16 research outputs found

    Aïda Kanafani-Zahar, Le Mouton et le mûrier. Rituel du sacrifice dans la montagne libanaise

    Get PDF
    Dans cet ouvrage, Aïda Kanafani-Zahar nous présente une pratique traditionnelle des villageois musulmans et chrétiens de la montagne libanaise, à savoir le gavage du mouton en vue de la préparation d’une sorte de confit (awarma). Cette forte stimulation de la tendance naturelle à l’engraissement du mouton à queue grasse du Proche-Orient n’est plus pratiquée depuis un demi siècle environ. Trois thèmes sous-tendent un exposé particulièrement riche en données zootechniques et en références histo..

    Rapport sur les travaux de prospection et de sondage dans la région de Terqa en 2006

    No full text
    Le projet de prospections et de sondages dans la région de Terqa (fig. 1), dirigé par O. Rouault et Y. al Showan, responsable de la direction du service des Antiquités dans la région de Deir-ez-Zor, s’est déroulé cette année selon deux axes complémentaires. En premier lieu, l’étude du tell de Marwaniye, qui avait donné des résultats importants et nouveaux dès l’année dernière, a été continuée pour avoir une idée complète de la chronostratigraphie du site, avec l’aide de Sophie Berthier pour l..

    Three founding ancestral genomes involved in the origin of sugarcane

    Get PDF
    International audienceAbstract Background and Aims Modern sugarcane cultivars (Saccharum spp.) are high polyploids, aneuploids (2n = ~12x = ~120) derived from interspecific hybridizations between the domesticated sweet species Saccharum officinarum and the wild species S. spontaneum. Methods To analyse the architecture and origin of such a complex genome, we analysed the sequences of all 12 hom(oe)ologous haplotypes (BAC clones) from two distinct genomic regions of a typical modern cultivar, as well as the corresponding sequence in Miscanthus sinense and Sorghum bicolor, and monitored their distribution among representatives of the Saccharum genus. Key Results The diversity observed among haplotypes suggested the existence of three founding genomes (A, B, C) in modern cultivars, which diverged between 0.8 and 1.3 Mya. Two genomes (A, B) were contributed by S. officinarum; these were also found in its wild presumed ancestor S. robustum, and one genome (C) was contributed by S. spontaneum. These results suggest that S. officinarum and S. robustum are derived from interspecific hybridization between two unknown ancestors (A and B genomes). The A genome contributed most haplotypes (nine or ten) while the B and C genomes contributed one or two haplotypes in the regions analysed of this typical modern cultivar. Interspecific hybridizations likely involved accessions or gametes with distinct ploidy levels and/or were followed by a series of backcrosses with the A genome. The three founding genomes were found in all S. barberi, S. sinense and modern cultivars analysed. None of the analysed accessions contained only the A genome or the B genome, suggesting that representatives of these founding genomes remain to be discovered. Conclusions This evolutionary model, which combines interspecificity and high polyploidy, can explain the variable chromosome pairing affinity observed in Saccharum. It represents a major revision of the understanding of Saccharum diversity

    Crop Domestication in the Asia Pacific Region: A review

    No full text
    Understanding crop domestication provides a basis for ongoing genetic improvement of crops, especially in the utilization of wild crop relatives as a source of new variation and may guide the domestication of new crops. The Asia Pacific region is home to most of the world’s human population and is a region in which many important crops were domesticated. Here we review the domestication of banana, citrus, coconut, macadamia, mango, millet, mungbean, rice, sugarcane and taro in the Asia Pacific region. These examples illustrate the importance of this region in the development of agriculture. The challenges of conservation of the genetic resources for these crops are exacerbated by the large human population and rapid economic development in the region. Advances in genetic technologies provide an opportunity for accelerated genetic improvement of these crops and the domestication of new crops

    Akh Purattim 3

    No full text
    Akk Purattim, ou « les rives de l'Eupkrate », est une des expressions utilisées au xviiie siècle av. J.-C. pour désigner le royaume de Mari, qui s'étendait de la confluence du Khabour au verrou de Baghouz, actuellement à la frontière syro-irakienne. La série ainsi dénommée, précisée par son sous-titre « Mémoires d'archéologie et d'histoire régionales interdisciplinaires », est destinée à devenir le point de rencontre des recherches historiques, archéologiques, épigraphiques ou archéométriques sur la région, en faisant en priorité appel aux travaux engagés par les diverses missions, françaises (comme Mari et Terqa) et étrangères, en particulier pour la publication de leurs rapports préliminaires. Mais le titre peut également être pris dans une acception géographique beaucoup plus vaste et héberger des études qui s'intéressent le plus largement possible au rôle de cette confluence dans le jeu syro-mésopotamien tout au long de l'Antiquité.Akh Purattim, or "the banks of the Euphrates", is one of the expressions used m the 18th century BC to designate the kingdom of Mari, which extended from the confluence of the Khabur to the glacial cross cliff of Baghuz, today the Syrian-Iraqi border. The series thus named, defined by its subtitle "Mémoires d'archéologie et d'histoire régionales interdisciplinaires", is intended to become the meeting point for historical, archaeological, epi'graphic and archaeometric research on. the region, with priority given to the work conducted by the various missions, French (Man, Terqa for instance) as well as foreign, in particular the publication of their preliminary reports. But the title can. also include a larger geographic area and cover studies which are concerned as widely as possible with the role of this confluence in Syro-Mesopotamian history throughout Antiquity
    corecore