Situaciones de votación en contextos parlamentarios

Tesis se enmarca dentro de la Teoría de Votaciones en Comité en un contexto parlamentario. El objetivo principal es analizar los procedimientos de votación utilizados en la toma de decisiones parlamentarias. Analiza los procedimientos de votación aplicados en un contexto parlamentario para tomar dos tipos de decisiones: el proceso de votación de las enmiendas a un Proyecto de Ley y la elección de miembros para formar un órgano rector de la Cámara. Las aportaciones principales son: Se amplía el análisis de las propiedades de los métodos parlamentarios relacionadas fundamentalmente con la Participación. Se plantea una posible reducción del conjunto de resultados finales que pueden alcanzarse con un método parlamentario. Se estudia teóricamente un mecanismo de votación que simplifica y generaliza el utilizado en la elección de Vicepresidentes y Secretarios en la Mesa del Congreso de los Diputados en España. Se analiza empíricamente el modo en que se han votado, en las distintas legislatura de la Democracia, los miembros de la Mesa del Congreso

Creer tocando

This paper analyzes the teaching-learning process applied in Singapur (country first in several studies as PISA and TIMSS). This method is based on visual elements that enhance problem ?s understanding. Our main contribution is to complement the learning process incorporating the sense of touch and manipulation as the main mode of discovering mathematics concepts in the preschool Education.En este trabajo se trata de analizar el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje utilizado en Singapur (país con mejores resultados en diversos estudios, PISA y TIMSS) aplicado a las matemáticas. Este método se basa en elementos visuales que permiten mejorar la comprensión del problema. Nuestra aportación es complementar el proceso de aprendizaje incorporando el sentido del tacto y utilizando la manipulación como el modo principal de descubrimiento en Educación Infantil

Modelización de mercados oligopolistas: El caso de madera para suelos. España 1994-2012

Los indicadores económicos clave de la industria de los suelos de madera muestran un reducido (cuatro) número de competidores, un alto grado de concentración industrial entre las principales empresas y barreras importantes, que bloquean efectivamente la entrada de nuevos fabricantes. Este trabajo estudia modelizar el comportamiento de los cuatro principales productores (dos de parqué tradicional y dos de tarima flotante) y de los consumidores de tres tipos de suelos de madera describiendo un panorama estratégico con resultados diferentes en función del tipo de suelo (Roble básico, Roble selecto y Jatoba). Los resultados del análisis de demanda muestran que las elasticidades respecto al precio propio son relativamente altas, por lo que los productores corren el riesgo de disminuir gravemente sus cuotas de mercado, si elevan sus precios en solitario. Además, a los consumidores les cuesta distinguir entre los bienes, altamente homogéneos, de los dos productores de tarima y los dos productores de parqué. En relación al análisis de oferta, los productores de Roble fijan precios en el mismo sentido, siendo el primer productor un líder. Por contra, en el mercado de la Jatoba existe una mayor rivalidad entre los tres primeros productores, debido a la búsqueda de cuota de mercado y realizan modificaciones de precio en sentido contrarioThe key economic indicators of the wood flooring industry show a reduced (four) number of competitors, a high degree of industrial concentration among the main companies and significant barriers, which effectively block the entry of new manufacturers. This paper models the behavior of the four main producers (two of traditional parquet and two of floating pallet) and the consumers of three types of wooden floors describing a strategic panorama with different results depending on the type of soil (Basic oak, Select oak and Jatoba). The results of the demand analysis show that the price elasticities are relatively high, so that the producers run the risk of seriously reducing their market shares, if they raise their prices alone. In addition, consumers find it difficult to distinguish between the highly homogeneous goods of the two pallet producers and the two parquet producers. In relation to the offer analysis, the producers of oak set prices in the same sense, being the first producer a leader. On the other hand, in the Jatoba market there is a greater competence among the first three producers, due to the search for market share and make price changes in the opposite directio

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group

VIII Encuentro de Docentes e Investigadores en Historia del Diseño, la Arquitectura y la Ciudad

Acta de congresoLa conmemoración de los cien años de la Reforma Universitaria de 1918 se presentó como una ocasión propicia para debatir el rol de la historia, la teoría y la crítica en la formación y en la práctica profesional de diseñadores, arquitectos y urbanistas. En ese marco el VIII Encuentro de Docentes e Investigadores en Historia del Diseño, la Arquitectura y la Ciudad constituyó un espacio de intercambio y reflexión cuya realización ha sido posible gracias a la colaboración entre Facultades de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño de la Universidad Nacional y la Facultad de Arquitectura de la Universidad Católica de Córdoba, contando además con la activa participación de mayoría de las Facultades, Centros e Institutos de Historia de la Arquitectura del país y la región. Orientado en su convocatoria tanto a docentes como a estudiantes de Arquitectura y Diseño Industrial de todos los niveles de la FAUD-UNC promovió el debate de ideas a partir de experiencias concretas en instancias tales como mesas temáticas de carácter interdisciplinario, que adoptaron la modalidad de presentación de ponencias, entre otras actividades. En el ámbito de VIII Encuentro, desarrollado en la sede Ciudad Universitaria de Córdoba, se desplegaron numerosas posiciones sobre la enseñanza, la investigación y la formación en historia, teoría y crítica del diseño, la arquitectura y la ciudad; sumándose el aporte realizado a través de sus respectivas conferencias de Ana Clarisa Agüero, Bibiana Cicutti, Fernando Aliata y Alberto Petrina. El conjunto de ponencias que se publican en este Repositorio de la UNC son el resultado de dos intensas jornadas de exposiciones, cuyos contenidos han posibilitado actualizar viejos dilemas y promover nuevos debates. El evento recibió el apoyo de las autoridades de la FAUD-UNC, en especial de la Secretaría de Investigación y de la Biblioteca de nuestra casa, como así también de la Facultad de Arquitectura de la UCC; va para todos ellos un especial agradecimiento

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Las Matemáticas en la Universidad: Una experiencia

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la evolución de la docencia en las asignaturas de Análisis Matemático I y II (impartidas el primer año de la licenciatura de Economía) las reacciones de los alumnos y profesores a una nueva forma de trabajo (en grupo) y su evaluación. Las secciones en las que se divide el trabajo corresponden al siguiente esquema: en primer lugar se realizará una revisión de la realidad de la asignatura, para plantear, en un segundo lugar, las propuestas teóricas y prácticas que obtengan unos resultados mejores que los iniciales. Por último se describen las conclusiones principales

A Disproportionality Bias in the Bureau of the Regional Assembly of Madrid

This paper analyses the voting behavior of the parliamentary groups in the Regional Assembly of Madrid to appoint the Bureau, its representative body, in all the legislatures since its inception (1983&ndash;2021). To this end, the actual result of the voting is compared with the mock result attained by following a Nash equilibrium (NE) and a d&rsquo;Hondt (d&rsquo;H) allocation in each vote. But the result of a d&rsquo;Hondt allocation varies based on the number of stages in which the voting is performed (President, Vice-President, and Secretaries), so a bias towards disproportionality could exist as measured by the absolute index of disproportionality which calculates the number of seats non-proportionally allocated. The results show that, in view of the hypothesis on the importance of the number of seats, the NE was only followed in four of the 12 Legislatures for Vice-Presidents (it was always followed for Secretaries). Thus, parliamentary groups could gain more seats by modifying their strategies. Additionally, the absolute rate of disproportionality and the number of seats non-proportionally allocated indicate that, in general, parliamentary groups obtain voting results that are less disproportionate than they could be (due to the number of voting stages)