Estrategias promocionales de la empresa comercializadora Marleny’s S.A.C - Distrito El Porvenir-Trujillo-2018

El objetivo general de la investigación en sí, fue analizar las estrategias promocionales de la empresa comercializadora Marleny’s S.A.C., del distrito el Porvenir, Trujillo, año 2018, concluyendo que, las estrategias empleadas por la organización evidencian una mala gestión, trayendo consigo el desacuerdo por parte del público, arrojando un valor de 40.34% en promedio general. En efecto, el desacuerdo de las estrategias promocionales se fundamenta en el promedio de las dimensiones, siendo: publicidad con un 45.61%, promoción de ventas con un 34.59%, relaciones públicas con un 42.47%; mientras que, para la dimensión ventas personales con un 40.38% los clientes afirman estar ni de acuerdo ni en desacuerdo con esta aseveración respectivamente. Por otra parte, la población investigada estuvo delimitada por los clientes de la empresa en mención, con un nivel de confianza de 95% y un error de 5%, se obtuvo una muestra de 239 clientes a estudiar, en cuanto al instrumento de medición se estableció de acuerdo a la escala de Likert basado en sus cinco criterios, distribuidas en 16 ítems cada uno, con una fiabilidad buena de 85.4%. El procesamiento de los resultados se efectuó gracias a la empleabilidad del software estadístico SPSS versión 24 para determinar el Alpha de Cronbach y Microsoft office versión 2016 para la consigna de cada objetivo formulado

Polyunsaturated fatty acids of marine macroalgae: potential for nutritional and pharmaceutical applications

As mammals are unable to synthesize essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), these compounds need to be taken in through diet. Nowadays, obtaining essential PUFA in diet is becoming increasingly difficult; therefore this work investigated the suitability of using macroalgae as novel dietary sources of PUFA. Hence, 17 macroalgal species from three different phyla (Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta and Rhodophyta) were analyzed and their fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) profile was assessed. Each phylum presented a characteristic fatty acid signature as evidenced by clustering of PUFA profiles of algae belonging to the same phylum in a Principal Components Analysis. The major PUFA detected in all phyla were C-18 and C-20, namely linoleic, arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids. The obtained data showed that rhodophytes and phaeophytes have higher concentrations of PUFA, particularly from the n-3 series, thereby being a better source of these compounds. Moreover, rhodophytes and phaeophytes presented. healthier. Sigma(n-6/)Sigma(n-3) and PUFA/saturated fatty acid ratios than chlorophytes. Ulva was an exception within the Chlorophyta, as it presented high concentrations of n-3 PUFA, alpha-linolenic acid in particular. In conclusion, macroalgae can be considered as a potential source for large-scale production of essential PUFA with wide applications in the nutraceutical and pharmacological industries.SEABIOMED [PTDC/MAR/103957/2008]; Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT); Portuguese National Budget; FCT [SFRH/BPD/65116/2009, SFRH/BD/81425/2011

Centro de Investigación Tecnológica de Café & Cacao en Jaén

El presente trabajo se basa en el diseño y creación del proyecto “Centro de Investigación Tecnológica de Café & Cacao”, ubicado en Jaén, Cajamarca. Para el desarrollo del proyecto, se inició con el estudio de la zona, mostrando así la problemática principal, la cual se basa en el bajo rendimiento de los agricultores para sus productos y su bajo conocimiento en ellos. Cada CITE es un punto de encuentro entre el Estado, la Educación y el Sector Privado que se conecta con el resto de elementos del sistema de innovación de cada cadena productiva en especial es las regiones. Encontramos que Jaén exporta una gran cantidad de Café pero es escaso en cacao y en su mayoría son pocas los CITES que exportan el producto. El Proyecto busca la MEJORA DE LA COMPETITIVIDAD, cerrando brechas de demanda oferta en servicios de promoción, transferencia e innovación tecnológica mediante generación de valor agregado en los procesos de transformación y comercialización, en la cadena productiva del departamento de Cajamarca, a través de la construcción del CITE Café & Cacao. Finalmente, con los datos obtenidos luego de la etapa de investigación y análisis se dio como resultado la propuesta arquitectónica del “CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIÓN TECNOLÓGICA DE CAFÉ & CACAO EN JAÉN” en base a la norma vigente del Reglamento Nacional de Edificaciones, el diseño y material del proyecto respeta al contexto de la zona para lograr una buena calidad para los diferentes usuarios y también se puedan desarrollar las diferentes actividades que ayudaran al desarrollo del CITEThis work is based on the design and creation of the project ""Coffee & Cacao Technological Research Center"", located in Jaén, Cajamarca. For the development of the project, it began with the study of the area, thus showing the main problem, which is based on the low performance of farmers for their products and their low knowledge of them. Each CITE is a meeting point between the State, Education and the Private Sector that connects with the rest of the elements of the innovation system of each production chain, especially in the regions. We find that Jaén exports a large amount of Coffee but it is scarce in cocoa and, for the most part, few CITES export the product. The Project seeks to IMPROVE COMPETITIVENESS, closing gaps in demand and supply in promotion, transfer and technological innovation services by generating added value in the transformation and commercialization processes, in the productive chain of the department of Cajamarca, through construction of the CITE Café & Cacao. Finally, with the data obtained after the research and analysis stage, the architectural proposal of the ""CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIÓN TECNOLÓGICA DE CAFÉ & CACAO EN JAÉN"" was produced based on the current norm of the National Building Regulations, the design and material The project respects the context of the area to achieve a good quality for the different users and the different activities that will help the development of the CITE can also be developedTesi

Estudio de la biodegradación hidrolítica de recubrimientos de biopolímeros/cerámico mediante EQCM.

El presente trabajo incluye el estudio de la biodegradación hidrolítica de recubrimientos de ácido poliláctico, ácido poliglicólico e hidrxiapatita, obtenidos en forma de películas delgadas electrodepositadas catódicamente sobre cristales de cuarzo piezoeléctricos, empleando un electrolito de diferentes realaciones de cada polímero/cerámico a un volumen de solvente, tiempo y voltaje definidos previamente. Posteriormente, los cristales recubiertos, fueron sumergidos durante 1, 3, 5, 7 y 10 días en fluido corporal simulado a temperatura y pH constantes. Los recubrimientos fueron analizados por EIS y QCM para encontrar una correlación entre los cambios de frecuencia con la carga total transferida

Behavior of expanded polystyrene as lightweight filler in retaining walls with intermediate slabs

The present study explores a retaining wall with an intermediate slab. To reduce the lateral earth pressure on the wall, the substitution of part of the soil by blocks of expanded polystyrene (EPS) with high density is proposed, which could result in significant economic savings. Also, the possibility of building the wall elevation with smaller thickness (preexisting wall reinforcement) will be analyzed. To do this, the situation and optimum geometry of the EPS blocks will be studied in detail, besides a study of two scaled models, one without EPS and another with blocks with rectangular distribution. The obtained results allow us to affirm that the reduction in pressure is very significant if the blocks are arranged with the proper geometry and situation over the sliding plane but without eliminating the beneficial effect of the weight of the ground located over the slab

Degradation of polylactic acid / hydroxyapatite and polyglycolic acid in simulated body fluid

El presente trabajo de investigación presenta la degradación de materiales compuestos de ácido poliláctico, ácido poliglicólico e hidroxiapatita en un electrolito de solución fisiológica simulada, fue evaluada mediante electroquímica y microbalanza de cristal de cuarzo. Los materiales fueron obtenidos a diferentes concentraciones y electrodepositados catódicamente sobre cristales de cuarzo piezoeléctricos para formar películas delgadas. Los cristales recubiertos fueron sumergidos durante 1, 3, 5, 7 y 10 días en fluido corporal simulado a temperatura y pH constantes y en cada intervalo se realizaron análisis de espectroscopia de impedancia electroquímica y microbalanza de cristal de cuarzo que permitieron relacionar los cambios de frecuencia de la microbalanza con la carga eléctrica total transferida durante el proceso de degradación.In this work the degradation of composites of polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid and hydroxyapatite in a simulated physiological electrolyte solution was evaluated by electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. The materials were obtained at different concentrations and cathodically electrodeposited on piezoelectric quartz crystals to form thin films. Coated crystals were immersed for 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 days in simulated body fluid at temperature and pH constant at each interval analysis was performed Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and Quartz Crystal Microbalance that allowed to relate the frequency change of the microbalance with the total electric charge transferred in the process of degradation

Degradation of polylactic acid / hydroxyapatite and polyglycolic acid in simulated body fluid

El presente trabajo de investigación presenta la degradación de materiales compuestos de ácido poliláctico, ácido poliglicólico e hidroxiapatita en un electrolito de solución fisiológica simulada, fue evaluada mediante electroquímica y microbalanza de cristal de cuarzo. Los materiales fueron obtenidos a diferentes concentraciones y electrodepositados catódicamente sobre cristales de cuarzo piezoeléctricos para formar películas delgadas. Los cristales recubiertos fueron sumergidos durante 1, 3, 5, 7 y 10 días en fluido corporal simulado a temperatura y pH constantes y en cada intervalo se realizaron análisis de espectroscopia de impedancia electroquímica y microbalanza de cristal de cuarzo que permitieron relacionar los cambios de frecuencia de la microbalanza con la carga eléctrica total transferida durante el proceso de degradación.In this work the degradation of composites of polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid and hydroxyapatite in a simulated physiological electrolyte solution was evaluated by electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. The materials were obtained at different concentrations and cathodically electrodeposited on piezoelectric quartz crystals to form thin films. Coated crystals were immersed for 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 days in simulated body fluid at temperature and pH constant at each interval analysis was performed Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and Quartz Crystal Microbalance that allowed to relate the frequency change of the microbalance with the total electric charge transferred in the process of degradation

Nomogram-based prediction of survival in patients with advanced oesophagogastric adenocarcinoma receiving first-line chemotherapy: a multicenter prospective study in the era of trastuzumab

Background: To develop and validate a nomogram and web-based calculator to predict overall survival (OS) in Caucasian-advanced oesophagogastric adenocarcinoma (AOA) patients undergoing first-line combination chemotherapy. Methods: Nine hundred twenty-four AOA patients treated at 28 Spanish teaching hospitals from January 2008 to September 2014 were used as derivation cohort. The result of an adjusted-Cox proportional hazards regression was represented as a nomogram and web-based calculator. The model was validated in 502 prospectively recruited patients treated between October 2014 and December 2016. Harrell's c-index was used to evaluate discrimination. Results: The nomogram includes seven predictors associated with OS: HER2-positive tumours treated with trastuzumab, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, number of metastatic sites, bone metastases, ascites, histological grade, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. Median OS was 5.8 (95% confidence interval (CI), 4.5–6.6), 9.4 (95% CI, 8.5–10.6), and 14 months (95% CI, 11.8–16) for high-, intermediate-, and low-risk groups, respectively (P<0.001), in the derivation set and 4.6 (95% CI, 3.3–8.1), 12.7 (95% CI, 11.3–14.3), and 18.3 months (95% CI, 14.6–24.2) for high-, intermediate-, and low-risk groups, respectively (P<0.001), in the validation set. The nomogram is well-calibrated and reveals acceptable discriminatory capacity, with optimism-corrected c-indices of 0.618 (95% CI, 0.591–0.631) and 0.673 (95% CI, 0.636–0.709) in derivation and validation groups, respectively. The AGAMENON nomogram outperformed the Royal Marsden Hospital (c-index=0.583; P=0.00046) and Japan Clinical Oncology Group prognostic indices (c-index=0.611; P=0.03351). Conclusions: We developed and validated a straightforward model to predict survival in Caucasian AOA patients initiating first-line polychemotherapy. This model can contribute to inform clinical decision-making and optimise clinical trial design

External validity of clinical trials with diverse trastuzumab-based chemotherapy regimens in advanced gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma: data from the AGAMENON-SEOM registry

Background: Trastuzumab combined with cisplatin and fluoropyrimidines, either capecitabine or 5-fluorouracile (XP/FP), is the standard first-line treatment for advanced, HER2-positive, gastric cancer patients based on the ToGA trial. Despite the lack of phase III trials, many clinicians administer trastuzumab with alternative regimens. One meta-analysis suggests that substituting cisplatin for oxaliplatin might lead to greater efficacy and less toxicity. Methods: 594 patients with HER2-positive gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma were recruited from the AGAMENON-SEOM registry. The objective was to evaluate the external validity of clinical trials with chemotherapy and trastuzumab. Results: The regimens used in at least 5% of the patients were XP (27%), oxaliplatin and capecitabine (CAPOX) (26%), oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil (FOLFOX) (14%), FP (14%), triplet with anthracycline/docetaxel (7%), and carboplatin-FU (5%). Median exposure to trastuzumab was longer with FOLFOX (11.4 months, 95% CI, 9.1-21.0) versus ToGA regimens (7.5, 6.4-8.5), p < 0.001. Patients with HER2-IHC 3+ cancers had higher response rates than those with IHC 2+/FISH+, odds-ratio 1.97 (95% CI, 1.25-3.09). The results achieved with CAPOX-trastuzumab were comparable to those attained with ToGA regimens. FOLFOX-trastuzumab was superior to ToGA schemes in terms of overall survival (OS), with a greater magnitude of effect in IHC 2+/FISH+ tumors (HR 0.47, 0.24-0.92) compared with IHC 3+ (HR 0.69, 0.49-0.96), and in diffuse (HR 0.37, 0.20-0.69) versus intestinal-type tumors (HR 0.76, 0.54-1.06). Conclusion: We have updated the external validity of clinical trials with trastuzumab in first-line treatment of gastric cancer. Our data confirm the comparable outcomes of ToGA regimens and CAPOX-trastuzumab in clinical practice and point toward a possible benefit of FOLFOX-trastuzumab, contingent on the subtypes typically less sensitive to trastuzumab, to be confirmed in clinical trials

Quem salva quem? Saviour siblings e seus aspectos bioéticos

INTRODUÇÃO: A ideia do artigo surgiu durante uma disciplina na qual os alunos foram organizados em grupo para a discussão de um assunto dentro da temática da bioética, sendo o assunto escolhido "saviour siblings". O “saviour sibling” é uma criança concebida na esperança de que ela seja geneticamente compatível com um irmão mais velho que possui alguma patologia cujo tratamento consista na doação de tecidos. OBJETIVO: Debater a concepção de irmãos doadores e a delicadeza e complexidade do tema na perspectiva bioética. METODOLOGIA: Revisão bibliográfica realizada em agosto de 2019, na base de dados PubMed, utilizando o descritor “saviour siblings.” O material obtido foi utilizado para discussão e elaboração de um caso clínico. RESULTADOS: Foram encontrados 40 artigos, nove excluídos pelo resumo por divergirem do tema. O caso clínico foi desenvolvido coletivamente e os autores incumbidos de se colocarem no lugar dos envolvidos nesta decisão e narrar os possíveis pensamentos e sentimentos em cada um deles. Em seguida, utilizaram-se as referências bibliográficas para discutir o caso clínico construído, sob a perspectiva bioética. CONCLUSÃO:  São delicadas e complexas as questões bioéticas relacionadas ao tema saviour siblings. Por um lado, há o benefício de se salvar uma criança doente e trazer alívio a seus pais. Por outro, esta técnica pode remeter a práticas eugênicas como a seleção de indivíduos a partir de sua genética. A perda de autonomia do irmão salvador precisa ser enfoque de futuras discussões éticas a fim de proteger seus direitos. É imprescindível o ensino de Bioética para a formação de profissionais da saúde