LOS OBJETIVOS POR COMPETENCIAS DOCENTES EN EL PLAN DE ESTUDIO E, DE LA CARRERA DE MARXISMO LENINISMO E HISTORIA / THE OBJECTIVES FOR TEACHING COMPETENCES IN THE STUDY PLAN E, OF THE CAREER OF MARXISM LENINISM AND HISTORY

El artículo se fundamenta como resultado del trabajo docente metodológico durante la elaboración del Plan del Proceso docente, del Plan de Estudio E, en la carrera de Marxismo Leninismo e Historia en la concepción curricular para la formación del futuro profesional, sostenido por las bases del currículo y sus presupuestos en la propuesta del nuevo plan de Estudio, se concreta en una análisis teórico del diseño de los objetivos en la carrera por competencias profesionales a partir de resultados científico consultados en este aspecto, se argumentan las ventajas que tiene este tipo de diseño de objetivo y se demuestra que los objetivos generales en la carrera se evidencian en la nueva formulación y se enriquecen con nuevos indicadores, el artículo tiene como finalidad proponer los objetivos por competencias docentes, en la carrera de Marxismo Leninismo e Histori

FORTIS: a Live-Cell Assay to Monitor AMPA Receptors Using pH-Sensitive Fluorescence Tags

The real-time live fluorescent monitoring of surface AMPA receptors (AMPARs) could open new opportunities for drug discovery and phenotypic screening concerning neuropsychiatric disorders. We have developed FORTIS, a tool based on pH sensitivity capable of detecting subtle changes in surface AMPARs at a neuronal population level. The expression of SEP-GluA1 or pHuji-GluA1 recombinant AMPAR subunits in mammalian neurons cultured in 96-well plates enables surface AMPARs to be monitored with a microplate reader. Thus, FORTIS can register rapid changes in surface AMPARs induced by drugs or genetic modifications without having to rely on conventional electrophysiology or imaging. By combining FORTIS with pharmacological manipulations, basal surface AMPARs, and plasticity-like changes can be monitored. We expect that employing FORTIS to screen for changes in surface AMPARs will accelerate both neuroscience research and drug discovery.This study was supported by the following agencies: National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev; Israel Science Foundation (536/19); Spanish Ministry of Science (Europa Excelencia 15/02, SAF2016-78071-R)

Satisfaction and Beliefs on Gender-Based Violence: A Training Program of Mexican Nursing Students Based on Simulated Video Consultations during the COVID-19 Pandemic

The increase in gender-based violence in light of the COVID-19 pandemic is a public health problem that needs to be addressed. Our study aimed to describe the satisfaction with a training program in gender violence victim’s attention through simulated nursing video consultations, analyze the beliefs on gender violence in Mexican undergraduate nursing students, and understand the skills that need to be improved. A descriptive cross-sectional study using a mixed-method was carried out with 27 students using a validated satisfaction questionnaire (quantitative data) and conducting scripted interviews (qualitative data) analyzed through the interpretive paradigm. All nursing students expressed a high overall satisfaction with simulated nursing video consultations and positive perceptions about this training program. From the students’ perceptions, three first-level categories and their related second-level and specific categories emerged: belief and myths, skills to improve, and learning improvements. A training program in gender violence victim’s attention through simulated nursing video consultations, in the middle of a pandemic, was a satisfactory experience for nursing students and beneficial for them, as they gained new knowledge and socioemotional skills. This training program mainly improved the acquisition of communication and emotional management skills for an adequate gender violence victim’s attention

Analysis of the adaptation of online university teaching during the COVID-19 times

Presentamos un estudio que analiza la opinión del estudiantado sobre la adaptación a la docencia online realizada en la Universidad de Córdoba durante la crisis sanitaria de la COVID-19. Lo inesperado de la situación acaecida condujo al uso de distintas y muy variadas estrategias para la virtualización por parte del profesorado. El objetivo de este estudio ha sido analizar distintas cuestiones: la adaptación de la docencia a un formato virtual por parte del profesorado, la valoración de la docencia presencial frente a la virtual, el tipo de docencia recibida (síncrona, asíncrona o una combinación de ambas), al igual que la opinión sobre la misma, y el uso y valoración de las herramientas de videoconferencia y comunicación más utilizadas. Además, hemos realizado un análisis y una comparativa de dichas herramientas de videoconferencia. El estudio se ha realizado a través de la elaboración de una encuesta dirigida al estudiantado. La alta y heterogénea participación obtenida, nos permite obtener una visión muy general de la eficacia y valoración de las distintas aproximaciones, así como algunas conclusiones de interés de cara a la organización futura de la docencia.A study is presented based on the students’ opinion, analyzing the adaptation of the online teaching in the University of Córdoba during the COVID-19 health crisis. As consequence of the sudden crisis, different strategies and tools were used by teachers for the virtualization of the university teaching. The main goals of this study are to analyze: how teaching has been adapted to the online framework by teachers, how this online teaching is evaluated by students when compared to classical on-site teaching, which type of teaching has been mostly used (synchronous, asynchronous or both), how these approaches are valued, and which are the uses and assessment of the most popular video-conference programs. Moreover, an analysis and comparison of video-conferencing software will be presented. In order to carry out this study a survey for students has been drawn up. Thanks to the high and heterogeneous students’ turnout in this study, it is possible to obtain an overview of the efficiency and evaluation of the different approaches used in online teaching. Some relevant conclusions may be drawn for future similar case scenarios

Las estrategias de aprendizaje y el desarrollo de la habilidad de escritura durante el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje del idioma Español como segunda lengua

La enseñanza-aprendizaje de una lengua extranjera es un proceso muy complejo en el que intervienen factores cognitivos, afectivos y sociales que determinan su desarrollo. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo describir la utilización de las estrategias de aprendizaje de escritura y su relación con el desarrollo de esta habilidad durante el proceso de adquisición del idioma español como segunda lengua en un grupo de estudiantes que cursan la preparatoria en la Universidad de Ciego de Ávila, Cuba. Los resultados obtenidos muestran el poco uso de las estrategias de aprendizaje de escritura por parte del estudiantado en la preparatoria, debido, fundamentalmente, al desconocimiento que tiene de las mismas, lo que incide en el bajo nivel de desarrollo de la habilidad de escritura. Este resultado nos lleva a declarar la necesidad de que el profesorado comprenda que el uso de determinadas estrategias es especialmente importante durante el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje ya que constituyen herramientas básicas para el desarrollo de sus competencias

Adaptación al bilingüismo del material docente de prácticas de Zoología

El objetivo principal de este proyecto de innovación docente es la adaptación al bilingüismo, concretamente al inglés, del material de prácticas (presenciales y virtuales) de la asignatura de Zoología del grado de Biología. Este objetivo se enmarca dentro del actual proceso de internacionalización de la UGR, que en el caso concreto del grado de Biología se ha iniciado el curso académico 2021/2022 con algunas asignaturas impartidas en inglés. Aunque el bilingüismo en la asignatura de Zoología se ha retrasado hasta el curso 2022/2023.Universidad de Granad

Familial hypercholesterolaemia in children and adolescents from 48 countries: a cross-sectional study

Background: Approximately 450 000 children are born with familial hypercholesterolaemia worldwide every year, yet only 2·1% of adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia were diagnosed before age 18 years via current diagnostic approaches, which are derived from observations in adults. We aimed to characterise children and adolescents with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HeFH) and understand current approaches to the identification and management of familial hypercholesterolaemia to inform future public health strategies. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, we assessed children and adolescents younger than 18 years with a clinical or genetic diagnosis of HeFH at the time of entry into the Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC) registry between Oct 1, 2015, and Jan 31, 2021. Data in the registry were collected from 55 regional or national registries in 48 countries. Diagnoses relying on self-reported history of familial hypercholesterolaemia and suspected secondary hypercholesterolaemia were excluded from the registry; people with untreated LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) of at least 13·0 mmol/L were excluded from this study. Data were assessed overall and by WHO region, World Bank country income status, age, diagnostic criteria, and index-case status. The main outcome of this study was to assess current identification and management of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia. Findings: Of 63 093 individuals in the FHSC registry, 11 848 (18·8%) were children or adolescents younger than 18 years with HeFH and were included in this study; 5756 (50·2%) of 11 476 included individuals were female and 5720 (49·8%) were male. Sex data were missing for 372 (3·1%) of 11 848 individuals. Median age at registry entry was 9·6 years (IQR 5·8-13·2). 10 099 (89·9%) of 11 235 included individuals had a final genetically confirmed diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolaemia and 1136 (10·1%) had a clinical diagnosis. Genetically confirmed diagnosis data or clinical diagnosis data were missing for 613 (5·2%) of 11 848 individuals. Genetic diagnosis was more common in children and adolescents from high-income countries (9427 [92·4%] of 10 202) than in children and adolescents from non-high-income countries (199 [48·0%] of 415). 3414 (31·6%) of 10 804 children or adolescents were index cases. Familial-hypercholesterolaemia-related physical signs, cardiovascular risk factors, and cardiovascular disease were uncommon, but were more common in non-high-income countries. 7557 (72·4%) of 10 428 included children or adolescents were not taking lipid-lowering medication (LLM) and had a median LDL-C of 5·00 mmol/L (IQR 4·05-6·08). Compared with genetic diagnosis, the use of unadapted clinical criteria intended for use in adults and reliant on more extreme phenotypes could result in 50-75% of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia not being identified. Interpretation: Clinical characteristics observed in adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia are uncommon in children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia, hence detection in this age group relies on measurement of LDL-C and genetic confirmation. Where genetic testing is unavailable, increased availability and use of LDL-C measurements in the first few years of life could help reduce the current gap between prevalence and detection, enabling increased use of combination LLM to reach recommended LDL-C targets early in life

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Incidencia de la mano de obra en el costo de la construcción de módulos de viviendas programa Techo Propio - empresa Tegecon Andina SAC

RESUMEN La presente investigación tiene como objeto analizar la incidencia del costo de la mano de obra en el costo de módulos de viviendas adquiridas del programa Techo Propio. La empresa ejecuta un proyecto de viviendas por etapas para lo cual en su primera etapa ejecuta la construcción de 250 módulos, para lo cual determina un presupuesto fijo para la ejecución por partidas específicas de cada módulo a construir, bajo la proyección presupuestada para pagos por jornales a obreros la empresa realiza el pago de planillas de forma semanal y no tomando en cuenta lo que establece CAPECO y la Federación de Trabajadores en Construcción Civil del Perú. El objetivo general y específicos permiten obtener el contraste con la hipótesis formulada; la identificación, el análisis y la determinación de costos e incidencia del costo por mano de obra para la construcción de los módulos de vivienda. Los resultados nos permiten identificar los procesos a través de la revisión de datos que brinda la empresa; la incidencia de costos en la mano de obra y como se formula la optimización del gasto equiparado al avance físico de obra y ejecución del gasto por pago de jornales en la construcción de los módulos según su tipo, el resultado del estudio se basa sobre ratios de presupuesto proyectado e invertido por la empresa para la habilitación urbana. Seguidamente se determinan los valores de jornales y la comparación de avance de obra a través de propuestas de mejoramiento del proceso constructivo aplicando la filosofía Lean Construction. Los datos obtenidos de la discusión determinan el proceso efectivo de la ejecución de la mano de obra en la producción de cada vivienda concluyendo que la empresa debe aplicar métodos de medición del proceso constructivo que abarque el avance de obra bajo la supervisión de obra; cuyo fin es optimizar los plazos de ejecución de obra de acuerdo a los cronogramas para satisfacción del comprador e incremento de la rentabilidad económica de la empresa.ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to analyze the incidence of the cost of labor in the cost of housing modules acquired from the Techo Propio program. The company executes a housing project by stages for which in its first stage it executes the construction of 250 modules, for which it determines a fixed budget for the execution by specific items of each module to be built, under the budgeted projection for payments for wages to workers, the company makes the payment of payrolls on a weekly basis and does not take into account what is established by CAPECO and the Federation of Civil Construction Workers of Peru. The general and specific objectives allow to obtain the contrast with the formulated hypothesis; the identification, analysis and determination of costs and incidence of labor costs for the construction of housing modules. The results allow us to identify the processes through the review of data provided by the company; the incidence of labor costs and how the optimization of the cost is formulated, equal to the physical progress of the work and execution of the expense for the payment of wages in the construction of the modules according to their type, the result of the study is based on ratios of budget projected and invested by the company for urban empowerment. Then the values of wages and the comparison of work progress are determined through proposals for improvement of the construction process applying the Lean Construction philosophy. The data obtained from the discussion determine the effective process of the execution of the workforce in the production of each dwelling, concluding that the company must apply methods of measuring the construction process that encompasses the progress of work under the supervision of the work; whose purpose is to optimize the construction execution deadlines according to the schedules for the satisfaction of the buyer and increase the economic profitability of the company