Análisis del contenido argumentativo en un corpus de ensayos en inglés

El objetivo general del proyecto “Análisis del contenido argumentativo en un corpus de ensayos en inglés” como el título lo sugiere, analizar el contenido de los argumentos en el discurso mediante la comparación y contraste de ensayos escritos por los alumnos, para obtener un modelo de referencia en el contexto la argumentación. Para empezar a discutir un modelo argumentativo, es importante saber primero qué es un argumento. Van Dijk (1978) lo define como un diálogo persuasivo, cuyo objetivo es convencer al receptor de la credibilidad de la aseveración propuesta. Para ser consistente, todo argumento debe incluir enunciados aceptables, razonamientos válidos y un esquema argumentativo apropiado y correcto. Díaz (2009) identifica seis elementos, de los cuales tres son obligatorios y tres opcionales. Los obligatorios son: punto de vista o conclusión (P), fundamentación (F), y garante (G). Los opcionales, aunque no menos importantes, son: condicionamiento de la conclusión (Cd), concesión (K) y refutación (R).Como veremos, estos elementos provienen del análisis de las corrientes de la argumentación

Vigilancia y censura de libros e imágenes en los siglos XVI y XVII

Introducción al monográfico Los límites de la representació

INVESTING IN THE FINANCIAL SECTOR OF EMERGING COUNTRIES: POTENTIAL RISK AND HOW TO MANAGE THEM

The purpose of this article is to assess how the changing operations of international banks in emerging countries in the last decades have altered the risks they face as well as their mitigation techniques. The recent expansion of the international banking business through the setup of branches and subsidiaries has increased business potential, but has also changed the nature of the risks faced. Nevertheless, it is hard to determine whether risks, on the whole, are larger now than when cross- border operations were the main instrument for international banks’ activity. In addition, the article describes the various channels through which the risks faced by banks operating in emerging countries increase in times of crisis, especially when operating locally and in highly dollarized host countries, as shown in the latest crisis events. While the financial independence of subsidiaries may be considered an important tool of risk control, the possibilities to mitigate risks in local markets during times of crisis are generally scarce. This could be due to the relatively recent expansion of foreign banks’ local operations in emerging countries, as compared to the cross-border business, together with the relative underdevelopment of local financial markets, or perhaps to the nature of the local business itself.financial, foreign direct investment, emerging countries, risk management

Calculation of the variance in surveys of the economic climate

Public opinion surveys have become progressively incorporated into systems of official statistics. Surveys of the economic climate are usually qualitative because they collect opinions of businesspeople and/or experts about the long-term indicators described by a number of variables. In such cases the responses are expressed in ordinal numbers, that is, the respondents verbally report, for example, whether during a given trimester the sales or the new orders have increased, decreased or remained the same as in the previous trimester. These data allow to calculate the percent of respondents in the total population (results are extrapolated), who select every one of the three options. Data are often presented in the form of an index calculated as the difference between the percent of those who claim that a given variable has improved in value and of those who claim that it has deteriorated. As in any survey conducted on a sample the question of the measurement of the sample error of the results has to be addressed, since the error influences both the reliability of the results and the calculation of the sample size adequate for a desired confidence interval. The results presented here are based on data from the Survey of the Business Climate (Encuesta de Clima Empresarial) developed through the collaboration of the Statistical Institute of Catalonia (Institut d’Estadística de Catalunya) with the Chambers of Commerce (Cámaras de Comercio) of Sabadell and Terrassa.Economic climate, variances, sampling methods.

Calculation of the variance in surveys of the economic climate.

Public opinion surveys have become progressively incorporated into systems of official statistics. Surveys of the economic climate are usually qualitative because they collect opinions of businesspeople and/or experts about the long-term indicators described by a number of variables. In such cases the responses are expressed in ordinal numbers, that is, the respondents verbally report, for example, whether during a given trimester the sales or the new orders have increased, decreased or remained the same as in the previous trimester. These data allow to calculate the percent of respondents in the total population (results are extrapolated), who select every one of the three options. Data are often presented in the form of an index calculated as the difference between the percent of those who claim that a given variable has improved in value and of those who claim that it has deteriorated. As in any survey conducted on a sample the question of the measurement of the sample error of the results has to be addressed, since the error influences both the reliability of the results and the calculation of the sample size adequate for a desired confidence interval. The results presented here are based on data from the Survey of the Business Climate (Encuesta de Clima Empresarial) developed through the collaboration of the Statistical Institute of Catalonia (Institut d’Estadística de Catalunya) with the Chambers of Commerce (Cámaras de Comercio) of Sabadell and Terrassa.Economic climate, variances, sampling methods.

Book Fairs in Catalonia: Historical Note and Attempt at Classification

The aims of this paper are to offer a brief historical account of book fairs in Catalonia based on a review of documentary materials and to provide a broad outline of their variety and typology. The proposed classification is predicated on previous studies that have addressed the characteristics that identify different types of book fair. The results show some degree of proliferation in book fairs in recent years, reflecting an attempt to develop them as tools for economic and cultural promotion. Barcelona is the host city of a large number of the events, but they also take place in 16 other comarcas, or districts, of Catalonia. The vast majority have a regional geographical scope and are intended for the general public. Although there is a diversity of products across the fairs, the predominant focus is on new books generally, not specific subject matter. In terms of the management of the book fairs, cultural institutions are the leading group, but it is also common to find book-related guilds and public administrations in charge of the events

Por qué tu coño te parece feo: Una aproximación antiestética

This document contains an analysis of the taboo in our society, and how it affects the aesthetic perception we have, first of all, of our bodies, following by the human nude and taking it to other areas. In this work we start by considering what the taboo is, its origin and the main fields in which it develops, to take it to philosophical aesthetics, to our cultural sense of the ’beautiful’, and to our perception of identity and beauty. Taboo has a strong socio-cultural component, as an agent and product of culture. Aesthetics, in turn, is closely linked to culture, and therefore, to taboo, and cannot be analyzed, in a holistic way, without taking into account the context that sustains that perception.Este documento recoge un análisis sobre el tabú en nuestra sociedad, y cómo este afecta a la percepción estética que tenemos, en primer lugar, de nuestros cuerpos, siguiendo por el desnudo humano y llevándola a otros ámbitos. En este trabajo se parte de plantear qué es el tabú, su origen y los campos principales en los que se desarrolla, para llevarlo a la estética filosófica, a nuestro sentido cultural de lo “bello”, y a nuestra percepción de la identidad y la belleza. El tabú tiene un fuerte componente sociocultural, como agente y producto de la cultura. La estética, a su vez, está estrechamente ligada a la cultura, y por ende, al tabú, y no se puede analizar, de una forma holística, sin tener en cuenta el contexto que sustenta esa percepción

Intervención didáctica con estrategias de aprendizaje innovadora para generar comprensión en la asignatura Historia Universal con los estudiantes de 9no grado B del Instituto Nacional Amistad Quebec Teustepe, Boaco.

El objetivo de la presente investigación es desarrollar de la comprensión en la asignatura Historia Universal a través de la aplicación de estrategias innovadoras en los estudiantes de noveno grado B en el Instituto Nacional amistad Quebec 2017. La metodología de la investigación didáctica fue la investigación acción y se seleccionó una muestra de 28 estudiantes. En el desarrollo de la investigación se pusieron en práctica variedades de estrategias innovadoras como la elaboración de rompecabezas, murales, línea de tiempo, pirámides, sobresaliendo la exposición de caricatura sobre el legado cultural de las primeras civilizaciones donde los alumnos aplicaron sus conocimientos de forma creativa y respetando el trabajo de sus compañeros. A través de la investigación los estudiantes adquirieron nuevos conocimientos de manera práctica y desarrollaron la competencia del trabajo en equipo. Se llegó a la conclusión que la intervención didáctica con estrategias innovadoras generó comprensión en el contenido primeras civilizaciones agrícolas donde los estudiantes demostraron interés participando activamente, obteniendo aprendizaje significativo además se podría mencionar que los docentes activos en el centro mostraron interés en la aplicación de la misma lo que les servirá de motivación para su labor educativa en función del desarrollo del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje enfocado siempre en la formación integral de los alumnos

Hypovitaminosis D in young basketball players: association with jumping and hopping performance considering gender

This study aimed to verify whether a group of young well-trained basketball players presented deficiencies in vitamin D concentration, and to analyze whether there was an association between vitamin D concentration and jumping and hopping performance. Gender differences were considered. Twenty-seven players from an international high-level basketball club (14 female, 16.00 ± 0.55 years; 13 male, 15.54 ± 0.52 years) participated in this cross-sectional study. Rate of force development was evaluated by means of the Abalakov test (bilateral: AbB; right leg: AbR; left leg: AbL); and the triple hop test (right leg: THR; left leg: THL). Blood samples were collected for the determination of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and nutritional status. Vitamin D insufficiency was found in both women (29.14 ± 6.08 ng/mL) and men (28.92 ± 6.40 ng/mL), with no gender differences regarding nutritional scores. Jumping and hopping performance was confirmed to be significantly larger in males (AbL, THR, and THL p < 0.005), whose CV% were always smaller. A positive correlation was found between AbB and vitamin D (r = 0.703) in males, whereas this correlation was negative (−0.611) for females, who also presented a negative correlation (r = −0.666) between THR and vitamin D. A prevalence of hypovitaminosis D was confirmed in young elite athletes training indoors. Nutritional (i.e., calciferol) controls should be conducted throughout the season. Furthermore, whilst performance seems to be affected by low levels of this vitamin in men, these deficiencies appear to have a different association with jumping and hopping in women, pointing to different performance mechanisms. Further studies accounting for differences in training and other factors might delve into these gender differences