Diet of Hyphessobrycon auca (Pisces, characidae) in Iberá Wetland (Northeastern, Argentina)

Hyphessobrycon auca Almirón, Casciotta, Bechara & Ruiz Díaz, 2004, inhabit small lakes located at the northwest of Iberá wetland in Argentina. This research describes sorne aspects of its feeding. Samples were collected from its type locality from 2007 to 2009. Analysis of 70 digestive tracts of individuals ranging from 24 to 56 mm standard length (SL) showed that higher plants, algae, and quironomids larvae dominated the diet in terms of relative volume and occurrence frequency. Therefore, this species was characterized as omnivorous, but there was a growing trend towards herbivory when size class incremed. Smaller size class (< 35 mm SL) fed on higher proportion of animal preys such as quironomids larvae and protozoans, in contrast to larger ones who consumed almost exclusively plants and algae

Land use planning in the Amazon basin: Challenges from resilience thinking

Amazonia is under threat. Biodiversity and redundancy loss in the Amazon biome severely limits the long-term provision of key ecosystem services in diverse spatial scales (local, regional, and global). Resilience thinking attempts to understand the mechanisms that ensure a system’s capacity to recover in the face of external pressures, trauma, or disturbances, as well as changes in its internal dynamics. Resilience thinking also promotes relevant transformations of system configurations considered adverse or nonsustainable, and therefore proposes the simultaneous analysis of the adaptive capacity and the transformation of a system. In this context, seven principles have been proposed, which are considered crucial for social-ecological systems to become resilient. These seven principles of resilience thinking are analyzed in terms of the land use planning and land management of the Amazonian biome. To comprehend its main conflicts, challenges, and opportunities, we reveal the key aspects of the historical process of Latin America’s land management and the Amazon basin’s past and current land use changes. Based on this review, the Amazon region shows two concrete challenges for resilience: (1) the natural system’s fragmentation, as a consequence of land use limiting key ecological processes, and (2) the cultural and institutional fragmentation of land use projects designed and partially implemented in the region. In addition, the region presents challenges related to institutional design, the expansion and strengthening of real participation spaces, and the promotion of social learning. Finally, polycentric and adaptive governance is itself a major, urgent need for this region and its social-ecological complexity.Fil: Ruiz Agudelo, Cesar A.. Universidad de Bogota Jorge Tadeo Lozano (utadeo);Fil: Mazzeo, Nestor. Universidad de la Republica; Uruguay. South American Institute for Resilience and Sustainability Studies; UruguayFil: Díaz, Ismael. Universidad de la Republica; UruguayFil: Barral, María Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Piñeiro, Gervasio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura; ArgentinaFil: Gadino, Isabel. Universidad de la Republica; UruguayFil: Roche, Ingid. Universidad de la Republica; UruguayFil: Acuña Posada, Rocio Juliana. Conservation International Foundation; Colombi

Upregulation of NKG2D ligands impairs hematopoietic stem cell function in Fanconi anemia

Cellular immune response; Immunology; Stem cellsRespuesta inmune celular; Inmunología; Células madreResposta immune cel·lular; Immunologia; Cèl·lules mareFanconi anemia (FA) is the most prevalent inherited bone marrow failure (BMF) syndrome. Nevertheless, the pathophysiological mechanisms of BMF in FA have not been fully elucidated. Since FA cells are defective in DNA repair, we hypothesized that FA hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) might express DNA damage–associated stress molecules such as natural killer group 2 member D ligands (NKG2D-Ls). These ligands could then interact with the activating NKG2D receptor expressed in cytotoxic NK or CD8+ T cells, which may result in progressive HSPC depletion. Our results indeed demonstrated upregulated levels of NKG2D-Ls in cultured FA fibroblasts and T cells, and these levels were further exacerbated by mitomycin C or formaldehyde. Notably, a high proportion of BM CD34+ HSPCs from patients with FA also expressed increased levels of NKG2D-Ls, which correlated inversely with the percentage of CD34+ cells in BM. Remarkably, the reduced clonogenic potential characteristic of FA HSPCs was improved by blocking NKG2D–NKG2D-L interactions. Moreover, the in vivo blockage of these interactions in a BMF FA mouse model ameliorated the anemia in these animals. Our study demonstrates the involvement of NKG2D–NKG2D-L interactions in FA HSPC functionality, suggesting an unexpected role of the immune system in the progressive BMF that is characteristic of FA.This work was supported by the “Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación y Competitividad y Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER)” (SAF2015-68073-R, SAF2015-64152-R, and RTI2018-097125-B-I00); Next Generation EU; Plan de Recuperación Transformación y Resilencia (Instituto de Salud Carlos III; TERAV) (RD12/0019/0023); Programs of the European Commission (HEALTHF5-2012-305421 and EUROFANCOLEN); the “Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad” (EC11/060 and EC11/550 “Comunidad de Madrid” (AvanCell, B2017/BMD-3692); and the ICREA-Academia program

Myocarditis in Paediatrics

La miocarditis es una enfermedad inflamatoria del músculo cardiaco no asociada a anormalidades valvulares y en ausencia de enfermedad isquémica. Su prevalencia e incidencia se desconocen, ya que se presenta de manera subaguda o con síntomas iniciales inespecíficos. Su fisiopatología consta de tres fases: aguda (< 3 días---da˜no miocárdico mediado por acción directa del virus), subaguda (4-14 días---el da˜no miocárdico resulta de una disregulación de la respuesta autoinmune del huésped) y crónica (> 15 días---aclaramiento viral insuficiente y perpetuación del proceso inflamatorio, que conduce a remodelamiento cardiaco y falla cardiaca). Como agente etiológico más frecuente se describe el Parvovirus B19 y el herpes virus humano 6. Entre las manifestaciones clínicas: dolor torácico, arritmias, en lactantes (letargo, taquipnea, dificultad respiratoria leve, etc.), puede iniciar con pródromo viral, disfunción ventricular o muerte súbita. Tiene cuatro posibles presentaciones clínicas: asintomático, miocarditis aguda, fulminante o miocardiopatía crónica dilatada. El electrocardiograma detecta anormalidades entre el 93 al 100%; la resonancia magnética nuclear cardiovascular con gadolinio es de mayor uso, principalmente en la biopsia endomiocárdica. El tratamiento se basa en la monitorización hemodinámica del paciente, la evaluación de la necesidad de diuréticos, inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina, betabloqueadores no selectivos, soporte inotrópico, antiarrítmicos o, en casos severos, el requerimiento de soporte mecánico cardiovascular.Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the heart muscle unrelated to valvularabnormalities and ischaemic disease. The prevalence and incidence are unknown since it is pre-sented sub-acutely or with non-specific initial symptoms. Its pathophysiology consists of threephases: acute 15 days - insufficient viral clearance and perpetuation of the inflammatory process,which leads to cardiac remodelling and heart failure). Parvovirus B19 and human herpesvirus 6have been described as the most common aetiological agents. The clinical signs include, chestpain, arrhythmias, and in infants (lethargy, tachypnoea, mild shortness of breath, etc.) It canstart with a viral prodrome, ventricular dysfunction, or sudden death. There are four possibi-lities of clinical presentation: asymptomatic, acute myocarditis, fulminant or dilated chroniccardiomyopathy. The electrocardiogram detects between 93%-100% of abnormalities. Cardiovas-cular nuclear magnetic resonance with gadolinium is the most used, mainly in endomyocardialbiopsy. Treatment is based on the haemodynamic monitoring of the patient, the evaluation ofthe need for diuretics, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, non-selective beta-blockers,inotropic support, anti-arrhythmic drugs or, in severe cases, and the need for mechanical cardio-vascular support. The use of immunoglobulin has been evaluated, and there is controversy overthe use of immunosuppressives and antivirals. The prognosis is variable and depends on factorsinherent to the environment and the host. An updated review of the literature is presented

An expert consensus report on the clinical use of the Vycross® hyaluronic acid VYC-25 L filler.

Background: The portfolio of hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers and the techniques of administration have evolved in recent years. The latest innovation in the Vycross® range was the introduction of VYC-25L (Juvéderm Volux®; Allergan plc), a first-in- class filler effective for chin and facial lower third remodeling. The aim here was to provide clinicians who are starting to use VYC-25L with key advice, and to standardize procedures so that optimal and predictable outcomes can be obtained. Methods: A multidisciplinary group of experts in esthetic medicine from Spain and Portugal reviewed the properties, treatment paradigms, administration techniques, and potential complications of VYC-25L, on the basis of which they drafted consensus recommendations for its clinical use. Results: The consensus panel provided specific recommendations focusing on the patient profile, dose, administration techniques, and the complications of VYC-25L and their management. The panel identified five different profiles of patients who may benefit from VYC-25L, and they drafted recommendations aimed to facilitate the treatment of these patients, namely, microgenia (women/men), masculinization (men), rejuvenation (women/men), facial laxity (women/men), and submental convexity (women/men). In terms of their safety, no specific recommendations were made beyond those established for other HA fillers. Conclusions: The evolution of esthetic medicine makes it necessary to update the clinical recommendations that guide patient assessment and treatment with the new HA fillers developed. The current consensus document addresses relevant issues related to the use of VYC-25L on different types of patient, in an attempt to standardize procedures and help specialists obtain predictable results.post-print806 K

Cofradías de Arica y Tarapacá en los siglos XVIII y XIX. Indígenas andinos, sistema de cargos religiosos y festividades

Andean peoples expressed popular piety in several ways. Among them, the brotherhoods stand out as an institution inherited from colonial rule which was of great importance in the ritual congregation of the indigenous population, the construction of popular faith and the emergence of a ritual that incorporated elements of Roman Catholic liturgy, catechesis and local practices (ceremonies, dances, masks, costumes, musical instruments, melodies, etc.). This type of mutual aid religious institution, governed by a system of rotating positions, was comprised mainly of lay people who, on the basis of spirituality, the protection of a patron saint or Marian devotion, sought to promote charity and care for their members (brothers).Las poblaciones andinas expresaron de diversas formas la religiosidad popular. Entre ellas, las cofradías destacan por ser una institución heredada del régimen colonial que gravitó la congregación ritual de los indígenas, la construcción de una fe popular y el surgimiento de una ritualidad que integró los elementos de la liturgia catequética romana, así como prácticas locales (ceremonias, danzas, máscaras, vestimentas, instrumentos musicales, melodías, etc.). Este tipo de institución religiosa de socorro mutuo, regida por un sistema de cargos rotativos, estaba integrada preferentemente por laicos quienes sobre la base de la espiritualidad, la protección de un santo patrón o la advocación mariana, buscaban la promoción benéfica y asistencial para los cofrades (hermanos)

Microbial colonization and resistome dynamics in food processing environments of a newly opened pork cutting industry during 1.5 years of activity

Artículo versión publicadaBackground: The microorganisms that inhabit food processing environments (FPE) can strongly influence the associated food quality and safety. In particular, the possibility that FPE may act as a reservoir of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, and a hotspot for the transmission of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is a concern in meat processing plants. Here, we monitor microbial succession and resistome dynamics relating to FPE through a detailed analysis of a newly opened pork cutting plant over 1.5 years of activity. Results: We identified a relatively restricted principal microbiota dominated by Pseudomonas during the first 2 months, while a higher taxonomic diversity, an increased representation of other taxa (e.g., Acinetobacter, Psychrobacter), and a certain degree of microbiome specialization on different surfaces was recorded later on. An increase in total abundance, alpha diversity, and β-dispersion of ARGs, which were predominantly assigned to Acinetobacter and associated with resistance to certain antimicrobials frequently used on pig farms of the region, was detected over time. Moreover, a sharp increase in the occurrence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase- producing Enterobacteriaceae and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcaceae was observed when cutting activities started. ARGs associated with resistance to β-lactams, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, and sulphonamides frequently co-occurred, and mobile genetic elements (i.e., plasmids, integrons) and lateral gene transfer events were mainly detected at the later sampling times in drains. Conclusions: The observations made suggest that pig carcasses were a source of resistant bacteria that then colonized FPE and that drains, together with some food-contact surfaces, such as equipment and table surfaces, represented a reservoir for the spread of ARGs in the meat processing facility.S