Contextuality and the fundamental theorems of quantum mechanics

Contextuality is a key feature of quantum mechanics, as was first brought to light by Bohr and later realised more technically by Kochen and Specker. Isham and Butterfield put contextuality at the heart of their topos-based formalism and gave a reformulation of the Kochen-Specker theorem in the language of presheaves. Here, we broaden this perspective considerably (partly drawing on existing, but scattered results) and show that apart from the Kochen-Specker theorem, also Wigner's theorem, Gleason's theorem, and Bell's theorem relate fundamentally to contextuality. We provide reformulations of the theorems using the language of presheaves over contexts and give general versions valid for von Neumann algebras. This shows that a very substantial part of the structure of quantum theory is encoded by contextuality.Comment: v2: minor revisions, added definition of Bell presheaf, adjustment of Bell's theorem in contextual for

Amphiphysine in der Clathrin-vermittelten Endocytose : Untersuchungen zur Phosphorylierung und Membrandeformation

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Accurate Antenna Pattern Modelling for Spaceborne Active Phased Array Antennas

The paper describes the calibration and monitoring of the TerraSAR-X phased array antenna

Evaluating an Approach for mapping FHIR Profiles to Research Protocols

Observational studies and clinical trials have become increasingly important over recent years and play an essential role in advancing medical knowledge. In today’s world of clinical research, it is not possible to imagine trials without the founda-tion of a well-established it-infrastructure. Electronic capture and usage of data is pervasive. In practice, medical progress requires the ability to integrate data from different systems. An essential factor in enabling different actors, such as institutions and hospitals, to have their systems exchange structured data and make use of the information is the interoperability of the data and systems. FHIR (Fast Healthcare Interoperable Resources) is a free and easily customizable HL7 platform standard, based on 30 years of experience of HL7. It is focused on providing health-related information and defines a set of capabilities used in the health care process. This thesis will provide a conceptual approach for working with FHIR, as well as concrete approaches for working with FHIR profiles and for customizing the standard for particular use cases. It will be carried out in cooperation with the Medical Systems R&D, which is a service provider within the University Hospital of Cologne. The guiding request approach will focus on the evaluation of requirements for clini-cal trials and how clinical research protocols can be represented in an interoperable and machine-parsable format using FHIR

Reconstrucción digital de estructuras de tejados históricos: desarrollo de un flujo de trabajo de análisis altamente automatizado

[EN] Planning on adaptive reuse, maintenance and restoration of historic timber structuresrequiresextensive architectural and structural analysis of the actual condition. Current methods for a modellingof roof constructions consist of several manual steps including the time-consuming dimensional modelling. The continuous development of terrestrial laser scanners increases the accuracy, comfort and speed of the surveying work inroof constructions. Resultingpoint clouds enabledetailed visualisation of theconstructionsrepresented by single points or polygonal meshes, but in fact donot containinformation about the structural system and the beam elements. The developed workflow containsseveral processing steps on the point cloud dataset. The most important among them arethenormal vector computation, the segmentation of points to extract planarfaces, a classification of planarsegmentsto detect the beam side facesand finally theparametric modelling of the beams on the basis of classified segments. Thisenablesa highly automated transitionfrom raw point cloud data to a geometric model containing beams of the structural system. The geometric model,as well as additional information about the structural properties of involved wooden beams and their joints,is necessaryinput for a furtherstructural modellingof timber constructions. The results of the workflow confirm that the proposed methods work well for beams with a rectangularcross-section and minor deformations. Scan shadows and occlusionof beamsby additional installationsor interlockingbeamsdecreases the modelling performance, but in generala high level ofaccuracy and completeness isachieved ata high degree of automation.[ES] Las estructuras históricas de madera requieren un análisis arquitectónico y estructural exhaustivo de su condición real en aras de planificar la reutilización flexible, el mantenimiento y la restauración. Los métodos actuales que modelan las construcciones de cubiertas pasan por aplicar varias etapas en modo manual, que incluye el lento modelado dimensional. El desarrollo continuo de escáneres láser terrestres aumenta la exactitud, la comodidad y la velocidad del trabajo topográfico en construcciones de tejados. Las nubes de puntos resultantes permiten la visualización detallada de las construcciones representadas por puntos o mallas poligonales, pero de hecho no contienen información sobre el sistema estructural y los elementos del travesaño. El flujo de trabajo desarrollado contiene varias etapas de procesamiento en el conjunto de datos de la nube de puntos. Los más importantes son el cálculo del vector normal, la segmentación de puntos que extraen caras planas, la clasificación de segmentos planos que detectan las caras laterales del travesaño y, finalmente, el modelado paramétrico de los travesaños en función de los segmentos clasificados. Esto permite una transición altamente automatizada de los datos de la nube de puntos brutos a un modelo geométrico que contiene los travesaños del sistema estructural. El modelo geométrico, así como la información adicional sobre las propiedades estructurales de las vigas de madera involucradas y de sus juntas, es información necesaria de entrada para el modelado estructural eventual de las construcciones de madera. Los resultados del flujo de trabajo confirman que los métodos propuestos funcionan bien en travesaños que presentan secciones transversales rectangulares y deformaciones menores. Las sombras en los escaneados y las oclusiones de los travesaños a partir de instalaciones adicionales o vigas entrelazados disminuye el rendimiento del modelado, pero en general se logra un nivel de exactitud e integridad elevado con un alto grado de automatización.Pöchtrager, M.; Styhler-Aydın, G.; Döring-Williams, M.; Pfeifer, N. (2018). Digital reconstruction of historic roof structures: developing a workflow for a highly automated analysis. Virtual Archaeology Review. 9(19):21-33. doi:10.4995/var.2018.8855SWORD2133919Attene, M., & Spagnuolo, M. (2000). Automatic surface reconstruction from point sets in space. Computer Graphics Forum, 19(3), 457-465. doi:10.1111/1467-8659.00438Baik, A., Yaagoubi, R., & Boehm, J. (2015). Integration of Jeddah historical BIM and 3D GIS for documentation and restoration of historical monument. The International Archives of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, XL-5/W7, 29-34. doi:10.5194/isprsarchives-XL-5-W7-29-2015Bassier, M., Hadjidemetriou, G., Vergauwen, M., Van Roy, N., & Verstrynge, E. (2016). Implementation of Scan-to-BIM and FEM for the Documentation and Analysis of Heritage Timber Roof Structures. In M. Ioannides, E. Fink, A. Moropoulou, M. Hagedorn-Saupe, A. Fresa, G. Liestøl, . . . P. Grussenmeyer (Ed.), Digital Heritage. Progress in Cultural Heritage: Documentation, Preservation, and Protection. EuroMed 2016 (pp. 79-90). Springer, Cham. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-48496-9_7Besl, P., & McKay, N. (1992). A method for registration of 3D Shapes. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 14, 239-254. doi:10.1109/34.121791Chida, A., & Masuda, H. (2016). Reconstruction of polygonal prisms from point-clouds of engineering facilities. Journal of Computational Design and Engineering, 3(4), 322-329. doi:10.1016/j.jcde.2016.05.003Dore, C., & Murphy, M. (2017). Current state of the art historic building information modelling. International Archives of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, XLII-2/W5, 185-192. doi:10.5194/isprsarchives-XLII-2-W5-185-2017Dorninger, P., Nothegger, C., & Rasztovits, S. (2013). Efficient 3-D documentation of Neptune fountain in the park of Schönbrunn palace at millimeter scale. Proceedings XXIV International CIPA Symposium, ISPRS Annals, II, 5/W1, 103-108. doi:10.5194/isprsannals-II-5-W1-103-2013Eßer, G., Styhler-Aydın, G., & Hochreiner, G. (2016a). Construction history and structural assessment of historic roofs - An interdisciplinary approach. In K. Van Balen, & E. Verstrynge (Eds.), Structural analysis of historical constructions. Anamnesis, diagnosis, therapy, controls (pp. 790-795). London, GB.Eßer, G., Styhler-Aydın, G., & Hochreiner, G. (2016b). The historic roof structures of the Vienna Hofburg: An innovative interdisciplinary approach in architectural sciences laying ground for structural modeling. In J. Eberhardsteiner, W. Winter, A. Fadai, & M. Pöll (Eds.), WCTE 2016. World conference on timber engineering (pp. 3039-3047). Wien, Austria.Fischler, M., & Bolles, R. (1981). Random sample consensus: a paradigm for model fitting with applications to image analysis and automated cartography. Communications of the ACM, 24(6), 381-395. doi:10.1145/358669.358692Glira, P., Pfeifer, N., Briese, C., & Ressl, C. (2015). A Correspondence Framework for ALS Strip Adjustments based on Variants of the ICP Algorithm. Photogrammetrie, Fernerkundung, Geoinformation, 4, 275-289. doi:10.1127/pfg/2015/0270Hochreiner, G., Eßer, G., & Styhler-Aydın, G. (2016). Modern timber engineering methods in the context of historical timber structures. In J. Eberhardsteiner, W. Winter, A. Fadai, & M. Pöll (Eds.), WCTE 2016. World conference on timber engineering (pp. 4830-4838). Wien, Austria.Hoppe, H., DeRose, T., Duchamp, T., McDonald, J., & Stuetzle, W. (1992). Surface reconstruction from unorganized points. SIGGRAPH '92 Proceedings of the 19th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques. ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, 26(2), 71-78. doi:10.1145/142920.134011International Organization for Standardization. (2016). Industrial automation systems and integration -- Product data representation and exchange -- Part 21: Implementation methods: Clear text encoding of the exchange Structure. ISO/DIS Standard No. 10303-21. Retrieved from https://www.iso.org/standard/63141.html.Jung, J., Hong, S., Jeong, S., Kim, S., Cho, H., Hong, S., & Heo, J. (2014). Productive modeling for development of asbuilt BIM of existing indoor structures. Automation in Construction, 42, 68-77. doi:10.1016/j.autcon.2014.02.021Kazhdan, M., Bolitho, M., & Hoppe, H. (2006). Poisson surface reconstruction. Symposium on Geometry Processing (pp. 61-70). The Eurographics Association. doi:10.2312/SGP/SGP06/061-070Lee, J., Son, H., Kim, C., & Kim, C. (2013). Skeleton-based 3-D reconstruction of as-built pipelines from laser-scan data. Automation in Reconstruction, 35, 199-207. doi:10.1061/9780784412343.0031Li, W., Goodchild, M., & Church, R. (2013). An efficient measure of compactness for two-dimensional shapes and its application in regionalization problems. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 1227-1250. doi:10.1080/13658816.2012.752093Nothegger, C., & Dorninger, P. (2009). 3D filtering of high-resolution terrestrial laser scanner point clouds for cultural heritage documentation. Photogrammetrie, Fernerkundung, Geoinformation, 1, 53-63. doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2009/0006Pfeifer, N., & Winterhalder, D. (2004). Modelling of tree cross sections from terrestrial laser scanning data with free-form curves. International Archives of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 36(8/W2), 76-81.Pfeifer, N., Mandlburger, G., Otepka, J., & Karel, W. (2014). OPALS - A framework for Airborne Laser Scanning data analysis. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 45, 125-136. doi:10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2013.11.002Pöchtrager, M., Styhler-Aydın, G., Döring-Williams, M., & Pfeifer, N. (2017). Automated Reconstruction of Historic Roof Structures from Point Clouds - Development and Examples. ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, IV-2-W2, 195-202. doi:10.5194/isprs-annals-IV-2-W2-195-2017Rabbani, T., Dijkman, S., Van den Heuvel, F., & Vosselman, G. (2007). An integrated approach for modelling and global registration of point clouds. 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Caithness, UK: Whittles Publishing.Wang, D., Hollaus, M., Puttonen, E., & Pfeifer, N. (2016). Automatic and self-adaptive stem reconstruction in landslide-affected forests. Remote Sensing, 8(12), p. 974. doi:10.3390/rs8120974Wang, D., Kankare, V., Puttonen, E., Hollaus, M., & Pfeifer, N. (2016). Reconstructing stem cross section shapes from terrestrial laser scanning. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 14(2), 272-276. doi:10.1109/LGRS.2016.2638738Xiong, X., Adan, A., Akinci, B., & Huber, D. (2013). Automatic creation of semantically rich 3D building models from laser scanner data. Automation in Construction, 31, S. 325-337. doi:10.1016/j.autcon.2012.10.006Yang, X., Koehl, M., & Grussenmeyer, P. (2017). Parametric modelling of as-built beam framed structure in BIM environment. International Archives of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, XLII-2/W3, 651-657. doi:10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-W3-651-2017Zhang, R., & Zakhor, A. (2014). 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Особенности формирования микроструктуры и механических свойств объемных изделий титанового сплава ВТ6, полученных методом электронно-лучевого сплавления

В работе рассматривается влияние режимов печати методом электронно-лучевого сплавления на структуру и механические свойства напечатанных образцов титанового сплава ВТ6. Разработана техника изготовления деталей прямолинейной формы, представляющих собой вертикальную стенку. В процессе исследования были получены объемные изделия титанового сплава ВТ6, исследована их структура и механические свойства.The influence of printing modes by electron beam melting on the structure and mechanical properties of printed samples of a titanium alloy VT6 is considered. A technique has been developed for the production of rectilinear parts, which are a vertical wall. In the process of research, volumetric products of the titanium alloy VT6 were obtained, their structure and mechanical properties were studied

Videoconference fatigue: a conceptual analysis

Videoconferencing (VC) is a type of online meeting that allows two or more participants from different locations to engage in live multi-directional audio-visual communication and collaboration (e.g., via screen sharing). The COVID-19 pandemic has induced a boom in both private and professional videoconferencing in the early 2020s that elicited controversial public and academic debates about its pros and cons. One main concern has been the phenomenon of videoconference fatigue. The aim of this conceptual review article is to contribute to the conceptual clarification of VC fatigue. We use the popular and succinct label “Zoom fatigue” interchangeably with the more generic label “videoconference fatigue” and define it as the experience of fatigue during and/or after a videoconference, regardless of the specific VC system used. We followed a structured eight-phase process of conceptual analysis that led to a conceptual model of VC fatigue with four key causal dimensions: (1) personal factors, (2) organizational factors, (3) technological factors, and (4) environmental factors. We present this 4D model describing the respective dimensions with their sub-dimensions based on theories, available evidence, and media coverage. The 4D-model is meant to help researchers advance empirical research on videoconference fatigue

Investigations of Ratio-Based Integrated Influence Lines as Features for Bridge-Damage Detection

Prestressed concrete bridges built between 1960 and 1990 no longer meet today’s requirements due to loads and increasing mileage of higher loads that have increased since the bridges were designed. Prestressed concrete bridges are representative of Germany’s existing bridges. In order to deal with the large number of ageing bridges, recalculations and measurements for control as well as bridge monitoring are an important means of support. For both, it is important to find features that are damage-sensitive as well as robust against measurement noise, vehicle parameters (dynamics, geometry, weight, etc.) and environmental influences (temperature, wind, etc.). In this paper, we present features for damage detection based on the influence line, which are investigated with respect to the above requirements by using the analytical solution of the Euler–Bernoulli beam and more complex numerical bridge simulations. In this context, we restrict ourselves to the damage caused by bending stress. The features are calculated on the basis of single vehicle crossings over the bridge for the strain in the longitudinal direction as well as for the deflection of the bridge at different sensor positions. The ratio-based features are compared with raw data and natural frequencies in a classification. Additionally, the sensor positioning is considered. The investigations shows that the ratio-based integrated influence lines are equivalent to or better than the modal parameters, especially when noise and temperature changes are taken into account

Quasi 2D electronic states with high spin-polarization in centrosymmetric MoS2_2 bulk crystals

Time reversal dictates that nonmagnetic, centrosymmetric crystals cannot be spin-polarized as a whole. However, it has been recently shown that the electronic structure in these crystals can in fact show regions of high spin-polarization, as long as it is probed locally in real and in reciprocal space. In this article we present the first observation of this type of compensated polarization in MoS$_2$ bulk crystals. Using spin- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) we directly observed a spin-polarization of more than 65% for distinct valleys in the electronic band structure. By additionally evaluating the probing depth of our method we find that these valence band states at the $\overline{\text{K}}$ point in the Brillouin zone are close to fully polarized for the individual atomic trilayers of MoS$_2$, which is confirmed by our density functional theory calculations. Furthermore, we show that this spin-layer locking leads to the observation of highly spin-polarized bands in ARPES since these states are almost completely confined within two dimensions. Our findings prove that these highly desired properties of MoS$_2$ can be accessed without thinning it down to the monolayer limit