Identidad y diversidad en el conocimiento del medio natural, social y cultural en la educación infantil y primaria

El actual proceso de globalización de la sociedad ha supuesto, entre otros aspectos, la llegada de fuertes corrientes migratorias y la presencia en la escuela de niños y niñas de todo el mundo. Esta realidad implica una nueva orientación del currículo de conocimiento del medio que posibilite la comprensión de la diversidad y la pluriidentidad presente en todas las aulas de las escuelas de Cataluña y así conseguir educar para una nueva ciudadanía. Este artículo presenta los resultados de un proceso de investigación-acción que ha tenido como objetivo la innovación curricular en el conocimiento del medio natural, social y cultural en seis centros de educación infantil y primaria de las comarcas gerundenses. Se pretende describir y explicar una innovación o cambio curricular fundamentado teóricamente, del que se ha derivado una nueva forma de trabajo en el aula; y mostrar el proceso metodológico de elaboración e implementación con las resistencias y los cambios reales en el currículoThe current process of the globalisation of society has caused, among others, strong migration flows and the presence in the schools of children and girls from all over the world. This reality implies a new orientation of the curriculum of «knowledge of the environment», so as to allow an understanding of the diversity present in all Catalan classrooms, and thus to achieve the goal of training for a new type of citizenship. The communication presents the results of a research-action process, the goal of which has been the introduction of the critical perspective and of «citizenship training» in six Girona children and primary education centres. It is intended to describe and to explain theoretically-based innovation or curricular change, from which a new form of working in the classroom has derived. Furthermore, it intends to show the process of elaboration, implementation, resistances and real changes in the curriculum at the methodological leve

Functional assembly of grassland plant species in native communities in Spain and recipient communities in California

[EN] A major aim in invasion ecology is to understand the role of exotic species in plant communities. Whereas most studies have explored the traits of exotic species in the context of the introduced community, functional comparisons of entire assemblages of species in their native and introduced communities have rarely been analysed. Taking advantage of the unidirectional invasion of plant species of European origin (i.e. colonizers) into California, this study aims to investigate the relative importance of plant traits, environmental factors and invasion status in biological invasions. We compared the functional structure (i.e. trait composition and diversity) along resource availability gradients in recipient and native Mediterranean grassland communities in California and Spain, respectively. Traits were related to resource use in above-ground and below-ground organs and reproductive strategy. We also investigated how niche differences vary along environmental gradients between coexisting colonizer and native species assemblages within communities. There were clear differences in the functional structure of Mediterranean grassland communities between regions, which were associated with the resource availability gradient. Paradoxically, the most acquisitive communities occurred in resource-poor sites, highlighting that rapid acquisition and use of resources permit species to cope with environmental stress through stress avoidance. In Spain, colonizer species had greater specific leaf area than non-colonizers. Yet, differences between colonizer and non-colonizer species in Spain for other traits were mostly absent and did not change along the gradient. This might be a result of the greater native species richness as a consequence of the agricultural practices that have taken place in Europe for millennia and reflect that the entire species pool of grasslands is adapted to agricultural landscapes. In comparison, in California, colonizer species were more acquisitive in their use of resources than natives under favourable conditions, but functionally converged in resource-limited sites. Synthesis. These results underscore that the importance of niche differences between native and colonizer species as a community assembly mechanism is strongly subjected to the influence of habitat filtering. Trait comparisons are context dependent, and a correct interpretation of filtering processes in community assembly requires a regional perspective.S

Identidad y diversidad en el conocimiento del medio natural, social y cultural en la educación infantil y primaria

El actual proceso de globalización de la sociedad ha supuesto, entre otros aspectos, la llegada de fuertes corrientes migratorias y la presencia en la escuela de niños y niñas de todo el mundo. Esta realidad implica una nueva orientación del currículo de conocimiento del medio que posibilite la comprensión de la diversidad y la pluriidentidad presente en todas las aulas de las escuelas de Cataluña y así conseguir educar para una nueva ciudadanía. Este artículo presenta los resultados de un proceso de investigación-acción que ha tenido como objetivo la innovación curricular en el conocimiento del medio natural, social y cultural en seis centros de educación infantil y primaria de las comarcas gerundenses. Se pretende describir y explicar una innovación o cambio curricular fundamentado teóricamente, del que se ha derivado una nueva forma de trabajo en el aula; y mostrar el proceso metodológico de elaboración e implementación con las resistencias y los cambios reales en el currículo.The current process of the globalisation of society has caused, among others, strong migration flows and the presence in the schools of children and girls from all over the world. This reality implies a new orientation of the curriculum of «knowledge of the environment», so as to allow an understanding of the diversity present in all Catalan classrooms, and thus to achieve the goal of training for a new type of citizenship. The communication presents the results of a research-action process, the goal of which has been the introduction of the critical perspective and of «citizenship training» in six Girona children and primary education centres. It is intended to describe and to explain theoretically-based innovation or curricular change, from which a new form of working in the classroom has derived. Furthermore, it intends to show the process of elaboration, implementation, resistances and real changes in the curriculum at the methodological level.El actual proceso de globalización de la sociedad ha supuesto, entre otros aspectos, la llegada de fuertes corrientes migratorias y la presencia en la escuela de niños y niñas de todo el mundo. Esta realidad implica una nueva orientación del currículo de conocimiento del medio que posibilite la comprensión de la diversidad y la pluriidentidad presente en todas las aulas de las escuelas de Cataluña y así conseguir educar para una nueva ciudadanía. Este artículo presenta los resultados de un proceso de investigación-acción que ha tenido como objetivo la innovación curricular en el conocimiento del medio natural, social y cultural en seis centros de educación infantil y primaria de las comarcas gerundenses. Se pretende describir y explicar una innovación o cambio curricular fundamentado teóricamente, del que se ha derivado una nueva forma de trabajo en el aula; y mostrar el proceso metodológico de elaboración e implementación con las resistencias y los cambios reales en el currículo

Hybrid composites octyl-silica-methacrylate agglomerates as enzyme supports

The use of immobilized enzymes as catalysts may be limited by particle size which must be larger than the mesh that retains them in the reactor. Octyl-silica (OS) beads of 70 μm average size were agglomerated to obtain hybrid organic-inorganic composites with particle sizes between 100 and 200 μm. The agglomeration process has been achieved by polymerization of methacrylate from glycidyl methacrylate and ethylene dimethacrylate in the presence of silica beads and further functionalization of the composite with octyl groups. Methacrylate content of the composite (20%) is high enough to stick OS beads, and low enough to preserve the advantages of these particles as supports. The properties of the octyl silica particles for lipase immobilization have been very closely reproduced with the octyl-silica-methacrylate (OSM) composite. Enzyme loading of 210 mg lipase per gram of support has been achieved on OSM vs 230 mg/g on OS. Also catalytic activity values are close for both catalysts, OSM-lipase remaining fully active and stable after 15 cycles in acetonitril

Value of culture and nested polymerase chain raction of blood in the prediction of relapses in patients co-infected with Leishmania and human immunodeficiency virus

The use of culture and a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of blood in predicting the probability of relapse was evaluated in 20 patients co-infected with Leishmania and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Fourteen of 20 patients relapsed, with 24 clinical relapses diagnosed. During clinical relapse, the parasite was detected by culture in 21 of 24 blood samples and by nested PCR in 23 of 24 blood samples. After treatment and during asymptomatic periods, the parasite was detected by culture in 18 (19.1%) of 94 blood samples and by nested PCR in 58 (61.7%) of 94 blood samples. For positive blood cultures, the Kaplan-Meier probability estimates for relapse at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months were 44%, 68%, 76%, and 76%, respectively, while for positive nested PCRs, the estimates were 20%, 33%, 45%, and 50%, respectively. For negative blood cultures, relapse probabilities for the same time points were 7%, 12%, 12%, and 12%, while for negative nested PCRs, these probabilities were 8%, 14%, 21%, and 26%. Nested PCR-positive results in asymptomatic periods indicated presence of the parasite, but not necessarily relapse. However, the presence of viable parasites during post-treatment follow-up increased the probability of relapse and showed that culture positivity could be a good relapse marker

Los hayedos prepirenaicos aragoneses:: fitosociología, fitotopografía y conservación

Tras el estudio de los hayedos prepirenaicos aragoneses (provincias de Zaragoza y Huesca), los autores presentan una tabla de más de 50 inventarios correspondiente al Buxo- Fagetum sylvaticae y explican su composición florística, hábitat y fitotopografía. También se dan tres inventarios del Scillo-Fagetum sylvaticae, mucho más localizado en esta región. Por último, se describe su estado de conservación y se dan algunas recomendaciones para su protección.Prepyrenean aragonese beech-forests (Zaragoza and Huesca provinces) were studied during two years. As a result we present a table of the Buxo-Fagetum sylvaticae (56 releves), a widespread community, and comment on its floristical composition and ecology.Also the more isolated beech-forest of the Scillo-Fagetum sylvaticae is here introduced (3 releves). Finally, some ideas for conservation of these forests are also pointed out

Plant community assembly in invaded recipient californian grasslands and putative donor grasslands in Spain

The introduction of exotic species to new regions offers opportunities to test fundamental questions in ecology, such as the context-dependency of community structure and assembly. Annual grasslands provide a model system of a major unidirectional introduction of plant species from Europe to North America. We compared the community structure of grasslands in two Mediterranean regions by surveying plots in Spain and in California with similar environmental and management conditions. All species found in Spanish grasslands were native to Spain, and over half of them (74 of 139 species) are known to have colonized California. In contrast, in California, over half of the species (52 of 95 species) were exotic species, all of them native to Spain. Nineteen species were found in multiple plots in both regions (i.e., shared species). The abundance of shared species in California was either similar to (13 species) or greater than (6 species) in Spain. In California, plants considered pests were more likely than non-pest species to have higher abundance. Co-occurring shared species tended to maintain their relative abundance in native and introduced communities, which indicates that pools of exotic species might assemble similarly at home and away. These findings provide interesting insights into community assembly in novel ecosystems. They also highlight an example of startling global and local floristic homogenization.Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades PCI2018-09293

Life and death of a drug in the 21st century. From the book Mediator® 150mg. Combien de morts? (I. Franchon, 2010) to the film La fille de Brest (E. Bercort, 2016)

La fille de Brest, basada en hechos reales, relata los sucesos vividos por la Dra Irène Franchon y su equipo durantelos cautro años en los que se enfrentan al gigante farmacéutico francés Servier y a la Agencia de Seguridad Sanitariade Productos para la Salud. Su objetivo era conseguir la retirada del fármaco Mediator® 150mg, administrado comocoadyuvante en pacientes diabéticos y también como anorexígeno, causante de graves valvulopatías. Este artículosigue el curso del film La doctora de Brest (título de la versión española) y presenta las diferentes actividades propiasde la investigación iniciada en el hospital de Brest (Bretaña, Francia) en 2006, y que culminó con la retirada del fármacoen 2009. A Mediator® se le imputan al menos 500 muertes durante los treinta y tres años en los que estuvoen el mercado francés. El análisis de la película puede servir para la docencia ya que permite observar la labor dediferentes profesionales asistenciales (cardiólogos, neumólogos, enfermeras de investigación, estadísticos, etc.) yde la administración sanitaria (farmacólogos). También ilustra problemas clínicos y éticos de interés para diferentesespecialidades (cardiología, endocrinología, etc.)