Constructing Spaces and Times for Tactical Analysis in Football

A possible objective in analyzing trajectories of multiple simultaneously moving objects, such as football players during a game, is to extract and understand the general patterns of coordinated movement in different classes of situations as they develop. For achieving this objective, we propose an approach that includes a combination of query techniques for flexible selection of episodes of situation development, a method for dynamic aggregation of data from selected groups of episodes, and a data structure for representing the aggregates that enables their exploration and use in further analysis. The aggregation, which is meant to abstract general movement patterns, involves construction of new time-homomorphic reference systems owing to iterative application of aggregation operators to a sequence of data selections. As similar patterns may occur at different spatial locations, we also propose constructing new spatial reference systems for aligning and matching movements irrespective of their absolute locations. The approach was tested in application to tracking data from two Bundesliga games of the 2018/2019 season. It enabled detection of interesting and meaningful general patterns of team behaviors in three classes of situations defined by football experts. The experts found the approach and the underlying concepts worth implementing in tools for football analysts

Sea surface temperatures of the western Arabian Sea during the last deglaciation.

In this study we present a sea surface temperature (SST) record from the western Arabian Sea for the last\ud 20,000 years. We produced centennial-scale d18O and Mg/Ca SST time series of core NIOP929 with focus on\ud the glacial-interglacial transition. The western Arabian Sea is influenced by the seasonal NE and SW monsoon\ud wind systems. Lowest SSTs occur during the SW monsoon season because of upwelling of cold water, and\ud highest SSTs can be found in the low-productivity intermonsoon season. The Mg/Ca-based temperature record\ud reflects the integrated SST of the SW and NE monsoon seasons. The results show a glacial-interglacial SST\ud difference of 2C, which is corroborated by findings from other Arabian Sea cores. At 19 ka B.P. a yet\ud undescribed warm event of several hundred years duration is found, which is also reflected in the d18O record. A\ud second centennial-scale high SST/low d18O event is observed at 17 ka B.P. This event forms the onset of the\ud stepwise yet persistent trend toward Holocene temperatures. Highest Mg/Ca-derived SSTs in the NIOP929\ud record occurred between 13 and 10 ka B.P. Interglacial SST is 24C, indicating influence of upwelling. The\ud onset of Arabian Sea warming occurs when the North Atlantic is experiencing minimum temperatures. The rapid\ud temperature variations at 19, 17, and 13 ka B.P. are difficult to explain with monsoon changes alone and are\ud most likely also linked to regional hydrographic changes, such as trade wind induced variations in warm water\ud advection

Limits on the production of scalar leptoquarks from Z (0) decays at LEP

A search has been made for pairs and for single production of scalar leptoquarks of the first and second generations using a data sample of 392000 Z0 decays from the DELPHI detector at LEP 1. No signal was found and limits on the leptoquark mass, production cross section and branching ratio were set. A mass limit at 95% confidence level of 45.5 GeV/c2 was obtained for leptoquark pair production. The search for the production of a single leptoquark probed the mass region above this limit and its results exclude first and second generation leptoquarks D0 with masses below 65 GeV/c2 and 73 GeV/c2 respectively, at 95% confidence level, assuming that the D0lq Yukawa coupling alpha(lambda) is equal to the electromagnetic one. An upper limit is also given on the coupling alpha(lambda) as a function of the leptoquark mass m(D0)

Guidance on Monitoring of Marine Litter in European Seas

This publication is a Reference Report by the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission.The MSFD Technical Subgroup on Marine Litter was tasked to deliver guidance so that European Member States could initiate programmes for monitoring of Descriptor 10 of the MSFD. The present document provides the recommendations and information needed to commence the monitoring required for marine litter, including methodological protocols and categories of items to be used for the assessment of litter on the Beach, Water Column, Seafloor and Biota, including a special section on Microparticles

Late Quaternary monsoonal climate and related variations in paleoproductivity and alkenone-derived sea-surface temperatures in the western Arabian Sea.

Records of total organic carbon (TOC) and C37 alkenones were used as indicators for past primary productivity in the western and eastern Arabian Sea. Data from GeoB 3005, an open ocean site in the western Arabian Sea upwelling area, are compared with similar records of GeoB 3007 from the Owen Ridge, Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 723 from the continental margin off Oman and MD 900963 from the eastern Arabian Sea. TOC/C37 alkenone records together with other proxies used to reconstruct upwelling intensity, indicate periods of high productivity in tune with precessional forcing all over the Arabian Sea. Based on their phase-relationship to variations in boreal summer insolation they can be divided into three groups. In the western Arabian Sea the precession-related phasing is different between productivity proxies and those for summer monsoon wind strength and upwelling intensity. TOC and C37 alkenone records from the western Arabian Sea lag the other monsoonal indicators by about 5 kyr, but lead productivity indicators from the eastern Arabian Sea by 3 kyr.17