PRÁTICAS DE LIBERDADE DE ENFERMEIRAS MILITANTES PELA CONSTRUÇÃO DE OUTRAS MODALIDADES DE OBJETIVAÇÃO DA ENFERMAGEM

Objetivo: analisar práticas de liberdade de enfermeiras militantes. Método: pesquisa histórica, baseada no métodode história oral com abordagem qualitativa, realizada com 11 enfermeiras que militaram/militam por questões profissionaisdesde a década de 1980 no estado da Bahia, Brasil. Os dados coletados em entrevistas semiestruturadasforam organizados no software n-vivo 10 e analisados com base na hermenêutica dialética. Resultados: identificadaspossibilidades formativas e de resistência nas práticas de implicação com o mundo. Conclusão: as práticas deliberdade são geradoras de militância/militantes, havendo uma noção de dupla intencionalidade, que representacaráter dialético em si.Descritores: Enfermagem. Política. Liderança. História da Enfermagem. Atitudes e prática em saúde

Micromesoporous Activated Carbons as Catalysts for the Efficient Oxidation of Aqueous Sulfide

KOH activation of a mesophase pitch produces very efficient carbons for the removal of sulfide in aqueous solution, increasing the sulfur oxidation rate with the degree of activation of the carbon. These carbons are characterized by their graphitic structures, with domains of sizes of around 20 nm, and a moderate concentration of surface oxygen groups (0.2–0.5 mmol·g–1) dominating the basic groups. Because the activation leads first to a strong development of the micropores and later to a development of the mesopores, the surface area values are always high, reaching values of as high as 3250 m2·g–1 in the most activated carbon, with a volume of mesopores of as high as 44% of the total pore volume. In the presence of this carbon, the sulfide oxidation rate is 100 times higher than that found for a commercial activated carbon, the results indicating that the porosity of the carbon, especially mesoporosity, plays a role more important than the structure or the chemical nature of the carbon in the kinetics of sulfide oxidation to different polysulfides.The authors thank CNPq, CAPES, INCT, PRPq-UFMG, and Prometeo II/2014/004 for financial support

Tuning the surface properties of biochar by thermal treatment

In this work, the effect of controlled thermal treatment to tune biochar surface properties such as area/porosity, functionalities and reactivity was investigated. TG-MS, CHN, Raman, IR, BET, Zeta and SEM analyses suggested that thermal treatment led to the decomposition of an organic complex/amorphous phase to produce micropores based on graphene nanostructures and a strong increase on surface area from 3 m2 g−1 for biochar to 30, 408 and 590 m2 g−1, at 400, 600 and 800 °C, respectively. The treatment also led to a gradual decrease on oxygen content from 27 to 14 wt% at 800 °C due to decomposition of surface functionalities changing surface properties such as zeta potential, adsorption of anionic and cationic species and an increase on the activity for sulfide oxidation which is discussed in terms of increase in surface area and the presence of surface redox quinone groups

Phospho-l-tyrosine-agarose chromatography: adsorption of human IgG and its proteolytic fragments

The behavior of human immunoglobulin G (IgG) and antigen-binding fragment (Fab fragment) adsorption onto phospho-l-tyrosine immobilized on agarose (P-Tyr-agarose) was evaluated by pseudoaffinity chromatography. The effects of buffer systems MES, MOPS, Bis-Tris, Tris-HCl and sodium phosphate (NaP) and pH on IgG adsorption were studied and high purity values were obtained (96%, based on ELISA analysis of albumin, transferrin and immunoglobulins A, G and M) when IgG was purified from human plasma diluted in 10 mmol L-1 NaP buffer at pH 6.0. The capture of IgG by the P-Tyr-agarose was also promising, since 91% of the IgG was adsorbed when plasma was diluted in 25 mmol L-1 MES buffer at pH 5.5, recommending its use for IgG depletion from human plasma under this condition. The experimental data on IgG adsorption kinetics were in agreement with the pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption isotherm data were well described by the Langmuir-Freundlich model with the value of parameter n being <1 (0.72), indicating negative cooperativity. Selectivity was achieved on P-Tyr-agarose from digested human IgG in HEPES 25 mmol L-1 buffer at pH 7.0 where Fab fragments were obtained in eluted fractions without Fc fragments (but with uncleaved IgG) with 86.2% recovery331CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal e Nível SuperiorCNPQ - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoFAPESP – Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa Do Estado De São Paulosem informaçãosem informação2013/12705‐

Increased Plasmodium falciparum Parasitemia in Non-splenectomized Saimiri sciureus Monkeys Treated with Clodronate Liposomes

A major constraint in the study of Plasmodium falciparum malaria, including vaccine development, lies on the parasite's strict human host specificity and therefore the shortage of animal experimental models able to harbor human plasmodia. The best experimental models are neo-tropical primates of the genus Saimiri and Aotus, but they require splenectomy to reduce innate defenses for achieving high and consistent parasitemias, an important limitation. Clodronate-liposomes (CL) have been successfully used to deplete monocytes/macrophages in several experimental models. We investigated whether a reduction in the numbers of phagocytic cells by CL would improve the development of P. falciparum parasitemia in non-splenectomized Saimiri sciureus monkeys. Depletion of S. sciureus splenocytes after in vitro incubation with CL was quantified using anti-CD14 antibodies and flow cytometry. Non-infected and P. falciparum-infected S. sciureus were injected intravenously twice a week with either CL at either 0.5 or 1 mL (5 mg/mL) or phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Animals were monitored during infection and treated with mefloquine. After treatment and euthanasia, spleen and liver were collected for histological analysis. In vitro CL depleted S. sciureus splenic monocyte/macrophage population in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In vivo, half of P. falciparum-infected S. sciureus treated with CL 0.5 mL, and two-thirds of those treated with CL 1 mL developed high parasitemias requiring mefloquine treatment, whereas all control animals were able to self-control parasitemia without the need for antimalarial treatment. CL-treated infected S. sciureus showed a marked decrease in the degree of splenomegaly despite higher parasitemias, compared to PBS-treated animals. Histological evidence of partial monocyte/macrophage depletion, decreased hemozoin phagocytosis and decreased iron recycling was observed in both the spleen and liver of CL-treated infected S. sciureus. CL is capable of promoting higher parasitemia in P. falciparum-infected S. sciureus, associated with evidence of partial macrophage depletion in the spleen and liver. Macrophage depletion by CL is therefore a practical and viable alternative to surgical splenectomy in this experimental model

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data