel attacks. When executed on an Atmel ATmega processor, a multiplication in a 160-bit OPF takes just 3237 cycles, which compares favorably with other implementations of 160-bit modular multiplication on an 8-bit processor. We also describe a performance-optimized and a security-optimized implementation of elliptic curve scalar multiplication over OPFs. The former uses a GLV curve and executes in 4.19M cycles (over a 160-bit OPF), while the latter is based on a Montgomery curve and has an execution time of approximately 5.93M cycles. Both results improve the state-of-the-art in lightweight ECC on 8-bit processors

GENESIS OF ORGANIZATIONAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL PLANNING IN RUSSIAN BUILDING PRACTICE

The article discusses the problems of construction production organization and technology improvement against the background of the historical genesis of Russian construction practice. A differentiated approach to organizational and technological process modeling is substantiated, depending on the scale and industry specifics of the facilities under construction, based on a combination of various planning schemes and organization of construction projects. They developed the thesis on the appropriateness of BIM modeling spreading throughout the entire life cycle of an object being formed with varying degrees of detail of the combined processes, including the development of options for its utilization and future use of the corresponding territory

Application of existing algorithms for classification and clustering of laser reflection points (k-Means, DBSCAN, SVM) to solve territorial planning problems

Objective. The aim of the study is to generalize the experience of using and reveal the features of methods for classifying and clustering images obtained by laser scanning.Method. The study is based on the use of algorithms for recognition, clustering and classification of data obtained using laser scanning.Result. A brief review of existing algorithms used for clustering images obtained by laser scanning has been carried out. The possibility of using sequentially the K-means and DBSCAN algorithms for clustering in relation to objects of various shapes is shown. The possibilities of using algorithms for the classification and clustering of laser reflection points (k-Means, DBSCAN, SVM) in the framework of solving territorial planning problems are analyzed.Conclusion. The use of the presented algorithms makes it possible to form data arrays that, when superimposed on each other subsequently and further processed, make it possible to obtain even more accurate representations of objects and territories in territorial planning documents, and in the future, based on the use of machine learning methods and processing of data matrices available in memory, get more accurate information about objects on the ground

Risk reduction through community-based monitoring:the vigías of Tungurahua, Ecuador

Since 2000, a network of volunteers known as vigías has been engaged in community-based volcano monitoring, which involves local citizens in the collection of scientific data, around volcán Tungurahua, Ecuador. This paper provides the first detailed description and analysis of this well-established initiative, drawing implications for volcanic risk reduction elsewhere. Based on 32 semi-structured interviews and other qualitative data collected in June and July 2013 with institutional actors and with vigías themselves, the paper documents the origins and development of the network, identifies factors that have sustained it, and analyses the ways in which it contributes to disaster risk reduction. Importantly, the case highlights how this community-based network performs multiple functions in reducing volcanic risk. The vigías network functions simultaneously as a source of observational data for scientists; as a communication channel for increasing community awareness, understanding of hazard processes and for enhancing preparedness; and as an early warning system for civil protection. Less tangible benefits with nonetheless material consequences include enhanced social capital – through the relationships and capabilities that are fostered – and improved trust between partners. Establishing trust-based relationships between citizens, the vigías, scientists and civil protection authorities is one important factor in the effectiveness and resilience of the network. Other factors discussed in the paper that have contributed to the longevity of the network include the motivations of the vigías, a clear and regular communication protocol, persistent volcanic activity, the efforts of key individuals, and examples of successful risk reduction attributable to the activities of the network. Lessons that can be learned about the potential of community-based monitoring for disaster risk reduction in other contexts are identified, including what the case tells us about the conditions that can affect the effectiveness of such initiatives and their resilience to changing circumstances

El moderno sistema de tributación de los bienes inmuebles

Taxation has long been an integral part of the functioning of the state, and if earlier the so-called “taxes” were used exclusively for the ruling elite and the bureaucratic apparatus, today taxes, forming the state budget revenue item, are subsequently redistributed to support programs various spheres of society, be it medicine, education, science, etc. The article is devoted to the study of the modern system of taxation of real estate, in particular, the specific features of real estate as objects of taxation, the main types of property taxes, regulatory legal acts in the field of taxation, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the tax structure of the Russian Federation.Los impuestos han sido durante mucho tiempo una parte integral del funcionamiento del estado, y si antes los llamados «impuestos» se usaban exclusivamente para la élite gobernante y el aparato burocrático, hoy los impuestos, que forman la partida de ingresos del presupuesto estatal, se redistribuyen posteriormente a programas de apoyo en diversas esferas de la sociedad, ya sea medicina, educación, ciencia, etc. El artículo está dedicado al estudio del sistema moderno de tributación de bienes inmuebles, en particular, las características específicas de los bienes inmuebles como objetos impositivos, los principales tipos de impuestos a la propiedad, actos legales regulatorios en el campo de los impuestos, así como las ventajas y desventajas de la estructura tributaria de la Federación de Rusia

Micromechanical Properties of Injection-Molded Starch–Wood Particle Composites

The micromechanical properties of injection molded starch–wood particle composites were investigated as a function of particle content and humidity conditions. The composite materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction methods. The microhardness of the composites was shown to increase notably with the concentration of the wood particles. In addition,creep behavior under the indenter and temperature dependence were evaluated in terms of the independent contribution of the starch matrix and the wood microparticles to the hardness value. The influence of drying time on the density and weight uptake of the injection-molded composites was highlighted. The results revealed the role of the mechanism of water evaporation, showing that the dependence of water uptake and temperature was greater for the starch–wood composites than for the pure starch sample. Experiments performed during the drying process at 70°C indicated that the wood in the starch composites did not prevent water loss from the samples.Peer reviewe

Mesoscopic Structures and Coexisting Phases in Silica Films

Silica films represent a unique two-dimensional film system, exhibiting both crystalline and vitreous forms. While much scientific work has focused on the atomic-scale features of this film system, mesoscale structures can play an important role for understanding confined space reactions and other applications of silica films. Here, we report on mesoscale structures in silica films grown under ultrahigh vacuum and examined with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Silica films can exhibit coexisting phases of monolayer, zigzag, and bilayer structures. Both holes in the film structure and atomic-scale substrate steps are observed to influence these coexisting phases. In particular, film regions bordering holes in silica bilayer films exhibit vitreous character, even in regions where the majority film structure is crystalline. At high coverages mixed zigzag and bilayer phases are observed at step edges, while at lower coverages silica phases with lower silicon densities are observed more prevalently near step edges. The STM images reveal that silica films exhibit rich structural diversity at the mesoscale

Eficacitatea tratamentului miomului uterin prin embolizarea arterelor uterine

În cazurile de miom uterin simptomatic este acceptată metoda alternativă de tratament prin embolizarea arterelor uterine. În acest aspect abordarea terapeutică este influenţată de aşa factori ca dimensiunile, localizarea şi numărul nodulilor miomatoşi, simptomele persistente şi dorinţa pacientei de a avea în viitor copii. Autorii prezintă rezultatele unui studiou clinic prospectiv asupra a 30 de cazuri de miom uterin, tratate prin EAU

Analysis of the PointNet neural network architecture

Objective. Most researchers convert point cloud data into ordinary three-dimensional voxel grids or image collections, which makes the data unnecessarily voluminous and causes problems when processing them. The purpose of the study is to analyze the architecture of the PointNet neural network. Method. A unified approach has been applied to solving various 3D recognition problems, ranging from object classification, detail segmentation to semantic scene analysis. Result. A comparative analysis of the classification of 2d and 3d objects was carried out, the layers and functions through which classification occurs were studied in detail. A type of neural network is considered that directly uses point clouds, which takes into account the invariance of permutations of points in the input data. The network is determined to provide a unified architecture for applications ranging from object classification, part segmentation, and scene semantics. For semantic segmentation, the input data can be either a single object from the part area segmentation or a small part of the 3D scene. A neural network that is widely used for raster image editing, graphic design, and digital art is a deep point cloud architecture called PointNet. Conclusion. A new deep point cloud architecture, PointNet, is introduced. For object classification task, the input point cloud is directly selected from the shape or pre-segmented from the scene point cloud. To obtain a virtual model of the real world, neural network solutions are used, based on the assumption that there is an RGB point cloud obtained by an RGB-D camera from one or several angles