economicità e socialità nel governo strategico dell'azienda

Il presente lavoro vuole analizzare le strategie sociali attraverso una duplice prospettiva che, nelle reciproche interrelazioni tra ricerca teorica ed analisi empiriche, consenta di definire uno schema di analisi delle strategie sociali e di capire come esse si inseriscono nel sistema d’azienda, e in modo correlato verificare se e come le aziende sfruttano il potenziale insito nella corporate social responsibility e quali sono i comportamenti e gli approcci messi in atto. La tesi, dunque, è stata strutturata in due parti strettamente interconnese tra loro, una di matrice teorica, l'altra di stampo empirico. In particolare, nella prima parte si è voluto definire, attraverso l’analisi della letteratura, la natura ed i caratteri distintivi delle strategie sociali, come queste dovrebbero integrarsi nel sistema d’azienda ed in particolare nelle dinamiche competitive, organizzative ed economico – finanziarie e come si rapportano al sistema delle comunicazioni aziendali per ottenere consensi e legittimazione da parte dei propri stakeholder. Viene quindi analizzata l'evoluzione concettuale delle strategie sociali con particolare focus sui vari e molteplici filoni di studio conessi alla dimensione sociale dell'azienda. In un secondo momento viene analizzata l'interconnessione esitente tra strategie sociali e strategie competitive, organizzative ed economico - finanziarie. La seconda parte del lavoro, invece, come anticipato è completamente dedicata all'analisi empirica, al fine di comprendere lo stato dell'arte delle strategie sociali e di definire uno schema di analisi delle stesse. Il percorso appena delineato si articola all’interno del presente lavoro in cinque capitoli, di cui tre di stampo teorico e due empirico reciprocamente correlati ed interconnessi. Nel primo ci siamo concentrati sulla presentazione generale del quadro dottrinale delle strategie sociali, al fine di comprenderne i tratti distintivi, le finalità, gli aspetti maggiormente rilevanti ed il ruolo rivestito all’interno del sistema d’azienda, nonché le modalità attraverso cui il sistema delle relazioni sociali si inserisce nel più ampio sistema aziendale. Nel secondo capitolo l’analisi è scesa maggiormente nel dettaglio in quanto, si è focalizzato sulle interrelazioni tra le strategie sociali e le altre strategie aziendali dimostrando che la corporate social responsibility non solo non può essere in conflitto con gli interessi del business, ma essa, se ben integrata, diviene una leva importante ai fini del raggiungimento dell’economicità a valere nel tempo. Lo studio in questa fase ha voluto poi analizzare singolarmente i rapporti intercorrenti tra strategie sociali e strategie competitive, organizzative ed economico – finanziarie per individuare il contributo che la responsabilità sociale offre a ciascuna di queste aree. Il terzo capitolo, invece, si concentra sul sistema delle comunicazioni aziendali ed in particolare sul ruolo rivestito dalla comunicazione nell’ambito delle strategie di corporate social responsibility, con particolare attenzione all'attività di rendicontazione sociale. Su tale quadro teorico è stata definita la seconda parte del lavoro contenente l’analisi empirica, condotta selezionando come campione le aziende italiane quotate presso la Borsa Italiana nel 2010 ed utilizzando come metodologia di ricerca una content analysis ed un’analisi multivariata. In particolare lo scopo del quarto capitolo è stato quello di capire e mostrare se allo stato attuale le strategie sociali trovano spazio all’interno della gestione strategica e quali sono gli aspetti ritenuti maggiormente rilevanti. Infine, in base a quanto rilevato da precedenti studi, abbiamo voluto capire se ed in che misura la presenza di alcuni fattori – dimensione aziendale, settore di appartenenza, possesso di certificazioni, ottenimento di premi e riconoscimenti, mission sociale e presenza di codice etico e/o politiche di sostenibilità – possa fungere da incentivo per lo sviluppo di strategie di corporate social responsibility. Il quinto capitolo ha voluto, infine, comprendere come le aziende comunicano le strategie e le iniziative sociali messe in atto. In particolare la ricerca in tale fase si è concentrata sull’individuazione dei canali e dei mezzi utilizzati dalle imprese e degli aspetti maggiormente trasmessi, distinguendo informazioni di carattere strategico ed informazioni relative alle performance, nonché sulla comprensione della relazione intercorrente tra performance sociale e disclosure sociale per verificare se a maggiori livelli di comunicazione dedicata corrispondono anche migliori performance sociali

Chapter Precision agriculture and conservation of coastal landscapes

The application of Precision Agriculture strategies represents an opportunity for farmers to obtain economic benefits. In the area of Metapontino, as demonstrated by the experimentation conducted, the challenge of producing food and at the same time protecting nature and safeguarding biodiversity, it is possible to face it through the introduction of global positioning systems (GPS), a technology capable of integrating the information on soil type, climate, cultivar, crop and farm management, topography and economy

Association between proton-pump inhibitors (PPI) and metronomic capecitabine (MCAP) as salvage treatment for patients with advanced gastro-intestinal tumoursa. A randomized phase II study

Background: Several researches have shown that acidification of tumor microenvironment is the basis for tumor invasiveness, ability to metastasize S382 Abstracts and cytotoxic agents resistance; therefore proton pump inhibitors (PPI) could significantly increase the chemosensitivity. In our retrospective work we have investigated the role of capecitabine (mCAP) at metronomic dosage of 1500 mg/die as salvage chemotherapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, showing a moderately activity and well tolerability. In this prospective study we evaluated safety and activity of mCAP in the advanced gastro-intestinal patients and the putative chemosensitizing activity of a specific PPI (Rabeprazole) in association to this therap

Influence of Hashimoto thyroiditis on the development of thyroid nodules and cancer in children and adolescents

It is unclear whether patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) are predisposed to develop thyroid nodules and/or thyroid cancer. The objective of our study was therefore to assess the prevalence of thyroid nodules and/or cancer in patients with HT and to look for possible prognostic factors. A retrospective survey of 904 children/adolescents with HT (709 females, 195 males) regularly followed in nine Italian centers of pediatric endocrinology was performed. Median period of follow-up was 4.5 years (1.2 to 12.8 years). We evaluated free T4, TSH, thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), thyroglobulin antibodies, and thyroid ultrasound yearly. One hundred seventy-four nodules were detected, with an annual incidence rate of 3.5%. Ten nodules were malignant (8 papillary and 2 papillary follicular variant), giving a 5.7% prevalence of cancer among patients with nodules. The severity of hypo-echogenity at ultrasound, TPOAb, and free T4 serum concentrations were predictive for the appearance of new nodules. Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed between TPOAb titer and the development of thyroid cancer. In conclusion, HT seems to influence the development of thyroid nodules, but not cancer in children and adolescents

Ask Doctor Smartphone! An App to Help Physicians Manage Foreign Body Ingestions in Children

Abstract: Background: Foreign body ingestion (FBI) represents the most common cause of emergent gastrointestinal endoscopy in children. FBI’s management can be quite challenging for physicians because of the variability of the clinical presentation, and the decision tree becomes even more intricate because of patient-specific variables that must be considered in the pediatric age range (e.g., age of patients and neuropsychiatric disorders) in addition to the mere characteristics of the foreign body. We present an application for smartphones designed for pediatricians and pediatric surgeons based on the latest guidelines from the official pediatric societies. The app aims to help physicians manage FBI quickly and properly in children. Materials and methods: The latest pediatric FBI management guidelines were reviewed and summarized. The flow chart we obtained guided the development of a smartphone application. A questionnaire was administered to all pediatric surgeon trainees at our institute to test the feasibility and helpfulness of the application. Results: An app for smartphones was obtained and shared for free on the Google Play Store and Apple Store. The app guides the physician step by step in the diagnostic process, analyzing all patient- and foreign body-specific characteristics. The app consultation ends with a suggestion of the most proper decision to make in terms of further radiological investigations and the indication and timing of endoscopy. A questionnaire administered to trainees proved the app to be useful and easy to use. Conclusion: We developed an app able to help pediatricians and pediatric surgeons manage FBI in children, providing standardized and updated recommendations in a smart and easily available way

State of the art of 18F-FDG PET/CT application in inflammation and infection: a guide for image acquisition and interpretation

Aim The diagnosis, severity and extent of a sterile inflammation or a septic infection could be challenging since there is not one single test able to achieve an accurate diagnosis. The clinical use of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose ([F-18]FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging in the assessment of inflammation and infection is increasing worldwide. The purpose of this paper is to achieve an Italian consensus document on [F-18]FDG PET/CT or PET/MRI in inflammatory and infectious diseases, such as osteomyelitis (OM), prosthetic joint infections (PJI), infective endocarditis (IE), prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE), cardiac implantable electronic device infections (CIEDI), systemic and cardiac sarcoidosis (SS/CS), diabetic foot (DF), fungal infections (FI), tuberculosis (TBC), fever and inflammation of unknown origin (FUO/IUO), pediatric infections (PI), inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), spine infections (SI), vascular graft infections (VGI), large vessel vasculitis (LVV), retroperitoneal fibrosis (RF) and COVID-19 infections. Methods In September 2020, the inflammatory and infectious diseases focus group (IIFG) of the Italian Association of Nuclear Medicine (AIMN) proposed to realize a procedural paper about the clinical applications of [F-18]FDG PET/CT or PET/MRI in inflammatory and infectious diseases. The project was carried out thanks to the collaboration of 13 Italian nuclear medicine centers, with a consolidate experience in this field. With the endorsement of AIMN, IIFG contacted each center, and the pediatric diseases focus group (PDFC). IIFG provided for each team involved, a draft with essential information regarding the execution of [F-18]FDG PET/CT or PET/MRI scan (i.e., indications, patient preparation, standard or specific acquisition modalities, interpretation criteria, reporting methods, pitfalls and artifacts), by limiting the literature research to the last 20 years. Moreover, some clinical cases were required from each center, to underline the teaching points. Time for the collection of each report was from October to December 2020. Results Overall, we summarized 291 scientific papers and guidelines published between 1998 and 2021. Papers were divided in several sub-topics and summarized in the following paragraphs: clinical indications, image interpretation criteria, future perspectivess and new trends (for each single disease), while patient preparation, image acquisition, possible pitfalls and reporting modalities were described afterwards. Moreover, a specific section was dedicated to pediatric and PET/MRI indications. A collection of images was described for each indication. Conclusions Currently, [F-18]FDG PET/CT in oncology is globally accepted and standardized in main diagnostic algorithms for neoplasms. In recent years, the ever-closer collaboration among different European associations has tried to overcome the absence of a standardization also in the field of inflammation and infections. The collaboration of several nuclear medicine centers with a long experience in this field, as well as among different AIMN focus groups represents a further attempt in this direction. We hope that this document will be the basis for a "common nuclear physicians' language" throughout all the country

Annali storici di Principato Citra, A. 7, n. 1.1 (2009)

A. 7, n. 1.1 (2009): G. Guardia, Editoriale, P. 3 ; R. Salati, Le ambre "tipo Roscigno”, P. 5 ; E. Bianco, La viabilità medievale nel Parco Nazionale del Cilento e Vallo di Diano. Il territorio del Comune di Gioi, P. 33 ; D. Petrone, Le case-torri nel territorio ebolitano, P. 51 ; A. Capano, Pollica e i suoi casali nel Catasto provvisorio del 1815. Il Sessantotto a Salerno. In margine ad un Convegno e ad un libro, P. 69 ; Francesco Sofia, Il '68: alcune riflessioni, P. 95 ; G. Acocella, Un '68 "cattolico"? P. 104 ; P. Cantillo, La profezia di una società estetica, P. 108 ; G. Foscari, Il '68, P. 112 ; M. La Via, Dal mito degli anni '60 alla utopie del '68, P. 113 ; P. Lucia, Miti, utopie, speranze di una generazione, P. 117 ; L. Marinucci, Donne, istituzioni, movimenti civili: una questione ancora attuale. La Mostra "Le frodi alimentari nella provincia di Salerno fra '800 e '900" tenutasi a Salerno il 16 ottobre 2008, a cura di Caterina Aliberti e Francesco Innnella, P. 121 ; C. Aliberti - F. Innella, La Mostra "Le frodi alimentari nella Provincia di Salerno tra Ottocento e Novecento", P. 126 ; I. Ascione, Le frodi alimentari nella provincia di Salerno fra Ottocento e Novecento, P. 128 ; A. Vacca, Inganni cibici, P. 131 ; V. Ferrara, Le attività operative del Comando Carabinieri Politiche Agricole e Alimentari e del Nucleo Antifrodi Carabinieri di Salerno. Il XIV Festival "Linea d'ombra" - Festival culture giovani, P. 134 ; P. D'Antonio, Caos: tra Filosofia, Scienza e Arte, P. 150 ; S. Metetich, Al caos, al caos! Così è (se vi piace), P. 151 ; P. Simone Di Chiara, Il caos, P. 153 ; F.M. Iandiorio, M. Autuori, P.S. Di Chiara, Il caos della natura fra letteratura e percezione, P. 154 ; S. Maritato, D. Di Stefano, A. Di Lauro, M. Massa, Caos e/è cinema, P. 156 ; F. Bonifacio, M. Talento, A. Catoio, Obiettivo caotico, P. 158 ; M. Radano, Per una "memoria" del territorio. Le celebrazioni per il Millenario di Guarrazzano di Stella Cilento (1009-2009), P. 160

Molecular Mechanisms Generating and Stabilizing Terminal 22q13 Deletions in 44 Subjects with Phelan/McDermid Syndrome

In this study, we used deletions at 22q13, which represent a substantial source of human pathology (Phelan/McDermid syndrome), as a model for investigating the molecular mechanisms of terminal deletions that are currently poorly understood. We characterized at the molecular level the genomic rearrangement in 44 unrelated patients with 22q13 monosomy resulting from simple terminal deletions (72%), ring chromosomes (14%), and unbalanced translocations (7%). We also discovered interstitial deletions between 17–74 kb in 9% of the patients. Haploinsufficiency of the SHANK3 gene, confirmed in all rearrangements, is very likely the cause of the major neurological features associated with PMS. SHANK3 mutations can also result in language and/or social interaction disabilities. We determined the breakpoint junctions in 29 cases, providing a realistic snapshot of the variety of mechanisms driving non-recurrent deletion and repair at chromosome ends. De novo telomere synthesis and telomere capture are used to repair terminal deletions; non-homologous end-joining or microhomology-mediated break-induced replication is probably involved in ring 22 formation and translocations; non-homologous end-joining and fork stalling and template switching prevail in cases with interstitial 22q13.3. For the first time, we also demonstrated that distinct stabilizing events of the same terminal deletion can occur in different early embryonic cells, proving that terminal deletions can be repaired by multistep healing events and supporting the recent hypothesis that rare pathogenic germline rearrangements may have mitotic origin. Finally, the progressive clinical deterioration observed throughout the longitudinal medical history of three subjects over forty years supports the hypothesis of a role for SHANK3 haploinsufficiency in neurological deterioration, in addition to its involvement in the neurobehavioral phenotype of PMS

Risk factors associated with adverse fetal outcomes in pregnancies affected by Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a secondary analysis of the WAPM study on COVID-19.

Objectives To evaluate the strength of association between maternal and pregnancy characteristics and the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes in pregnancies with laboratory confirmed COVID-19. Methods Secondary analysis of a multinational, cohort study on all consecutive pregnant women with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from February 1, 2020 to April 30, 2020 from 73 centers from 22 different countries. A confirmed case of COVID-19 was defined as a positive result on real-time reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) assay of nasal and pharyngeal swab specimens. The primary outcome was a composite adverse fetal outcome, defined as the presence of either abortion (pregnancy loss before 22 weeks of gestations), stillbirth (intrauterine fetal death after 22 weeks of gestation), neonatal death (death of a live-born infant within the first 28 days of life), and perinatal death (either stillbirth or neonatal death). Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate parameters independently associated with the primary outcome. Logistic regression was reported as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results Mean gestational age at diagnosis was 30.6+/-9.5 weeks, with 8.0% of women being diagnosed in the first, 22.2% in the second and 69.8% in the third trimester of pregnancy. There were six miscarriage (2.3%), six intrauterine device (IUD) (2.3) and 5 (2.0%) neonatal deaths, with an overall rate of perinatal death of 4.2% (11/265), thus resulting into 17 cases experiencing and 226 not experiencing composite adverse fetal outcome. Neither stillbirths nor neonatal deaths had congenital anomalies found at antenatal or postnatal evaluation. Furthermore, none of the cases experiencing IUD had signs of impending demise at arterial or venous Doppler. Neonatal deaths were all considered as prematurity-related adverse events. Of the 250 live-born neonates, one (0.4%) was found positive at RT-PCR pharyngeal swabs performed after delivery. The mother was tested positive during the third trimester of pregnancy. The newborn was asymptomatic and had negative RT-PCR test after 14 days of life. At logistic regression analysis, gestational age at diagnosis (OR: 0.85, 95% CI 0.8-0.9 per week increase; pPeer reviewe