El cáncer en el programa de TVE Saber Vivir en el periodo 2014-2017: un análisis de contenido

Este estudio pretende analizar el tratamiento informativo del cáncer en el programa de divulgación científica emitido por Televisión Española, Saber Vivir, mediante el análisis de los reportajes y las entrevistas emitidas entre los años 2014 y 2017, ambos inclusive. En total, se han analizado 80 piezas periodísticas, entre las que predominan los reportajes. Para analizarlas, hemos empleado una ficha de elaboración propia en la que nos hemos centrado en los aspectos que hemos considerado más importantes, relacionados directamente con los objetivos específicos que persigue esta investigación: las estrategias comunicativas, las fuentes de información y los aspectos sobre el cáncer que se han tratado en las piezas periodísticas para, así, determinar su cobertura en cuanto a contenido. Además, también nos ha parecido interesante resaltar el tiempo dedicado por el programa a tratar la información oncológica en relación a la duración total del espacio. Entre los distintos resultados obtenidos, es significativo que la cobertura del cáncer ha ido disminuyendo cada año, tanto el tiempo como el número de programas dedicados a la enfermedad. Por tanto, esto puede poner en duda que el programa cumpla con su función de servicio público.Universidad de Sevilla. Grado en Periodism

Acinetobacter baumannii: epidemiología, resistencias y opciones de tratamiento

Tesis Doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Molecular. Fecha de Lectura: 28-06-202

mTOR signaling in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus mediates the anorectic action of estradiol

The authors dedicate this work to the bright memory of our colleague, master and friend Enrique Aguilar. The research leading to these results has received funding from Xunta de Galicia (R N: 2015-CP080 and 2016- PG057; M L: 2015-CP079), Junta de Andalucía (M T-S: P12-FQM-01943), MINECO co-funded by the FEDER Program of EU (C D: BFU2017-87721; R N: BFU2015-70664R; M T-S: BFU2014-57581-P and PIE14/0005; M L: SAF2015- 71026-R and BFU2015-70454-REDT/Adipoplast). The CiMUS is supported by the Xunta de Galicia (2016–2019, ED431G/05). CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición is an initiative of ISCIII. A E-S is a recipient of a fellowship from MINECO (FPI/BES-2016-077439). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Local Lung Immune Response to Mycobacterium bovis Challenge after BCG and M. bovis Heat-Inactivated Vaccination in European Badger (Meles meles)

[EN] Tuberculosis (TB) vaccination could be used as a key part of integrated strategies for the disease’s control if an effective and safe vaccine under field conditions is obtained. Recent studies in Spain have evaluated the protective efficacy of two oral vaccines against experimental challenge with live intra-bronchial Mycobacterium bovis in captive badgers: the live-attenuated M. bovis BCG vaccine (Danish strain) and a heat-inactivated M. bovis (HIMB) vaccine. With the objective of increasing the knowledge of the cellular development progress of infection and generating further tools to discriminate between mild and severe TB lesions between and within animals, the immunopathology of tuberculous lesions was studied to characterize the local immune response (cell type profile) within lung granulomas from control (non-vaccinated), BCG vaccinated and HIMB-vaccinated experimentally infected badgers with M. bovis. Four immunohistochemical protocols, for the specific detection of macrophages, T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and plasma cells within TB granulomas in formalin fixed sections of the right middle lung lobe (lobe targeted for the M. bovis delivery), were performed. Immunolabelled sections were scanned and five randomly selected areas were analyzed with digital image analysis software. The results were expressed as the proportion of the positively immunolabelled area within the total area of the selected site. Data was analyzed using the statistical analysis software (SAS). In the three treatment groups, macrophages were the most abundant inflammatory cells within the granulomas, followed by B lymphocytes and plasma cells. T lymphocyes were absent in those granulomas. This would suggest a predominance of a non-specific innate response mediated by phagocytic cells over an adaptative humoral immune response. The proportion of macrophages and plasma cells was higher in BCG and HIMB-vaccinated badgers, respectively, suggesting the establishment of an adaptative humoral response in HIMB-vaccinated badgers. The lower bacterial load at the lung level, as well as the volume of lesions in lungs using magnetic resonance imaging in badgers with the HIMB vaccine in relation with local immune response presented, must be highlighted, since it would be an advantage in favor of its use under field conditions in terms of reducing TB transmission and environmental contaminationSIThis work has been funded by Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MCIU) and the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) reference project RTI2018-096010-B-C21 (FEDER co-funded) and, by PCTI 2018–2020 (GRUPIN: IDI2018-000237) and FEDER. Ms. Cristina Blanco Vázquez was granted with a predoctoral fellowship funded by INIA-CCAA (FPI-INIA) (2018 call). Ms. Ileana Z. Martínez was supported by a Fundación Carolina PhD scholarship (2017 call). We have received funds by RTI2018-096010-B-C21 (FEDER co-funded) to cover publication cost

Estradiol Regulates Energy Balance by Ameliorating Hypothalamic Ceramide-Induced ER Stress

Compelling evidence has shown that, besides its putative effect on the regulation of the gonadal axis, estradiol (E2) exerts a dichotomic effect on the hypothalamus to regulate food intake and energy expenditure. The anorectic effect of E2 is mainly mediated by its action on the arcuate nucleus (ARC), whereas its effects on brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis occur in the ventromedial nucleus (VMH). Here, we demonstrate that central E2 decreases hypothalamic ceramide levels and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Pharmacological or genetic blockade of ceramide synthesis and amelioration of ER stress selectively occurring in the VMH recapitulate the effect of E2, leading to increased BAT thermogenesis, weight loss, and metabolic improvement. These findings demonstrate that E2 regulation of ceramide-induced hypothalamic lipotoxicity and ER stress is an important determinant of energy balance, suggesting that dysregulation of this mechanism may underlie some changes in energy homeostasis seen in femalesThe research leading to these results has received funding from Xunta de Galicia (R.N.: 2015-CP080 and 2016-PG057; M.L.: 2015-CP079), MINECO co-funded by the FEDER Program of EU (R.N.: BFU2015-70664R; D.P.: SAF2016-77526-R; C.D.: BFU2017-87721; M.L.: SAF2015-71026-R and BFU2015-70454-REDT/Adipoplast). The CiMUS is supported by the Xunta de Galicia (2016-2019, ED431G/05). L.L.-P. is a recipient of a fellowship from Xunta de Galicia (ED481A-2016/094); E.R.-P. is a recipient of a fellowship from MINECO (BES-2015-072743); A.E.-S. is a recipient of a fellowship from MINECO (FPI/BES-2016-077439); C.R. is a recipient of a fellowship from MINECO (FPU16/04582). CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición is an initiative of ISCIIIS

Volteando la tortilla. Género y maíz en la alimentación actual de México.

Ante escenarios complejos, patriarcales y desoladores que dejan ver el neoliberalismo, la globalización agroalimentaria, el calentamiento global y las contaminaciones de granos nativos por la imposición de transgénicos, nos cuestionamos si existen algunas alternativas para preservar el maíz nativo como un recurso multiestratégico (alimentario, económico, cultural, ecológico y tecnológico) tomando en cuenta las condiciones actuales de desigualdades sociales de género, etnia, clases y edad que predominan en el campo mexicano. Para responder a algunos cuestionamientos, este libro presenta algunas alternativas a través de diversas experiencias femeninas y de relaciones de género en torno al maíz y la alimentación. Todas ellas muestran que es posible construir una masa crítica para salvaguardar el maíz nativo bajo esas condiciones desoladoras, pero siempre y cuando se “voltee la tortilla”, metáfora que da pie al inicio de otra realidad humanizada y en sincronía con la naturaleza.Proyecto realizado con financiamiento Conacy

A facility and community-based assessment of scabies in rural Malawi.

Background Scabies is a neglected tropical disease of the skin, causing severe itching, stigmatizing skin lesions and systemic complications. Since 2015, the DerMalawi project provide an integrated skin diseases clinics and Tele-dermatology care in Malawi. Clinic based data suggested a progressive increase in scabies cases observed. To better identify and treat individuals with scabies in the region, we shifted from a clinic-based model to a community based outreach programme. Methodology/principal findings From May 2015, DerMalawi project provide integrated skin diseases and Tele-dermatological care in the Nkhotakota and Salima health districts in Malawi. Demographic and clinical data of all patients personally attended are recorded. Due to a progressive increase in the number of cases of scabies the project shifted to a community-based outreach programme. For the community outreach activities, we conducted three visits between 2018 to 2019 and undertook screening in schools and villages of Alinafe Hospital catchment area. Treatment was offered for all the cases and school or household contacts. Scabies increased from 2.9% to 39.2% of all cases seen by the DerMalawi project at clinics between 2015 to 2018. During the community-based activities approximately 50% of the population was assessed in each of three visits. The prevalence of scabies was similar in the first two rounds, 15.4% (2392) at the first visit and 17.2% at the second visit. The prevalence of scabies appeared to be lower (2.4%) at the third visit. The prevalence of impetigo appeared unchanged and was 6.7% at the first visit and 5.2% at the final visit. Conclusions/significance Prevalence of scabies in our setting was very high suggesting that scabies is a major public health problem in parts of Malawi. Further work is required to more accurately assess the burden of disease and develop appropriate public health strategies for its control

TRY plant trait database – enhanced coverage and open access

Plant traits - the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants - determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait‐based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits - almost complete coverage for ‘plant growth form’. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait–environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives

Structural and morphological aspects of (fluoro) quinolone delivery by layered double hydroxide nanoparticles

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have been proposed as delivery systems (DSs) of (fluoro)quinolones (QLNs) to overcome their low bioavailability and to prevent the emergence of resistant bacteria. Both LDH-DS synthesis as nanoparticles (NPs) and QLN interactions with the metal ions that constitute the layers are essential to improve their physicochemical, biopharmaceutical and antimicrobial properties. Here, LDH-DSs containing the basic form of nalidixic acid (Nal), used as a probe, were obtained by coprecipitation at variable and constant pH (LDH-Nal-pHvar and LDH-Nal-pHcte, respectively). For both syntheses, LDH NPs containing Nal anions (LDH-Nal-NPs), with sizes between 30 and 40 nm, were obtained. A coordination compound (Mg(Nal)2·4H2O, Mg(Nal)2) was also concurrent for LDH-Nal-pHcte, which modulated the drug release profile and antimicrobial properties of the LDH-Nal-NPs. Thus, Nal release from LDH-Nal-pHvar was produced mainly by anion exchange. The best fits, obtained for the Higuchi model, showed rate constants dependent on the exchanging anions (kH = 0.88 and 1.53 for NaCl 0.9% and buffer phosphate 0.05 M, pH = 7.4, respectively). The nanometric size of LDH-Nal-pHvar as well as its faster release rate allowed a minimum inhibitory concentration decrease (MIC = 32 μg mL−1) compared to the pure drug (MIC = 128 μg mL−1). Instead, the presence of Mg(Nal)2 in LDH-Nal-pHcte led to a more sustained and media independent Nal release, but a lower MIC (64 μg mL−1) than LDH-Nal-pHvar.Fil: Salguero Salas, Yadira Estefania. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: García, Mónica Cristina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica; ArgentinaFil: Mosconi, Giuliana. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos y Química Aplicada. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos y Química Aplicada; ArgentinaFil: Rojas Delgado, Ricardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba; Argentin

Ciprofloxacin-intercalated layered double hydroxide-in-hybrid films as composite dressings for controlled antimicrobial topical delivery

Films based on biopolymers and loaded with antimicrobial agents are convenient pharmaceutical dosage forms for topical application. Inorganic carriers loaded with these agents lead to composite materials, which combined with polymers produce further functionality. Here, hybrid composite films based on layered double hydroxide (LDH) and hyaluronan (HS) as ciprofloxacin (Cip) delivery systems were studied as an alternative for prophylaxis and treatment of opportunistic infections in wounds. Cip-intercalated Zn-Al LDH (LDH-Cip), with high drug loading and crystallinity, were obtained by a precipitation at variable pH method, and then included in a HS dispersion for obtaining the hybrid composite films by solvent casting. Physicochemical characterization of films showed that a composite material where the HS acted as matrix and LDH-Cip aggregates acted as filler were obtained. LDH-Cip were uniformly dispersed along the (LDH-Cip)/HS films, which exhibited roughness in their surface, increasing their swelling capacity in PBS pH = 5.8. Controlled releases of Cip toward PBS at pH = 5.8 and 7.4 were obtained, and the best fits for the release profiles were found with Higuchi and Korsmeyer-Peppas models, respectively. (LDH-Cip)/HS films exhibited antimicrobial activity against S. aureus. These films would then provide sustained release of Cip after topical administration, maintaining a suitable level of antibacterial activity, combined with the wound healing properties of the HS. The interesting properties shown by the (LDH-Cip)/HS films make them a promising alternative for application in skin wounds.Fil: Salguero Salas, Yadira Estefania. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba; Argentina. Escuela Politécnica Nacional; EcuadorFil: Valenti, Laura Elisa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Rojas Delgado, Ricardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: García, Mónica Cristina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica; Argentin