Near-future CO2 levels impair the olfactory system of a marine fish

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Springer Nature via the DOI in this recordData availability: All raw sequence data are accessible at the NCBI Sequence Read Archive through accession number SRP097118. Water chemistry, behaviour and electrophysiology data are available through Pangaea (https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.884674).Survival of marine fishes that are exposed to elevated near-future CO2levels is threatened by their altered responses to sensory cues. Here we demonstrate a physiological and molecular mechanism in the olfactory system that helps to explain altered behaviour under elevated CO2. We combine electrophysiology measurements and transcriptomics with behavioural experiments to investigate how elevated CO2affects the olfactory system of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). When exposed to elevated CO2(approximately 1,000 µatm), fish must be up to 42% closer to an odour source for detection, compared with current CO2levels (around 400 µatm), decreasing their chances of detecting food or predators. Compromised olfaction correlated with the suppression of the transcription of genes involved in synaptic strength, cell excitability and wiring of the olfactory system in response to sustained exposure to elevated CO2levels. Our findings complement the previously proposed impairment of γ-aminobutyric acid receptors, and indicate that both the olfactory system and central brain function are compromised by elevated CO2levels.This study was supported by grants from Association of European Marine Biology Laboratories (227799), the Natural Environment Research Council (R.W.W.; NE/H017402/1), the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (R.W.W.; BB/D005108/1), Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (Portuguese Science Ministry) (UID/Multi/04326/2013) and a Royal Society Newton International Fellowship to C.S.P. C.S.P. is also a beneficiary of a Starting Grant from AXA

Medication misuse and abuse: duties and responsibilities of dispensing pharmacists.

International audienceMisuse of medications can have major consequences for the consumer or patient's health. In the case of a drug delivered only on medical prescription, the misuse usually results from an error or negligence on the part of the prescribing doctor and/or the pharmacist dispensing the medication. But whereas, under French Law, doctors are regularly prosecuted for their irresponsibility, pharmacists frequently avoid any legal charges. This is even more surprising in view of the fact that French Legislation controls the practice of pharmacy very strictly. The authors discuss four cases that illustrate this issue and present a study of comparative pharmaceutical law requirements

Monitoring and feeding integration of demand feeder systems

This chapter highlights the findings of the developmental monitoring systems for swimming pattern or motion analysis with regard to feeding behaviour. A benchmark for examining the framework on how scientists control fish in animal variable function factors was gathered and referred to gauge the adequate design in constructing a viable device. The validation of image processing and automated demand feeder to determine the results will also be considered, as a validation aspect between the system of tracking and the behaviour of the Lates calcarifer where the pixel intensity will be extracted as the features. The results of this chapter will enable the reader on the development of an integrated feeder scheme that consolidates surveillance scheme to identify the feeding behaviour and relation towards the specific growth rate (SGR)