Chancen und Grenzen der Onlineberatung für junge Menschen

In dem folgenden Erfahrungsbericht soll ein Einblick in die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der neuartigen psychologischen Beratungsarbeit im Internet, sowohl per Chat als auch per E-Mail, gegeben werden. 78 % der Ratsuchenden nutzten bisher die Chance, sich anonym zu Problemen junger Menschen beraten zu lassen. Die Erfahrungen entstammen der Arbeit in dem Projekt „Psychologische und Sozialpädagogische Beratung nach dem Kinder und Jugendhilfegesetz (KJHG) im Internet". (DIPF/Orig.)The present report of experience, gives a general view in chances and limits of psychological Counselling Services in the internet, both chat and email. 78 % of the clients made use of the chance, of being anonymously counselled on the problems of young people, The experience has been made within the project „Psychological and socialpedagogical Counselling corresponding Kinder und Jugendhilfegesetz (KJHG) by internet". (DIPF/Orig.

Charakterisierung der Entwicklung und Funktion synovialer Makrophagen

Rheumatoide Arthritis (RA) ist eine der häufigsten Autoimmunerkrankungen in unserer Gesellschaft und geht mit starken Schmerzen und motorischen Behinderungen einher. Die RA ist vor allem durch chronische Entzündungen der synovialen Gelenke gekennzeichnet. Unbehandelt führt sie schließlich zum vollständigen Funktionsverlust der Gelenke. Eine Vielzahl von Immunzellen sind in die Pathogenese der RA involviert, wobei Makrophagen eine besondere Rolle im Entzündungsprozess spielen. Mit Hilfe konditionaler, transgener Mäuse, hochauflösender und dreidimensionaler Bildgebung sowie neuester Sequenzierungstechniken zur Erstellung von Transkriptionsprofilen wurden die mikroanatomische Organisation, Ontogenese und Differenzierung von unterschiedlichen synovialen Makrophagen-Populationen sowie deren funktionelle Rolle im gesunden und entzündeten Gelenk untersucht. So konnte gezeigt werden, dass eine besondere Population von gewebsresidenten CX3CR1+ Makrophagen in der synovialen Intima der Gelenke eine dynamische Membran bilden, welche das umgebene synoviale Gewebe von der Gelenkflüssigkeit trennt und als immunologische Barriere fungiert. CX3CR1+ Makrophagen und eine weitere Subpopulation interstitieller Makrophagen, welche einen alternativ aktivierten Phänotyp aufweisen, gehen aus einem residenten Pool proliferierender CX3CR1- CSF1R+ Makrophagenvorläufer hervor, die sich im interstitiellen Synovialgewebe befinden. Im Falle einer Gelenksentzündung kommt es zum Aufbrechen der Makrophagenbarriere, die unter physiologischen Bedingungen durch Tight Junctions und Desmosomen stabilisiert wird. Infiltrierende Makrophagen, die sich von Kochenmarkszellen ableiten, infiltrieren das Synovialgewebe und treiben die Entzündung voran. Pharmakologische Destabilisierung oder Stabilisierung der Tight Junctions legen eine protektive Funktion der Makrophagenbarriere nahe. Im Gegensatz zur Depletion von Blutmonozyten, führte der Verlust der Synovialmakrophagen zu einer Exazerbation Antiköper-vermittelter Gelenksentzündungen und bestätigte die entzündungs-eindämmende Funktion der Synovialmakrophagen. Diese Dissertation erweitert somit maßgeblich das grundlegende Verständnis über die Diversität, Ontogenese sowie Funktion synovialer Makrophagen unter physiologischen und entzündlichen Bedingungen und setzt sie in einen mikroanatomischen Kontext

Formal Verification of the LDACS MAKE Protocol

In our talk, we present the first formal verification of the security properties of the updated LDACS 3-pass Mutual Authentication and Key Establishment (MAKE) protocol. This protocol allows AS and GS to establish shared keys via Diffie-Hellman or a Key Encapsulation Mechanism, and to mutually authenticate communication partners in a three-way handshake. There are two variants: (1) The LDACS IKEv2 based 3-pass MAKE protocol and (2) the LDACS ISO/IEC 11770-3:2021 key agreement mechanism 7 based 3-pass MAKE protocol. The verification is done with the Tamarin Prover. We present our approach, point out security features and highlight difficulties in modelling the protocol correctly. Our work supports the on-going design and standardization process of LDACS

Reducing 2-qubit gate count for ZX-calculus based quantum circuit optimization

In the near term, programming quantum computers will remain severely limited by low quantum volumes. Therefore, it is desirable to implement quantum circuits with the fewest resources possible. For the common Clifford+T circuits, most research is focused on reducing the number of T gates, since they are an order of magnitude more expensive than Clifford gates in quantum error corrected encoding schemes. However, this optimization sometimes leads to more 2-qubit gates, which, even though they are less expensive in terms of fault-tolerance, contribute significantly to the overall circuit cost. Approaches based on the ZX-calculus have recently gained some popularity in the field, but reduction of 2-qubit gates is not their focus. In this work, we present an alternative for improving 2-qubit gate count of a quantum circuit with the ZX-calculus by using heuristics in ZX-diagram simplification. Our approach maintains the good reduction of the T gate count provided by other strategies based on ZX-calculus, thus serving as an extension for other optimization algorithms. Our results show that combining the available ZX-calculus-based optimizations with our algorithms can reduce the number of 2-qubit gates by as much as 40 % compared to current approaches using ZX-calculus. Additionally, we improve the results of the best currently available optimization technique of Nam et. al [22] for some circuits by up to 15 %

Selenoprofiles: profile-based scanning of eukaryotic genome sequences for selenoprotein genes

Motivation: Selenoproteins are a group of proteins that contain selenocysteine (Sec), a rare amino acid inserted co-translationally into the protein chain. The Sec codon is UGA, which is normally a stop codon. In selenoproteins, UGA is recoded to Sec in presence of specific features on selenoprotein gene transcripts. Due to the dual role of the UGA codon, selenoprotein prediction and annotation are difficult tasks, and even known selenoproteins are often misannotated in genome databases

Security in Digital Aeronautical Communications A Comprehensive Gap Analysis

Aeronautical communications still heavily depend on analog radio systems, despite the fact that digital communication has been introduced to aviation in the 1990's. Since then, the digitization of civil aviation has been continued, as considerable pressure to rationalize the aeronautical spectrum has built up. In any modern digital communications system, the threat of digital attacks needs to be considered carefully. This is especially true for safety-critical infrastructure, which aviation's operational communication services clearly are. In this article, we reverse the traditional approach in the aeronautical industry of looking at a system from the safety perspective and assume a security-oriented point of view. We use the lens of security properties to review the requirements and specifications of aeronautical communications infrastructure as of 2021 and observe that most standards lack cybersecurity as a key requirement. Furthermore, we review the academic literature to identify possible solutions for the lack of cybersecurity measures in aeronautical communications system. We observe that most systems have been thoroughly analyzed within the academic security community, some for decades even, with many papers proposing concrete solutions to missing cybersecurity features. We conclude that there is a systematic problem in the design process of aeronautical communication systems. We provide a list of eight key findings and recommendations to improve the process of specifying such systems in a secure manner

Spectral domain optical coherence tomography imaging with an integrated optics spectrometer

We designed and fabricated an arrayed-waveguide grating (AWG) in silicon oxynitride as a spectrometer for spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). The AWG has a footprint of only 3.0 cm x 2.5 cm, operates at a center wavelength of 1300 nm, and has 78 nm free spectral range. OCT measurements are performed that demonstrate imaging up to a maximum depth of 1 mm with an axial resolution of 19 mu m, both in agreement with the AWG design parameters. Using the AWG spectrometer combined with a fiber-based SD-OCT system, we demonstrate cross-sectional OCT imaging of a multilayered scattering phantom. (C) 2011 Optical Society of Americ

Mps1 regulates kinetochore-microtubule attachment stability via the ska complex to ensure error-free chromosome segregation

The spindle assembly checkpoint kinase Mps1 not only inhibits anaphase but also corrects erroneous attachments that could lead to missegregation and aneuploidy. However, Mps1’s error correction-relevant substrates are unknown. Using a chemically tuned kinetochore-targeting assay, we show that Mps1 destabilizes microtubule attachments (K fibers) epistatically to Aurora B, the other major error-correcting kinase. Through quantitative proteomics, we identify multiple sites of Mps1-regulated phosphorylation at the outer kinetochore. Substrate modification was microtubule sensitive and opposed by PP2A-B56 phosphatases that stabilize chromosome-spindle attachment. Consistently, Mps1 inhibition rescued K-fiber stability after depleting PP2A-B56. We also identify the Ska complex as a key effector of Mps1 at the kinetochore-microtubule interface, as mutations that mimic constitutive phosphorylation destabilized K fibers in vivo and reduced the efficiency of the Ska complex’s conversion from lattice diffusion to end-coupled microtubule binding in vitro. Our results reveal how Mps1 dynamically modifies kinetochores to correct improper attachments and ensure faithful chromosome segregation