El control interno y sus restricciones

Pese a que el control interno ha existido desde siempre, inicialmente como una práctica extrema de supervisión, castigo o responsabilidad, se reglamenta a partir de la Constitución Política de Colombia de 1991 en su Artículo 209 que reza: La función administrativa está al servicio de los intereses generales y se desarrolla con fundamento en los principios de igualdad, moralidad, eficacia, economía, celeridad, imparcialidad y publicidad, mediante la descentralización, la delegación y la desconcentración de funciones. Las autoridades administrativas deben coordinar sus actuaciones para el adecuado cumplimiento de los fines del Estado. La administración pública, en todos sus órdenes, tendrá un control interno que se ejercerá en los términos que señale la ley

Examining Dietary Acculturation in Hispanic Males Residing in South Mississippi

This study explored dietary behavior in terms of dietary intake, dietary intake change and dietary contributing factors in a sample of Hispanic males residing in southern Mississippi that are at various stages of the acculturation process. Grounded theory and the bidimensional acculturation model were incorporated to identify the dietary factors and assess acculturation in each participant. Qualitative and quantitative measures were used in data collection. Qualitative measurements included Semistructured interviews, a focus group, and photovoice with group interviews. The ARSMA-II, Marginality Scale, Fruit/Vegetable and Fat Food Screeners, a psychosocial dietary questionnaire, and the New Vital Signs Food Label for Health Literacy were quantitative instruments used to examine acculturation and dietary behavior. All interviews and questionnaires were interviewer-administered in either Spanish or English as specified by the participant. Grounded theory drove the data analysis. First, the ARSMA-II and Marginality scale scores were determined for each participant, and each participant was placed into one of four bidimensional acculturation groups. Second, three trained qualitative coders, used open, axial, and selective coding to extract codes, identify themes and main themes, draw connections between themes and identify and define core categories. Ill-defined and unclear themes were identified during this process, leading to the photovoice and group interviews which were used to clarify ill-defined themes. Constant comparison was used to incorporate the quantitative data into the qualitative data findings and compare data across groups. Dietary patterns and contributing factors for each acculturation group were identified and compared across groups, and a dietary acculturation conceptual framework was proposed. Information gained can be used to inform nutrition practice and nutrition intervention development relevant to Hispanic males

The Feasibility of Using the Super Tracker Website for Behavior Changes in the Adolescent Population

Research suggests technology such as health websites may be a viable way to effect lifestyle behavior and promote health. Several websites utilize self-monitoring of physical activity and diet as well as provide health-related education as a method to impact behavior. One such site is the Super Tracker tool on ChooseMyPlate.gov, created by the United States Department of Health. The site was created to encourage healthy diet and physical activity within the US population. Therefore, the aim of this original research was to examine the acceptability and feasibility outcomes of a self-monitoring physical activity intervention delivered by the Super Tracker website among inner city adolescents. A total of 26 students volunteered for this feasibility study. The website incorporates goal setting, self-monitoring of physical and dietary activity. Focus groups were conducted to assess the participants’ perceptions of the intervention and the application performance. Results suggested that the website intervention was feasible and acceptable to adolescents and may be utilized as an integral part in behavioral interventions for this specific population

Exploring the Connection Between Community Food Security Initiatives and Social-Cognitive Factors on Dietary Intake

Food insecurity and poor dietary consumption continue to impact low-income populations in the U.S. However, communities are developing ways to address it at the local level. Community Food Security Initiatives (CFSI) focus on increasing a sustainable, healthy food supply and food system while addressing food insecurity and dietary quality within a community. The purpose of this study was two-fold: (1) explore CFSIs in low-income areas in a metropolitan Midwest city and (2) examine the effects of the initiatives along with other social-cognitive factors on fruit and vegetable consumption in persons participating in local CFSIs. This was a mixed-methods study. First, seven representatives from different CFSIs were interviewed, and factors regarding initiative success were identified. Secondly, a group of 128 community members made up of both CFSI participants and non-CFSI participants completed questionnaires assessing fruit and vegetable intake, dietary-related social cognitive behavior, and socio-demographics. Several themes emerged from the interviews with the CFSI representatives including challenges, resources, and benefits in developing and sustaining an initiative. A multiple regression analysis was utilized to explain fruit and vegetable behavior across CFSI participation and dietary-related social-cognitive factors, controlling for education and income. The analysis showed that dietary-related social-cognitive factors, not CFSI participation, were an independent predictor of fruit and vegetable intake. In conclusion, CFSIs may increase food access within a local food system but may have a minimal impact on dietary behavior overall. CFSIs may need to reexamine their operations and identify ways to address not only food access but other social factors such as community empowerment and individual psychosocial factors relating to dietary behavior

9th Mercosul Biennial | Porto Alegre: curatorial and spatial practices, a dialogue with Sofía Hernández Chong Cuy

What sets the curatorial practice in a biennial exhibition model today? A question, among many others, raised during the project structuring of the 9th Mercosul Biennial | Porto Alegre, from September 13th to November 10th 2013, under the title, in Portuguese, "Se o Clima for Favorável" (in Spanish, "Si el tiempo lo permite"; in English, "Weather Permitting"), is contained in this interview with art director and general curator of this issue, Sofía Hernández Chong Cuy. The meeting, which took place during the unfolding of the event, shares with the reader the questions generated during the process of construction of a large-scale exhibition event. On one side, curating, and on the other, museography, considered from the professional activities performed by the ones involved in this conversation during the biennial edition, meet to, through open dialogue, establish an attempt to think critically about the experience of exhibition practices nowadays – amid design and materialization, debate and provocation, curatorial and artistic intentionality, interpretation and public presentation of contemporary art

Development and implementation of an evaluation tool for measuring Cultural Competency learning activities in Health and Sport Science undergraduate students

Due to the diversity within the healthcare system, it is important to promote cultural competency in healthcare providers. The integration of pedagogical approaches to cultural competency into health-related programs cannot be understated. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop an instrument to examine the student engagement in cultural competency-related activities within health-related degree programs and determine the relationship between engagement and cultural competency. Participants of the study included first- and fourth-year undergraduate students studying within a health-related program at a mid-sized, private university in the Midwestern US. Participants completed a cultural competency inventory questionnaire which included activities identified from prior studies that facilitated cultural competency learning. They also completed The Inventory for Assessing the Process of Cultural Competence For Healthcare Professionals -Student Version (IAPCC-SV, 2009); a measure of cultural competency. Using the exploratory factor analysis, the Cultural Learning Inventory (CLI) indicated a 4-factor construct with adequate construct detection. Overall, three of the four CLI constructs were positively associated with overall cultural competency. Further, first-year students had lower CLI and cultural competency scores compared to fourth year students. In conclusion, promoting learning activities and programs can positively impact future cultural competency in health-related professionals

Hot Corrosion Test Facility at the NASA Lewis Special Projects Laboratory

The Hot Corrosion Test Facility (HCTF) at the NASA Lewis Special Projects Laboratory (SPL) is a high-velocity, pressurized burner rig currently used to evaluate the environmental durability of advanced ceramic materials such as SiC and Si3N4. The HCTF uses laboratory service air which is preheated, mixed with jet fuel, and ignited to simulate the conditions of a gas turbine engine. Air, fuel, and water systems are computer-controlled to maintain test conditions which include maximum air flows of 250 kg/hr (550 lbm/hr), pressures of 100-600 kPa (1-6 atm), and gas temperatures exceeding 1500 C (2732 F). The HCTF provides a relatively inexpensive, yet sophisticated means for researchers to study the high-temperature oxidation of advanced materials, and the injection of a salt solution provides the added capability of conducting hot corrosion studies

Cambio conceptual en estudiantes del departamento del Tolima frente al conocimiento biol?gico de serpientes, prevenci?n y primeros auxilios ante el accidente of?dico, a partir de una propuesta de educaci?n ambiental enfocada al aprendizaje basado en problemas

102 p. Recurso Electr?nicoLas serpientes son causantes de alrededor de tres millones de accidentes por mordeduras al a?o en el mundo. Desde el a?o 2004, la Organizaci?n Mundial de la Salud consider? esto como problem?tica de salud p?blica. En Colombia, se han determinado ocho familias de serpientes, 71 g?neros y 270 especies, de las cuales 37 son venenosas. En la regi?n del Tolima, por su ubicaci?n y configuraci?n geogr?fica, diversidad altitudinal y climatol?gica, se han logrado identificar 61 especies, de las cuales tan solo 8 son venenosas, sin embargo, la incidencia del accidente of?dico constituye una alerta epidemiol?gica en el pa?s. Los intentos para enfrentar esta problem?tica se han basado primordialmente en la fabricaci?n de sueros antiof?dicos y protocolos hospitalarios, pero es notable relativamente, la falta de estrategias de prevenci?n. Este estudio abarca la problem?tica de la accidentalidad of?dica de manera pedag?gica y did?ctica fundamentada en el aprendizaje basado en problemas (ABP), el cual evalu? el estado de conocimiento y cambio conceptual acerca de las serpientes, en una poblaci?n del departamento del Tolima. Se determin? que el Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas (ABP), como m?todo de ense?anza y aprendizaje, tuvo buena recepci?n por los estudiantes, tambi?n el uso de material biol?gico favoreci? el desarrollo de los talleres, porque las concepciones sobre los temas abordados mejoraron en comparaci?n con sus conocimientos previos. Palabras claves: Educaci?n ambiental, serpientes, concepcionesSnakes are causative for about three million bite accidents a year in the world. Since 2004, the World Health Organization considered this as a public health problem. In Colombia, eight families of snakes, 71 genera and 270 species have been established, of which 37 are poisonous. In the Tolima region, due to its location and geographical configuration, altitudinal and climatological diversity, 61 species have been identified, of which only 8 are poisonous; however, the incidence of the ophidian accident establishes an epidemiological alert in the country. Attempts to deal with this problem have been based primarily on the manufacture of antivenom sera and hospital protocols, but it?s relatively noticeable, the lack of prevention strategies. This study comprises the ophidian accident issue in a pedagogical and didactic way supported on problem-based learning (PBL), which evaluated the state of knowledge and conceptual change about snakes in a population of the department of Tolima. It was determined that the problem-based learning (PBL), as a teaching and learning method, was well received by the students, the use of biological material also favored the development of the workshops, because the conceptions on the addressed topics improved compared to their previous knowledge Keywords: Environmental education, snakes, conceptio

Mitigating Toxic Stress in At-Risk Youth through an Agriculture-Based After School Program

Adverse childhood experiences and accompanying toxic stress have negative impacts on children Of particular interest then is identifying strategies that could help at-risk youth mitigate the impacts of toxic stress Using a phenomenology based qualitatively dominant research approach this study explores dynamics of toxic stress in at-risk youth and how the On The Rise program an agricultural-based after school program for at-risk youth addresses toxic stres