Remisión de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 a largo plazo tras cirugía bariátrica

Overweight and obesity have become a major health problem in developed countries. In 2014, according to WHO, the obesity rate has tripled since1980́s, with 900 million people over 18years old with overweight of which 600million (13%) are obese. In Spain there is a 22,9% prevalence of obesity (BMI>30 kg/m2)with a 1.8% of morbid obesity (MO) (BMI> 40 kg/m2). Moreover, obesity is responsible of 3,4 million deaths and 3,9% life-years lost. It is also a risk factor for developing diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus. Epidemiological studies have shown that obesity is a significant risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus. The free fatty acids derived from visceral adipose tissue impair insulin sensitivity and beta cell function (lipotoxicity), leading to metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Given the increasing prevalence of obesity worldwide, the epidemic of diabetes has become an even larger economic and social public health challenge. Long-term glycemic control of diabetes can halt the progression of the disease, prevent complications and reduce cardiovascular risks. However, there are needs that are not addressed by intensified multifactorial interventions due to the need for continual monitoring and increasing doses over time, given the progressive nature of the disease, and most diabetic patients are unable to achieve adequate glucose control with medical therapy in the long term. In contrast, bariatric surgery has been shown to induce the remission of diabetes or to reduce the need for medications with durable long-term results in morbidly obese patients, thereby providing a potentially cost-effective approach to treating type 2 diabetes mellitus. Bariatric surgery (BS) is currently considered the most effective treatment option for morbid obesity, and is associated with25-50%, lower long-term mortality rate, improves comorbidities and avoids further complications related to obesity. This surgical option is indicated in patients with a BMI> 40 kg/m2or those with BMI 35-40 kg/m2 with comorbidities (including diabetes) in whom have failed medical therapy and without contraindications..

Despertando la curiosidad científica en infantil a través de la colaboración de familia, escuela y centro universitario

The experience presented is an activity for preschool students. The aim is to arouse their scientific curiosity and encourage collaboration among members of the educational community by participating students' parents, and students and teachers from the Teacher Training College ‘Sagrada Familia’ in Úbeda. The experience consisted of a day of workshops for preschool students from the state school "San Ginés de la Jara" in Sabiote (Jaén). In those workshops the students discovered scientific phenomena through experiments. A total of four workshops were carried out. They were based on scientific methodology in which children first observe, then formulate hypotheses, check the phenomenon and, finally, draw a conclusion. To study the initiation to scientific curiosity in the group of children we used the qualitative technique of text production. Also, as the experience was designed as a training project through the collaborative work of several sectors of the community, we decided to study the evolution in the correlation between theory and practice that trainee teachers had by means of a pretest-posttest research design with a single group, on the basis of a questionnaire on solving problematic scientific situations. In the same way, we used a pretest-posttest design based on a questionnaire with open-ended questions to analyze whether the family context was a collaborative environment to foster scientific curiosity and to contribute to its development in a setting other than the school. The results show that, after the intervention, a significant group of children remind one or more of the experiments of the workshops and are able to give a scientific explanation of them. The information drawn from the data collected in the family setting expand the results mentioned before, since it shows that, in some homes, children have applied scientific knowledge and, thus, the family context has become a collaborative environment to encourage scientific curiosity. Besides, the analysis of the data collected from trainee teachers show that most of them are capable of linking theory and practice after the experience. Key words: Scientific methodology, collaborative work, scientific curiosity, initial training, permanent training.La experiencia se plantea como una actividad para el alumnado de Educación Infantil. El fin es despertar la curiosidad científica y fomentar la colaboración entre los miembros de la comunidad educativa al participar padres y madres del alumnado, estudiantes de Educación Infantil y profesores de la Escuela Universitaria. El desarrollo de la experiencia se basó en la organización de una jornada de talleres para el alumnado de segundo ciclo de Educación Infantil del CEIP “San Ginés de la Jara”, de Sabiote (Jaén), en los que se presentaba el descubrimiento de fenómenos científicos a través de experimentos, con la colaboración de los padres y madres interesados en el proyecto y del alumnado de Magisterio de la Escuela Universitaria de Magisterio “Sagrada Familia”, de Úbeda, cercana al centro en el que se desarrolló la experiencia. Se realizaron un total de cuatro talleres basados en una metodología científica, dejando a los niños que observaran en primer lugar, lanzaran hipótesis, comprobaran el fenómeno sobre el que estaban haciendo las conjeturas y, finalmente, extrajeran una conclusión. Para estudiar la iniciación a la curiosidad científica en el grupo de niños y niñas de infantil utilizamos la técnica cualitativa de producción de textos. Asimismo, como la experiencia se preparó como un proyecto de formación a través del trabajo colaborativo de varios sectores de la comunidad, nos propusimos estudiar la evolución en la interrelación de teoría y práctica entre el alumnado de magisterio a través de un diseño de investigación de un sólo grupo con pretest-postest y a partir de un cuestionario de resolución de situaciones científicas problemáticas. De manera similar, para analizar si el contexto familiar constituía un entorno de colaboración para alentar la curiosidad científica y contribuir desde otro ambiente diferente al escolar a su desarrollo, utilizamos un diseño pretest-postest a partir de un cuestionario de preguntas abiertas

An Empowerment Scale Analysis of Mexican MSMEs: Modeling with Covariance Structures

[Abstract] Trained human capital is a source of incalculable resources, with an impact on the results of companies. For this reason, companies must carefully consider three aspects: empowerment with the consideration of the cognitive state of their collaborators; training and compensation; and fluidity in information sharing. Although granting empowerment to collaborators has been shown to be beneficial for organizations, its adoption has not been popularized. Therefore, it remains a construct that needs to be studied and understood, considering that it is influenced by the organizational culture of companies. In this research, the main objective was to examine the factor structure of the empowerment scale from the perspective of the owner or manager of the micro, small and medium-sized companies of Guanajuato, Mexico; using the dimensions of psychological empowerment; fluidity in information sharing; as well as training and compensation. The methodology is based on the Mathematical Economy; application of mathematical methods to represent theories and analyze problems in economics. This investigation used an exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to validate the proposed measurement scale. The sample is made up of 222 valid questionnaires. The CFA provided evidence that the model that best fits the data is a second-order model made up of two dimensions: self-efficacy and influence on the company’s results, which carry the psychological empowerment construct. These results make clear that although information is necessary to train human capital, cognitive variables are more important in the empowerment of human capita

A multiobjective optimization issue: genetic control planning or trajectories.

Part of a research project on cooperative marine robotics is the scenario of a submarine rendez-vous. This paper considers this case, where a high-manoeuvrability AUV (autonomous underwater vehicle) should meet a submarine platform for energy, samples and data service. Since the AUV is equipped with a set of thrusters, the problem of an adequate command of the thrusters appears. Given initial and final points for the AUV underwater trajectory, the question is to determine the set of forces and times to be exerted by the thrusters to get an adequate trajectory. Several constraints and simultaneous objectives to be optimized must be considered. Given the complexity of the multi-objective optimisation problem, it seems opportune to use Genetic Algorithms. The paper describes the problem to be solved, then explains how the GA were applied, and presents results for a set of cases considered, including obstacle avoidance

Synthesis of mechanically strong waterborne poly(urethane-urea)s capable of self-healing at elevated temperatures

Although various chemistries have been introduced into polyurethanes in order to obtain self-healing abilities, implementing these materials in applications requiring high strength is challenging as strong materials imply a limited molecular motion, but without movement of polymer chains self-healing is not possible. Here, waterborne poly(urethane-urea)s (PU(U)s) based on aromatic disulfide compounds are developed which balance these contradictory requirements by presenting good mechanical properties at room temperature, while showing the mobility necessary for healing when moderately heated. The influence of hard monomers on the stability and mobility of the materials is investigated by scratch closure, cut healing and rheological measurements, so that the limits of the readily available aromatic disulfide compounds, bis(4-aminophenyl)- and bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)disulfide, can be determined. Subsequently, a modified aromatic disulfide compound, bis[4-(3'-hydroxypropoxy)phenyl]disulfide, with increased reactivity, solubility and flexibility is synthesized and incorporated into the PU backbone, so that materials with more attractive mechanical properties, reaching ultimate tensile strengths up to 23 MPa, and self-healing abilities at elevated temperatures could be obtained.The European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme is accredited for the financial support through Project TRACKWAY-ITN 642514 under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement. N.B. acknowledges the financial support obtained through the Post-Doctoral fellowship Juan de la Cierva - Incorporación (IJCI-2016-28442), from the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spai

Effectiveness of a Multifactorial Intervention in the First 1000 Days of Life to Prevent Obesity and Overweight in Childhood: Study Protoco

(1) Background: Obesity is a global health problem, and its prevention must be a priority goal of public health, especially considering the seriousness of the problem among children. It is known that fetal and early postnatal environments may favor the appearance of obesity in later life. In recent years, the impact of the programs to prevent obesity in childhood has been scarce. The aim of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention based on the concept of early programming. (2) Methods: Non-randomized controlled trial design. Inclusion criteria are: two-year-old infants whose gestational period begins in the 14 months following the start of the intervention, and whose mothers have made the complete follow-up of their pregnancy in the same clinical unit of the study. The intervention will be developed over all the known factors that affect early programming, during pregnancy up to 2 years of life. Data will be collected through a data collection sheet by the paediatricians. A unibivariate and multivariate analysis of the data will be carried out. (3) Ethics and dissemination: The trial does not involve any risk to participants and their offspring. Signed informed consent is obtained from all participants. Ethical approval has been obtained. (4) Results: It is expected that this study will provide evidence on the importance of the prevention of obesity from the critical period of the first 1000 days of life, being able to establish this as a standard intervention in primary care

Overexpression of budding yeast protein phosphatase Ppz1 impairs translation

The Ser/Thr protein phosphatase Ppz1 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the best characterized member of a family of enzymes only found in fungi. Ppz1 is regulated in vivo by two inhibitory subunits, Hal3 and Vhs3, which are moonlighting proteins also involved in the decarboxylation of the 4-phosphopantothenoylcysteine (PPC) intermediate required for coenzyme A biosynthesis. It has been reported that, when overexpressed, Ppz1 is the most toxic protein in yeast. However, the reasons for such toxicity have not been elucidated. Here we show that the detrimental effect of excessive Ppz1 expression is due to an increase in its phosphatase activity and not to a plausible down-titration of the PPC decarboxylase components. We have identified several genes encoding ribosomal proteins and ribosome assembly factors as mild high-copy suppressors of the toxic Ppz1 effect. Ppz1 binds to ribosomes engaged in translation and copurifies with diverse ribosomal proteins and translation factors. Ppz1 overexpression results in Gcn2-dependent increased phosphorylation of eIF2α at Ser-51. Consistently, deletion of GCN2 partially suppresses the growth defect of a Ppz1 overexpressing strain. We propose that the deleterious effects of Ppz1 overexpression are in part due to alteration in normal protein synthesis.Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad BFU2017-82574-P, BFU2016-75352-

Nerve Growth Factor Regulates the Firing Patterns and Synaptic Composition of Motoneurons

Target-derived neurotrophins exert powerful synaptotrophic actions in the adult brain and are involved in the regulation of different forms of synaptic plasticity. Target disconnection produces a profound synaptic stripping due to the lack of trophic support. Conse- quently, target reinnervation leads to synaptic remodeling and restoration of cellular functions. Extraocular motoneurons are unique in that they normally express the TrkA neurotrophin receptor in the adult, a feature not seen in other cranial or spinal motoneurons, except after lesions such as axotomy or in neurodegenerative diseases like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We investigated the effects of nerve growth factor (NGF) by retrogradely delivering this neurotrophin to abducens motoneurons of adult cats. Axotomy reduced the density of somatic boutons and the overall tonic and phasic firing modulation. Treatment with NGF restored synaptic inputs and firing modu- lation in axotomized motoneurons. When K252a, a selective inhibitor of tyrosine kinase activity, was applied to specifically test TrkA effects, the NGF-mediated restoration of synapses and firing-related parameters was abolished. Discharge variability and recruitment threshold were, however, increased by NGF compared with control or axotomized motoneurons. Interestingly, these parameters re- turned to normal following application of REX, an antibody raised against neurotrophin receptor p75 (p75 NTR). In conclusion, NGF, acting retrogradely through TrkA receptors, supports afferent boutons and regulates the burst and tonic signals correlated with eye movements. On the other hand, p75 NTR activation regulates recruitment threshold, which impacts on firing regularity. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing powerful synaptotrophic effects of NGF on motoneurons in vivo

Tanzawaic acids, a chemically novel set of bacterial conjugation inhibitors

Bacterial conjugation is the main mechanism for the dissemination of multiple antibiotic resistance in human pathogens. This dissemination could be controlled by molecules that interfere with the conjugation process. A search for conjugation inhibitors among a collection of 1,632 natural compounds, identified tanzawaic acids A and B as best hits. They specially inhibited IncW and IncFII conjugative systems, including plasmids mobilized by them. Plasmids belonging to IncFI, IncI, IncL/M, IncX and IncH incompatibility groups were targeted to a lesser extent, whereas IncN and IncP plasmids were unaffected. Tanzawaic acids showed reduced toxicity in bacterial, fungal or human cells, when compared to synthetic conjugation inhibitors, opening the possibility of their deployment in complex environments, including natural settings relevant for antibiotic resistance dissemination.Work in the FDLC group was supported by grants BFU2014-55534-C2-1-P from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (http://www.mineco.gob.es) and 612146/FP7-ICT-2013-10 and 282004/FP7-HEALTH-2011-2.3.1-2 from the European Seventh Framework Programme (https://ec.europa.eu/research/fp7). MG was supported by a PhD fellowship from the University of Cantabria (http://www.unican.es). JCG was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship ASTF 402-2010 from the European Molecular Biology Organization (http://www.embo.org). Biomar Microbial Technologies was supported by grant 282004/FP7-HEALTH-2011-2.3.1-2 from the European Seventh Framework Programme (https://ec.europa.eu/research/fp7).USD 1,495 APC fee funded by the EC FP7 Post-Grant Open Access PilotPeer reviewe