A CARTILHA DIGITAL COMO FERRAMENTA DE EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL: O CASO DO RIO IPOJUCA: THE DIGITAL BOOKLET AS AN ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION TOOL: THE CASE OF THE IPOJUCA RIVER

RESUMO: Este artigo tem como objetivo abordar o estudo de caso de elaboração de uma cartilha digital como ferramenta de educação ambiental voltada para estudantes da Educação Básica, com foco na sensibilização e na promoção de práticas sustentáveis relacionadas à poluição do rio Ipojuca. A metodologia adotada baseou-se na pesquisa-ação com abordagem qualitativa, envolvendo estudantes do Ensino Fundamental II e Novo Ensino Médio do SESI Escada (PE) em todas as etapas de elaboração do produto, desde o levantamento teórico, análise ambiental, criação do layout, até à socialização do material. A cartilha busca potencializar o aprendizado e engajamento da comunidade escolar. A validação por professores da Educação Básica evidenciou aceitação unânime quanto à clareza, aplicabilidade e relevância pedagógica do material, destacando sua viabilidade para replicação em diferentes contextos. Conclui-se que a cartilha digital se configura como uma ferramenta eficaz para fortalecer a educação ambiental, promovendo a sensibilização, o protagonismo estudantil e ações coletivas em prol da conservação dos recursos hídricos e, consequentemente, para a sustentabilidade local. Palavras-chave: Água; Degradação ambiental; Estratégias educativas; ODS; Práticas sustentáveis.   ABSTRACT: This article aims to present a case study on the development of a digital booklet as an environmental education tool aimed at Basic Education students, focusing on raising awareness and promoting sustainable practices related to the pollution of the Ipojuca River. The methodology adopted was based on action research with a qualitative approach, involving students from lower secondary education (Ensino Fundamental II) and the New High School program at SESI Escada (PE) in all stages of the product’s development, from theoretical research and environmental analysis to layout design and the dissemination of the material. The booklet seeks to enhance learning and engagement within the school community. Validation by Basic Education teachers showed unanimous acceptance regarding the clarity, applicability, and pedagogical relevance of the material, highlighting its feasibility for replication in different contexts. It is concluded that the digital booklet constitutes an effective tool for strengthening environmental education by promoting awareness, student protagonism, and collective actions in favor of the conservation of water resources and, consequently, local sustainability. Keywords: Environmental Education; Water Pollution; Digital Booklet; Sustainability; SDGs

PROTOCOLO PARA O MAPEAMENTO DE INICIATIVAS DE ECONOMIA CRIATIVA (MIEC) EM INSTÂNCIAS DE GOVERNANÇA REGIONAL (IGR) DE MINAS GERAIS (BRASIL): A PROTOCOL FOR MAPPING CREATIVE ECONOMY INITIATIVES (MCEI) IN REGIONAL GOVERNANCE BODIES (RGB) OF MINAS GERAIS (BRAZIL)

RESUMO: Este artigo propõe um protocolo para o Mapeamento de Iniciativas de Economia Criativa (MIEC) em escala municipal, concebido como instrumento replicável de diagnóstico territorial aplicado a contextos turísticos. A partir de revisão da literatura e aplicação piloto em três Instâncias de Governança Regional (IGR) de Minas Gerais, o estudo estrutura uma matriz analítica composta por oito dimensões: 1) criatividade e capital intelectual, 2) potencial econômico, 3) inovação, 4) identidade cultural, 5) sustentabilidade, 6) empreendedorismo, 7) propriedade intelectual e 8) reputação territorial. A metodologia combina dados primários (survey e entrevistas) e secundários (dados e estatísticas municipais), trianguladas. Os resultados evidenciam lacunas institucionais e estratégicas no desenvolvimento das iniciativas criativas, especialmente em propriedade intelectual, inovação e articulação institucional. O protocolo oferece um procedimento comparável e de baixo custo para diagnóstico territorial da economia criativa, com potencial utilidade para pesquisas e aplicação prática em políticas públicas e planejamento turístico. Palavras-Chave: Economia Criativa; Mapeamento de Iniciativas de EC (MIEC); Protocolo de Diagnóstico; Territórios Turísticos; Instâncias de Governança Regional (IGR).   ABSTRACT: This study proposes a protocol for Mapping Creative Economy Initiatives (MCEI) at the municipal scale, conceived as a replicable instrument for territorial diagnosis in tourism contexts. Based on a literature review and a pilot application in three Regional Governance Instances in Minas Gerais, Brazil, the study develops an analytical matrix composed of eight dimensions: 1) creativity and intellectual capital, 2) economic potential, 3) innovation, 4) cultural identity, 5) sustainability, 6) entrepreneurship, 7) intellectual property, and 8) territorial reputation. Methodologically, the research combines secondary data, survey evidence, and interviews through analytical triangulation. Findings reveal recurrent weaknesses, especially in intellectual property, institutional articulation, innovation, and territorial branding, suggesting an incipient level of formalization of the identified initiatives. The protocol offers a comparable and low-cost procedure for diagnosing the creative economy in tourist territories, with potential applications in research, planning, and public policy. Keywords: Creative Economy; Mapping of Creative Economy Initiatives (MCEI); Diagnostic Protocol; Tourist Territories; Regional Governance Instances (RGIs). &nbsp

COMO O POSITIVISMO É VISTO NO CAMPO DO TURISMO? UMA ANÁLISE SISTEMÁTICA DE SUAS INFLUÊNCIAS A PARTIR DO LEVANTAMENTO BIBLIOMÉTRICO EM BASES DE DADOS SELECIONADAS: HOW IS POSITIVISM PERCEIVED IN TOURISM STUDIES? A SYSTEMATIC ASSESSMENT OF ITS INFLUENCES FROM A BIBLIOMETRIC REVIEW OF SELECTED DATABASES

RESUMO: Este estudo exploratório investiga a presença do positivismo na pesquisa em turismo. Por meio de uma revisão sistemática nas bases Scopus e SPELL, utilizando os termos “positivismo”, “tourism”, “positivismo” e “turismo” (buscado em título, palavras-chave e resumo), identificaram-se 38 trabalhos, dos quais 21 atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Os resultados revelam que, embora o positivismo seja historicamente apontado como matriz epistemológica inaugural do campo, poucos artigos aprofundam essa perspectiva: a maioria apenas menciona ou define o termo, sem o empregar para fundamentar métodos ou argumentos. Além disso, não se observou diálogo com autores positivistas “clássicos”. Conclui-se que a produção relacionada ao positivismo permanece reduzida e, quando presente, tende a ceder espaço à outras abordagens, possivelmente pela dificuldade de conciliar o enfoque predominantemente quantitativo do positivismo com demandas qualitativas contemporâneas. O estudo contribui ao mapear essa lacuna e ao indicar a necessidade de investigações que articulem, de forma mais robusta, fundamentos positivistas ao fenômeno turístico. Palavras-chave: turismo; positivismo; epistemologia; revisão sistemática.   ABSTRACT: This exploratory study examines how positivism features in tourism research. A systematic review was conducted in the Scopus and SPELL databases using the terms “positivism”, “tourism”, “positivism”, and “turismo” filtered by title, keywords, and abstract. The search returned 38 publications; 21 met the inclusion criteria for in-depth analysis. Findings indicate that, despite positivism’s status as an early epistemological influence in tourism studies, few articles engage with it substantively. Most merely reference or define the term without using positivism to support their methodological choices or core arguments, and citations of “classical” positivist authors are absent. Consequently, the overall volume of positivism-oriented research is low, and scholars increasingly privilege alternative paradigms – likely because positivism’s primarily quantitative stance offers limited alignment with current qualitative agendas. By mapping this gap, the present study highlights the need for more rigorous, positivist-grounded investigations of tourism phenomena. Keywords: tourism; positivism; epistemology; systematic review

ESCRITA COMO EXPERIMENTAÇÃO: A CONTRIBUIÇÃO DA TEORIA ATOR-REDE: WRITING AS EXPERIMENTATION: THE CONTRIBUTION OF ACTOR-NETWORK THEORY

RESUMO: A obra de Latour propõe uma reconfiguração profunda da sociologia ao questionar o significado do “social”. O autor evidencia um estilo provocador e acessível, e utiliza metáforas e ironias para aproximar o leitor de uma nova forma de pensar as Ciências Sociais. Latour critica a rigidez da Sociologia Tradicional — que chama de “sociologia do social” — e propõe em seu lugar uma “sociologia das associações”, base da chamada Teoria Ator-Rede (ANT). O presente artigo objetivou realizar uma análise panorâmica das cinco incertezas que embasam a Teoria Ator-Rede latouriana de modo a refletir sobre a escrita como experimentação. Palavras-chave: Latour, Teoria Ator-Rede, Cinco incertezas, Teoria Social Alternativa. ABSTRACT: Latour's work proposes a profound reconfiguration of sociology by questioning the meaning of the "social." The author demonstrates a provocative and accessible style, using metaphors and irony to bring the reader closer to a new way of thinking about the social sciences. Latour criticizes the rigidity of traditional sociology—which he calls the "sociology of the social"—and proposes in its place a "sociology of associations," the basis of the so-called Actor-Network Theory (ANT). This article aimed to provide a panoramic analysis of the five uncertainties that underpin Latourian Actor-Network Theory in order to reflect on writing as experimentation. Keywords: Latour, Actor-Network Theory, Five uncertainties, Alternative Social Theory

REFLEXIONES EN TORNO A LA MIGRACIÓN Y EL TURISMO EN BAHÍAS DE HUATULCO: REFLECTIONS ON MIGRATION AND TOURISM IN BAHÍAS DE HUATULCO

RESUMEN: Se entiende una estrecha relación entre el turismo y la migración, una que debe estudiar a estos dos movimientos de personas de una manera interrelacionada. Este documento explora esa relación en el destino turístico Bahías de Huatulco, Oaxaca, siendo éste un lugar desarrollado exclusivamente para la actividad económica del turismo, y que fue paso en el 2024 de miles de migrantes durante las grandes oleadas de Centroamérica y Sudamérica hacia Estados Unidos. A través de una extensa revisión bibliográfica y la observación, se realizó un mapeo de actores involucrados en la migración para determinar el tipo de relación que existe entre ellos. El estudio determinó que los organismos gubernamentales tienen una relación de poder sobre los migrantes mientras que con otros actores su relación es fundamental o de dependencia. Palabras clave: Bahías de Huatulco, mapeo de actores, migración, turismo.   RESUMO: Existe uma relação estreita entre turismo e migração, o que requer o estudo desses dois movimentos de pessoas de forma inter-relacionada. Este documento explora essa relação no destino turístico de Bahías de Huatulco, Oaxaca, um local desenvolvido exclusivamente para o turismo e que foi um ponto de trânsito para milhares de migrantes durante as grandes ondas da América Central e do Sul para os Estados Unidos em 2024. Por meio de uma extensa revisão bibliográfica e observação, foi realizado um mapeamento dos atores envolvidos na migração para determinar o tipo de relação existente entre eles. O estudo determinou que as agências governamentais têm uma relação de poder sobre os migrantes, enquanto com outros atores sua relação é fundamental ou de dependência. Palavras-chave: Baías de Huatulco, mapeamento de partes interessadas, migração, turismo.   ABSTRACT: There is a close relationship between tourism and migration, one that demands studying these two types of flow of people in an interconnected manner. This paper explores this relationship in the tourist destination of Bahías de Huatulco, Oaxaca, a place developed exclusively for tourism as an economic activity. In 2024, it became a transit point for thousands of migrants during the large waves of people from Central and South America heading towards the United States. An extensive literature review was made and also observation was used to create a mapping of actors involved in migration to determine the type of relationship that exists between them. The study determined that government agencies have a relationship of power over migrants, while their relationship with other actors is fundamental or one of dependence. Keywords: actor mapping, Bahías de Huatulco, migration, tourism

CHALLENGES OF LATIN AMERICAN TOURISM: DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVES AND SOCIO-SPATIAL CONTRADICTIONS

This special edition, dedicated to Tourism on the Oaxaca Coast, Mexico, presents the Journal of Tourism Studies and Practices (RTEP/GEPLAT/UERN) with another international volume, strengthening academic ties with distinguished Latin American researchers and opening new perspectives for thinking about tourism in our American continent based on empirical monographs and theoretical reflections that go beyond economic-managerial thinking. Therefore, valuing epistemological plurality and freedom and creativity in the critical perspective of emerging analytical objects and disruptive comprehensive frameworks, the collection of texts that follows presents the reader with the challenge of rethinking Tourism at the broad interface of Society, Culture, Space, Nature, Urban, Work, Technology, and Tradition. It is worth emphasizing, in effect, that Tourism on the Oaxaca Coast, Mexico sought to provoke more fertilization and cross-fertilization of ideas than conclusions and closures of debates. Thus, in the present Volume 14, Number 2 (2025), organized by Professor Dr. José María Filgueiras Nodar, from the Institute of Tourism Research, Universidad del Mar (Huatulco campus), the reader is presented with a collection of critical texts on tourism at the dawn of a 21st century already in advanced consolidation, in such a way that these empirically and theoretically-methodologically grounded arguments are eager to problematize tourism activity as a resource for socio-spatial development, on the one hand; but which has demonstrated, on the other hand, a series of structural contradictions that limit its developmental capacity of yesteryear, that is, of the last five decades of the collapse of linear, managerial and trend-predictive thinking. This edition, aiming to update a broad understanding of the theorization on tourism activities and their impacts on the construction of the social world, has the merit of fostering an active dialogue with Latin American thought on tourism, primarily Mexican authors, but above all it bears strong marks of Brazilian critical geography, notably marked by renowned names such as Milton Santos, Rogério Haesbaert, Roberto Lobato Correa, and Ana Fani Carlos. These authors promote an analytical bridge between the 20th century with its spaces of the large factory and the proletarian megalopolis and the 21st century of global financialized capitalism with its virtualized spaces of digital cities hyperconnected by networks of byte consumers and platformized workers. In terms of themes, this edition also reveals emerging and urgent issues for tourism studies, such as concerns about neocolonialist perspectives in tourist destinations geared towards mass consumers of shop windows, parks, and facades for image-based celebration on social media; precarious work behind the scenes and on the stages of services aimed at the playful and childish satisfaction of tourists; the daily life on the streets and the almost militarized institutionalization of migrants adrift from tourism and in vulnerable situations; real estate speculation and gentrification reshaping urban spaces for the expansion and socio-metabolic reproduction of Capital; in addition to problematizing the socio-environmental impacts caused by tourism activities on local ecosystems and traditional communities through neo-extractive processes. The opening article of this dossier – to which we devote greater attention in this preface – entitled EIGHTEEN YEARS OF SMELLS IN THE TOURIST DESTINATION OF BAHÍAS DE HUATULCO (OAXACA, MEXICO): AN AUTOETHNOGRAPHY THAT POINTS TOWARDS ETHICS, authored by Professor José María Filgueiras Nodar, presents an important discussion about smell as a marker of human experience and its relationship with memory, being a part of our identity. To this end, the study explores what is happening to the olfactory landscape of the tourist destination Bahías de Huatulco, in Oaxaca. Based on a personal account of experience, methodologically framed as an autoethnography in which the author recounts living in the area for 18 years, Professor Filgueiras Nodar explores this possibility of olfactory memory, from natural spaces to spaces with a greater human presence, such as: the most touristic locations, places where tourists and residents are indistinguishably found, and those spaces where practically only residents live. It is important to highlight the role of collective memory in the construction of both a social and territorial identity, which updates the past made present in habits, memories, knowledge, and ways of doing things. This presentified past expresses, in the symbolic, imaginary, relational, discursive, and material aspects of collective life within a specific territory, experiences that are still effervescent. Dr. Filgueiras Nodar's study, in this sense, cites both pleasant and unpleasant odors arising from human activity, revealing the contradictions between tourist and non-tourist spaces. The text concludes by stating that he is particularly interested in the ethics of tourism, focusing on whether the negative impacts of tourism are also reflected in the olfactory realm. In this autoethnography, the author claims to have found sufficient evidence to advance a hypothetically positive answer to this question. On the one hand, the text considers human interference in natural spaces and green areas, citing the example of quad bikes. On the other hand, it also addresses the social and cultural impacts of tourism, such as gentrification and the creation of olfactory bubbles exclusive to tourists (sanitized, odorless, standardized spaces for the tourist experience), even more so when many hotel workers and local residents in general live in places with a habitual presence of bad smells. The second article, entitled "THE MEGA-TOURISM PROJECT OF THE FULLY PLANNED BAHÍAS DE HUATULCO CENTER, OAXACA: SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL CONFLICT," by Mayra Manuel Aragón, shows how mega-tourism projects in Mexico have fostered capital accumulation through (neo)extractive processes, contributing to the commodification of nature and humanity. This study offers a powerful reflection on the failure of conservationist and preservationist paradigms as a critique of the unbridled advance of capital, as well as emphasizing the pressing need for complex societies to overcome the utilitarian conception of nature as an inexhaustible resource, even through technological means such as recyclability, conscious consumption, and innovation in operational chains within industrial and service production. The mega-tourism project discussed within the analytical framework of developmental planning, in effect, points to the capture of nature as a socio-ecological semiophore to be marketized, patrimonialized, and, ultimately, touristified; that is, it reaffirms the modern notion of nature as external to the human, but which can be socialized as a sociocultural and economic resource. Next, the third text, by Jorge Luis Hernández Aragón, titled WHALE WATCHING AS A TOURIST ACTIVITY ON THE COAST OF OAXACA, MEXICO. SOCIOECONOMIC AND SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS, demonstrates that tourism, with its diversified offerings, brings benefits such as job creation and environmental awareness, but that, in the case of this study, negative effects were identified, such as harassment of whales, collisions, and noise pollution, associated with a lack of knowledge about best practices. Aragón's discussion points to tourism as spectacle and a puerile license to ignore reality, which is quite distressing when, ironically, but perhaps naively, it resorts to the politically correct commercial label of environmental education and awareness. The text's critical argument shows how tourism has also resorted to a notion of nature as a cosmic life cycle dissociated from the human and, therefore, revealing the perfection of creation; However, it can be appropriated in modern times for socioeconomic purposes. Norma Edith Gopar Cruz opens the fourth article with the text TERRITORIAL CONFIGURATION AND LANDSCAPE TRANSFORMATION IN SAN JOSÉ MANIALTEPEC, TUTUTEPEC, JUQUILA, OAXACA. The author discusses the social construction and territorial reconfiguration of San José Manialtepec, a community located on the coast of Oaxaca, showing how the local territorial configuration reflects a history of community organization and appropriation of space through the socio-ecological-territorial system of uses and customs, but emphasizes that community structures are facing changes resulting from the growth of tourism, promoted by external interests and endorsed by local authorities. Cruz's discussion has become recurrent in the current literature on the broad impact of tourism on traditional communities, as it points to the transformations caused by the monetization of material and symbolic exchanges, and the commodification of traditional values ​​and knowledge once configured in relationships of gift-giving, godparenthood, and kinship. The touristification of traditional communities has, in effect, resorted to processes of patrimonialization of memory and culture, as well as the professionalization of youth for the tourism trade, which often inserts the collective imagination into the capitalist alienation of consumerism. The distancing of local authorities from the community and the territory, in this sense, demonstrates how much the presence of foreigners in tourism activities can destabilize daily community life. Continuing, the fifth paper, REFLECTIONS ON MIGRATION AND TOURISM IN BAHÍAS DE HUATULCO, by Linda Mayell and Mario Alberto Gómez-Rivera, reveals the close relationship between tourism and migration in the tourist destination of Bahías de Huatulco, Oaxaca, analyzing how government agencies have a power relationship over migrants who live in profound vulnerability and are subject to imposed conduct. The study highlights the irony of Huatulco as a "destination": for the tourist, it is an end in itself, a place of arrival for rest; for the migrant in transit, it is merely a stopover on an arduous journey north, a non-place of waiting and uncertainty. The discussion by Mayell and Gómez-Rivera on the migratory crisis that affects tourism activities is part of a broader macrostructural context of generalized societal crisis at a global level, which includes, among other things, the 2008 global economic crisis and the 2020-2022 COVID-19 pandemic, which caused the displacement of masses of people encompassing millions of individuals displaced from their cultural, territorial, linguistic, and consequently, subjective and moral-emotional autochthony. In South America, we highlight the experience of this anonymized fate for Colombians, Venezuelans, Guyanese, Haitians, and dozens of indigenous peoples arbitrarily divided by the modern device of the border between sovereign nation-states, but failing to promote citizenship in tolerable minimums of security, food, housing, health, and education, leaving the migrant, refugee, and displaced person to choose between the vulnerability of mobility and the existential threats of remaining in a dangerous and violent territory. The sixth text, MY FIRST JOB: WORK EXPERIENCES OF YOUNG PEOPLE IN HUATULCO, written by Jorge Alberto Meneses Cárdenas, describes the work experiences of young people living in Huatulco, linked to technology and other living conditions in a tourist area, revealing that atypical jobs generate multiple experiences that point to scenarios of uncertainty and job insecurity, although resistance strategies are also evident. This discussion brings to light issues such as emotional labor and the hijacking of subjectivity, which are quite present in the daily work of young people employed in the tourism industry. This industry has been employing creative strategies to exploit labor, such as: low wages, commissions tied to targets, overtime work, subjective and objective monitoring of work, hijacking of subjectivity, precarious working conditions, emotional engulfment within the group, subordination and moral offense, shame in the face of company demands, humiliation, invasion of intimate time and space and the home by the instrumental logic of Capital, and, no less important, seduction of the worker's subjectivity for the company's interests. Therefore, we have a current and urgent discussion in times of global failure of neoliberalism as an ideology for managing the reproduction and expansion of Capital. Ariana Eleuterio López, Edgar Talledos Sánchez, and Rosalía Camacho Lomelí write the seventh article in the dossier. In TERRITORIAL REORGANIZATION ON THE OAXACA COAST: TOURISM AND URBANIZATION, they address the case of the Oaxaca Coast, one of the regions of Mexico that has been transformed by the development of tourism activities in the last three decades, where land expropriation and widespread deforestation have been cornerstones for the establishment and development of tourism. The discussion in this text refers, once again, to the appropriation of society and nature as economic resources, sometimes socializing nature for the market, sometimes objectifying society for the interests of Capital. Furthermore, this dossier includes an interview with Professor Eva García Pérez – from the Polytechnic University of Madrid, Department of Urban Planning and Territorial Development – ​​entitled "GENTRIFICATION AND TOURISTIFICATION AS A PROCESS OF CAPITAL EXPANSION IN THE CONTEMPORARY CAPITALIST CITY." The interview was conducted by Rosalía Camacho Lomelí, who emphasizes how the processes of bourgeoisification of urban socio-spatial waste are linked to a logic that is not only ethical-aesthetic in the revitalization of cities, but above all in the colonization of the urban through touristification, thus critically situating the recent processes of patrimonialization through the (ab)use of collective memory. This dossier also includes a translation of the article THE IMPOSITION OF A SPACE: FROM SANTA CRUZ TO BAHÍAS DE HUATULCO, by Professor Edgar Talledos Sánchez, discussing how the current space of the Centro Integralmente Planeado Bahías de Huatulco (CIP Huatulco) was produced, whose implementation and development transformed the towns and rural centers of the municipality of Santa María Huatulco. Sánchez discusses how socio-spatial production is complexly associated with the ecosystemic reorganization of a territory, which implies cosmographic transformations of the peoples who inhabit it, altering economic and political dynamics. This article was originally published in Spanish in the Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales, in 2012. The edition concludes with the publication of two reviews, excellent critical notes on readings of two works relevant to critical studies in tourism. The first review, about the book SELLING A CITY: GENTRIFICATION AND TOURISM IN HISTORIC CENTERS, by Ibán Díaz Parra, was written by Fanny Antonia Cortes Matías and addresses how neoliberal urbanism prioritizes the market, deregulating land and credit and reducing state-provided public housing, thus legitimizing capitalist logic in cities. It argues that this pursuit of profitability uses urban culture to attract investment and tourism. Revitalization policies cause gentrification and touristification, displacing workers and privileging the wealthy. Therefore, mass tourism transforms the historic center into a consumable commodity, increasing the alienation of local residents. The second review is of the work ECOCIDAL TOURISM OR ECOLOGICAL TOURISM?, by Filgueiras Nodar, Manuel Aragón, Gómez Rojo and Jiménez Baños. The excellent review, written by José Ricardo Robledo Carmona, highlights that the title "Ecocidal Tourism" is provocative, questioning whether ecotourism fails in its precepts. The volume criticizes ecotourism from different dimensions (cultural, ecological, social), exposing its polysemy and inability to solve the problems of mass tourism. The work analyzes the negative impacts of tourism on ecosystems and local communities, promoted by large networks and governments. It concludes that the book opens new possibilities for understanding and managing ecotourism responsibly, seeking alternatives to unsustainable development. This edition, highly critical and up-to-date, addresses important themes for tourism that, even while presenting a narrative in favor of socially just practices, does not fail to discuss social inequalities and socio-ecological-territorial imbalances structurally created in and by tourism

EL MEGAPROYECTO TURÍSTICO DEL CENTRO INTEGRALMENTE PLANEADO BAHÍAS DE HUATULCO, OAXACA: LA CONFLICTIVIDAD SOCIOAMBIENTAL: THE TOURISM MEGAPROJECT OF THE INTEGRATED PLANNED CENTER BAHIAS DE HUATULCO OAXACA: THE SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL CONFLICT

RESUMEN: Los megaproyectos turísticos en México han sido portadores de importantes beneficios en los sitios donde se han puesto en marcha, sin embargo, también han favorecido a la acumulación del capital a través de procesos (neo)extractivistas, ya que contribuyen a la mercantilización tanto de la naturaleza como del mismo ser humano, lo que se traduce en conflicto. En el presente documento, se tiene como elemento de análisis a la ecología política para el entendimiento de la conflictividad socioambiental y de los procesos de desterritorialización, los cuales son consecuencia de los megaproyectos turísticos, siendo el referente aquí el Centro Integralmente Planeado (CIP) Bahías de Huatulco, localizado en la costa de Oaxaca, cuyo contexto histórico está marcado por un conflictivo proceso de expropiación territorial, fechado al año de 1984, y que en su inmediatez cercó el territorio, al mismo tiempo que segregó y llevó a la población a un proceso de relocalización que de larga data ha incidido en la organización socio-espacial, el equilibrio ecológico y la sostenibilidad. Palabras clave: conflictos, espacio social, extractivismo, turismo, territorio.   RESUMO: Megaprojetos de turismo no México trouxeram benefícios significativos aos locais onde foram implementados. No entanto, também fomentaram a acumulação de capital por meio de processos (neo)extrativistas, pois contribuem para a mercantilização da natureza e da humanidade, o que se traduz em conflitos. Neste documento, a ecologia política é utilizada como elemento de análise para compreender os conflitos socioambientais e os processos de desterritorialização, que são consequências de projetos de megaturismo, tendo como referência o Centro Integralmente Planejado (CIP) das Bahías de Huatulco, localizado na costa de Oaxaca, cujo contexto histórico é marcado por um processo conflituoso de expropriação territorial, datado de 1984, e que imediatamente cercou o território, ao mesmo tempo em que segregava e conduzia a população a um processo de realocação que há muito tempo influencia a organização socioespacial, o equilíbrio ecológico e a sustentabilidade. Palavras-chave: conflitos, espaço social, extrativismo, turismo, territorio.   ABSTRACT: Mega-tourism projects in Mexico have brought significant benefits to the places where they have been implemented. However, they have also fostered capital accumulation through (neo)extractivist processes, as they contribute to the commodification of both nature and humankind, which translates into a source of conflict. In this document, political ecology is used as an element of analysis to understand socio-environmental conflict and deterritorialization processes, which are a consequence of mega-tourism projects, the reference here being the Bahias de Huatulco Integrated Planned Center, located on the coast of Oaxaca, whose historical context is marked by a conflictive process of territorial expropriation, dated back to 1984, and which immediately surrounded the territory, while segregating and leading the population to a relocation process that has long influenced the socio-spatial organization, ecological balance and sustainability. Keywords: conflicts, social space, extractivism, tourism, territory

A IMPOSIÇÃO DE UM ESPAÇO. DE SANTA CRUZ A BAHÍAS DE HUATULCO: THE IMPOSITION OF A SPACE. FROM SANTA CRUZ TO BAHIAS DE HUATULCO

RESUMO: Este artigo explora como foi produzido o atual espaço do Centro Integralmente Planeado Bahías de Huatulco (CIP Huatulco), cuja implementação e desenvolvimento transformaram os povos e centros rurais do município de Santa María Huatulco. A partir de uma análise geográfico-política crítica, examinamos quais atores participaram de seu planejamento e desenvolvimento, como influenciaram e determinaram suas atuais condições espaciais e quais consequências esse espaço teve para seus habitantes. Da mesma forma, analisa os conflitos surgidos entre as diferentes instituições (Bienes Comunales de Santa María Huatulco e o Fondo Nacional de Fomento al Turismo) e o método utilizado para deslocar as comunidades rurais de suas localidades para construir uma infraestrutura hoteleira. Palabras chave: espaço, Centro Integralmente Planeado Bahías de Huatulco, sistema político, neoliberalismo, autoritarismo.     RESUMEN: Este artículo explora cómo se produjo el actual espacio del Centro Integralmente Planeado Bahías de Huatulco (CIP Huatulco), cuya implantación y de- sarrollo transformó los pueblos y núcleos rurales del municipio de Santa María Huatulco. Desde un análisis geográfico-político crítico se examina qué actores participaron en su planeación y desarrollo, de qué forma influyeron y determinaron sus actuales condiciones espaciales y qué consecuencias tuvo este espacio para sus pobladores. Asimismo, analiza los conflictos que se originaron entre las diferentes instituciones (Bienes Comunales de Santa María Huatulco y Fondo Nacional de Fomento al Turismo) y el método que se utilizó para desplazar a las comunidades rurales de sus localidades con el fin de construir una infraestructura hotelera. Palabras clave: espacio, Centro Integralmente Planificado Bahías de Huatulco, sistema político, neoliberalismo, autoritarismo.   ABSTRACT: This article explores how was producing CIP-Huatulco (Centro Integralmente Planeado Bahías de Huatulco) current space, whose establishment and develop transform village and rural centers of municipality Santa Maria Huatulco. From a geographic-politic and critical analyze is examining who participated in planning and develop of CIP-Huatulco, how they had influence and determine its current spatial conditions and what consequences had this space by own population. Likewise, it analyses conflicts that emerge between different institutions (Bienes Comunales de Santa María Huatulco and Fondo Nacional de Fomento al Turismo) and the methodology used to move rural communities from their villages to another place whit the purpose ofto build hotels and infrastructure in relation whith it. Keywords: space, Centro Integralmente Planeado Bahías de Huatulco, political system, neoliberalism, authoritarianism

RESEÑA DE “VENDER UNA CIUDAD”: REVIEW OF “SELLING A CITY”

DÍAZ PARRA, Ibán. Gentrificación y turistificación en los centros históricos. Sevilla, España: Editorial Universidad de Sevilla, 2022

TURISMO DE SOL E PRAIA: UMA REFLEXÃO TEÓRICA DOS MUNICÍPIOS DE INHAMBANE (MOÇAMBIQUE) E JOÃO PESSOA (BRASIL): SUN AND BEACH TOURISM: A THEORETICAL REFLECTION ON THE MUNICIPALITIES OF INHAMBANE (MOZAMBIQUE) AND JOÃO PESSOA (BRAZIL)

RESUMO: O turismo de sol e praia é um dos segmentos mais populares do setor turístico, especialmente em regiões litorâneas com características naturais privilegiadas. No entanto, observa-se uma lacuna na literatura quanto a estudos comparativos que envolvam realidades internacionais diversas. Este estudo busca suprir a ausência de análises comparativas entre Inhambane (Moçambique) e João Pessoa (Brasil), no que diz respeito à atividade turística. Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o desenvolvimento do turismo de sol e praia nos municípios de João Pessoa (Brasil) e Inhambane (Moçambique), com ênfase em aspectos socioeconômicos, ambientais e de governança pública. A pesquisa adota uma abordagem qualitativa, de caráter exploratório e descritivo, fundamentada em revisão bibliográfica e levantamento documental junto a fontes institucionais. Os resultados revelam similaridades entre as duas localidades no que se refere à forte atratividade natural, presença de biodiversidade marinha e terrestre, além da relevância do capital privado como indutor do desenvolvimento turístico. Em contrapartida, identificam-se divergências quanto à inserção da comunidade local nos processos decisórios e às estratégias de ordenamento territorial. Inhambane destaca-se pela atuação dos comitês de gestão e pela abordagem de co-gestão, enquanto João Pessoa apresenta fragilidades na participação cidadã, apesar do amparo normativo do Projeto Orla. O estudo contribui, portanto, para o fomento de análises comparativas na literatura sobre turismo de sol e praia, planejamento costeiro sustentável, destacando a importância de estratégias integradas entre turismo, meio ambiente e políticas públicas. Recomenda-se a realização de pesquisas de campo que envolvam gestores públicos, empreendimentos turísticos e comunidades locais para validação empírica das análises propostas. Palavras-chave: Turismo Costeiro;  Gestão de orlas; Turismo de sol e praia.   ABSTRACT: Sun and beach tourism is one of the most popular segments of the tourism sector, especially in coastal regions with privileged natural characteristics. However, there is a gap in the literature regarding comparative studies involving different international realities. This study seeks to make up for the lack of comparative analysis between Inhambane (Mozambique) and João Pessoa (Brazil) in terms of tourism activity. This article aims to analyze the development of sun and beach tourism in the municipalities of João Pessoa (Brazil) and Inhambane (Mozambique), with an emphasis on socio-economic, environmental and public governance aspects. The research adopts a qualitative, exploratory and descriptive approach, based on a literature review and a documentary survey of institutional sources. The results reveal similarities between the two locations in terms of their strong natural attractiveness, the presence of marine and terrestrial biodiversity, as well as the importance of private capital as an inducer of tourism development. On the other hand, there are differences in terms of the involvement of the local community in decision-making processes and land-use planning strategies. Inhambane stands out for its management committees and co-management approach, while João Pessoa shows weaknesses in citizen participation, despite the normative support of the Projeto Orla (Orla Project). The study therefore contributes to the development of comparative analyses in the literature on sun and beach tourism and sustainable coastal planning, highlighting the importance of integrated strategies between tourism, the environment and public policies. Field research involving public managers, tourism enterprises and local communities is recommended to empirically validate the proposed analyses. Keywords: Coastal tourism; Waterfront management; Sun and beach tourism