Perancangan Robot Pencapit Untuk Penyotir Barang Berdasarkan Warna Led Rgb Dengan Display Lcd Berbasis Arduino Uno

Pada rancangan penelitian ini dibuat sebuah robot yang dapat mengenali benda berdasarkan warna dan ditampilkan pada LCD dengan menggunakan mikrokontroler berbasis arduino uno. Robot akan mengelompokkan barang (box) yang sejenis secara otomatis. Robot ini mendekteksi 6 macam warna yaitu merah muda, hijau, biru, orange, hitam dan putih. Warna-warna tersebut dideteksi dengan menggunakan sensor warna yang memiliki output frekuensi, besar frekuensi yang dihasilkan tergantung dari panjang gelombang warna objek dan Intensitas cahayanya. Sedangkan sebagai pusat kendalinya menggunakan mikrokontroler berbasis arduino uno yang diprogram menggunakan bahasa C. Dari hasil pengujian yang telah dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa Robot ini dapat berjalan dengan baik pada saat membaca warna box dan menempatkan box tersebut sesuai dengan tempatnya serta warna tersebut ditampilkan pada LCD dan manfaat penggunaan robot dalam penyortiran akan lebih efisien dan efektif

Subcellular distribution of carbonic anhydrase in Solanum tuberosum L. leaves

The intracellular compartmentation of carbonic anhydrase (CA; EC 4.2.1.1), an enzyme that catalyses the reversible hydration of CO2 to bicarbonate, has been investigated in potato (#Solanum tuberosum$ L.) leaves. Although enzyme activity was mainly located in chloroplasts (87% of total cellular activity), significant activity (13%) was also found in the cytosol. The corresponding CA isoforms were purified either from chloroplasts or crude leaf extracts, respectively. The cytosolic isoenzyme has a molecular mass of 255 000 and is composed of eight identical subunits with an estimated Mr of 30 000. The chloroplastic isoenzyme (Mr 220 000) is also an octamer composed of two different subunits with Mr estimated at 27 000 and 27 500, respectively. The N-terminal amino acid sequences of both chloroplastic CA subunits demonstrated that they were identical except that the Mr-27 000 subunit was three amino acids shorter than that of the Mr-27 500 subunit. Cytosolic and chloroplastic CA isoenzymes were found to be similarly inhibited by monovalent anions (Cl-, I-, N3- and NO3-) and by sulfonamides (ethoxyzolamide and acetozolamide). Both CA isoforms were found to be dependent on a reducing agent such as cysteine or dithiothreitol in order to retain the catalytic activity, but 2-mercaptoethanol was found to be a potent inhibitor. A polyclonal antibody directed against a synthetic peptide corresponding to the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the chloroplastic CA monomers also recognized the cytosolic CA isoform. This antibody was used for immunocytolocalization experiments which confirmed the intracellular compartmentation of CA : within chloroplasts, CA is restricted to the stroma and appears randomly distributed in the cytosol. (Résumé d'auteur

Analisis Efektivitas Biaya dan Terapi Antipsikotik Haloperidol-Klorpromazin dan Risperidon-Klozapin pada Pasien Skizofrenia

Penggunaan jangka panjang terapi antipsikotik merupakan beban biaya yang ditanggung pasien skizofrenia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan efektivitas biaya dan efektivitas terapi kombinasi oral haloperidol-klorpromazin (tipikal) dibanding terapi kombinasi oral risperidol-klozapin (atipikal) pada pasien skizofrenia di ruang Unit Perawatan Intensif Psikiatrik (UPIP) di salah satu rumah sakit jiwa yang ada di Provinsi Riau. Penelitian dilakukan secara prospektif menggunakan rekam medik periode Februari hingga Mei 2016, dengan teknik accidental sampling. Dimana didapatkan yaitu nilai ACER (obat) kelompok terapi haloperidol-klorpromazin Rp 402,90 sedangkan terapi risperidon-klozapin Rp 4.848,53 dan nilai ACER (total) kelompok terapi haloperidol-klorpromazin Rp 302.073,43 sedangkan terapi risperidon-klozapin Rp 339.476,85. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa terapi kombinasi haloperidol-klorpromazin lebih cost-effective

Electric control of magnetism at the Fe/BaTiO3 interface

Interfacial magnetoelectric coupling is a viable path to achieve electrical writing of magnetic information in spintronic devices. For the prototypical Fe/BaTiO3 system, only tiny changes of the interfacial Fe magnetic moment upon reversal of the BaTiO3 dielectric polarization have been predicted so far. Here, by using X-ray magnetic circular dichroism in combination with high-resolution electron microscopy and first principles calculations, we report on an undisclosed physical mechanism for interfacial magnetoelectric coupling in the Fe/BaTiO3 system. At this interface, an ultrathin oxidized iron layer exists, whose magnetization can be electrically and reversibly switched on and off at room temperature by reversing the BaTiO3 polarization. The suppression/recovery of interfacial ferromagnetism results from the asymmetric effect that ionic displacements in BaTiO3 produces on the exchange coupling constants in the interfacial-oxidized Fe layer. The observed giant magnetoelectric response holds potential for optimizing interfacial magnetoelectric coupling in view of efficient, low-power spintronic devices

Efficacy, safety, and dose of Pafuramidine, a new oral drug for treatment of first stage sleeping sickness, in a phase 2a clinical study and phase 2b randomized clinical studies

Sleeping sickness (human African trypanosomiasis [HAT]) is caused by protozoan parasites and characterized by a chronic progressive course, which may last up to several years before death. We conducted two Phase 2 studies to determine the efficacy and safety of oral pafuramidine in African patients with first stage HAT.; The Phase 2a study was an open-label, non-controlled, proof-of-concept study where 32 patients were treated with 100 mg of pafuramidine orally twice a day (BID) for 5 days at two trypanosomiasis reference centers (Angola and the Democratic Republic of the Congo [DRC]) between August 2001 and November 2004. The Phase 2b study compared pafuramidine in 41 patients versus standard pentamidine therapy in 40 patients. The Phase 2b study was open-label, parallel-group, controlled, randomized, and conducted at two sites in the DRC between April 2003 and February 2007. The Phase 2b study was then amended to add an open-label sequence (Phase 2b-2), where 30 patients received pafuramidine for 10 days. The primary efficacy endpoint was parasitologic cure at 24 hours (Phase 2a) or 3 months (Phase 2b) after treatment completion. The primary safety outcome was the rate of occurrence of World Health Organization Toxicity Scale Grade 3 or higher adverse events. All subjects provided written informed consent.; Pafuramidine for the treatment of first stage HAT was comparable in efficacy to pentamidine after 10 days of dosing. The cure rates 3 months post-treatment were 79% in the 5-day pafuramidine, 100% in the 7-day pentamidine, and 93% in the 10-day pafuramidine groups. In Phase 2b, the percentage of patients with at least 1 treatment-emergent adverse event was notably higher after pentamidine treatment (93%) than pafuramidine treatment for 5 days (25%) and 10 days (57%). These results support continuation of the development program for pafuramidine into Phase 3

To respond or not to respond - a personal perspective of intestinal tolerance

For many years, the intestine was one of the poor relations of the immunology world, being a realm inhabited mostly by specialists and those interested in unusual phenomena. However, this has changed dramatically in recent years with the realization of how important the microbiota is in shaping immune function throughout the body, and almost every major immunology institution now includes the intestine as an area of interest. One of the most important aspects of the intestinal immune system is how it discriminates carefully between harmless and harmful antigens, in particular, its ability to generate active tolerance to materials such as commensal bacteria and food proteins. This phenomenon has been recognized for more than 100 years, and it is essential for preventing inflammatory disease in the intestine, but its basis remains enigmatic. Here, I discuss the progress that has been made in understanding oral tolerance during my 40 years in the field and highlight the topics that will be the focus of future research

Investigation of magneto-structural phase transition in FeRh by reflectivity and transmittance measurements in visible and near-infrared spectral region

Magneto-structural phase transition in FeRh epitaxial layers was studied optically. It is shown that the transition between the low-temperature antiferromagnetic phase and the high-temperature ferromagnetic phase is accompanied by a rather large change of the optical response in the visible and near-infrared spectral ranges. This change is consistent with ab initio calculations of reflectivity and transmittance. Phase transition temperatures in a series of FeRh films with thicknesses ranging from 6 to 100 nm is measured thereby demonstrating the utility of the method to quickly characterise samples. Spatially resolved imaging of their magnetic properties with a micrometer resolution shows that the phase transition occurs at different temperatures in different parts of the sample

Storing magnetic information in IrMn/MgO/Ta tunnel junctions via field-cooling

In this paper, we demonstrate that in Ta/MgO/IrMn tunneling junctions, containing no ferromagnetic elements, distinct metastable resistance states can be set by field cooling the devices from above the Néel temperature (TN) along different orientations. Variations of the resistance up to 10% are found upon field cooling in applied fields, in-plane or out-of-plane. Well below TN, these metastable states are insensitive to magnetic fields up to 2 T, thus constituting robust memory states. Our work provides the demonstration of an electrically readable magnetic memory device, which contains no ferromagnetic elements and stores the information in an antiferromagnetic active layer